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BEIJING, Nov. 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Underweight patients may have more possibilities of mortality within 30 days of general and vascular surgery compared with mildly obese patients, according to a research published online in Archives of Surgery Tuesday.Researchers at the U.S. National Surgical Quality Improvement Program conducted the research for the years 2005 and 2006, and assessed the contribution of BMI (Body Mass Index) to 189,533 postsurgeries morbidity and mortality by obesity classes.They found that compared with the middle BMI quintile group, patients with BMI value below 23.1, had greater chances for death. For the highest BMI quintile group, higher mortality rate was also observed.However, the researchers also found that obesity may as well be associated with increased mortality for some individual types of surgeries."These individual types of procedures include procedures with which the general surgeon should have definite experience: colorectal resection, colostomy formation, cholecystectomy, hernia repair, mastectomy, and wound debridement," said George J. Stukenborg, PhD, of the University of Virginia inCharlottesvilleand his colleagues.Based on a 30 –day morbidity and mortality risk calculation, the sample patients were categorized into BMI quintile ranges. BMI value of less than 23.1 was considered as lowest, values from 26.3 to 29.6 considered as the middle quintile, and above 35.2 considered as the highest.Factors such as lack of enough data on nonfatal complications and hospital resources, or examining mortality over the 30-day baseline, may cause limitations and inaccuracy to the research and more studies on a wider range of patients in terms of BMI are needed to further confirm the current conclusion, researchers said.

SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 26 (Xinhua) -- Global tablet shipments reached nearly 27 million units in the fourth quarter of 2011 with Android jumping to a record share of 39 percent, said a new research released on Thursday.According to the research by consulting firm Strategy Analytics, global tablet shipments reached a record high of 26.8 million units in the last quarter of 2011, surging 250 percent from 10.7 million units in the same period a year earlier.Android captured a record 39 percent share of global tablet shipments, rising from 29 percent in the year-ago quarter.Global Android tablet shipments tripled annually to 10.5 million units in the last three months of 2011 and the platform so far is relatively popular with tablet manufacturers, said the research.However, Apple shipped 15.4 million iPads worldwide and maintained its market leadership with 58 percent share during the fourth quarter last year."Apple shrugged off the much-hyped threat from entry-level Android models this quarter," Peter King, director at Strategy Analytics, said in a statement.The research found Microsoft captured a mere 1.5 percent global tablet share in the quarter, noting that "the upcoming release of Windows 8 this year cannot come quickly enough for Microsoft, so its hardware partners can start competing more effectively in the tablet space."In the full year of 2011, global tablet shipments hit 66.9 million units, increasing by 260 percent from 18.6 million units in 2010, according to the research.Consumers are increasingly buying tablets in preference to netbooks and even entry-level notebooks or desktops, said the research.

BEIJING, Jan. 19 (Xinhua) -- China's major textile companies are expected to witness an annual increase of 8 percent in their value-added output over the next four years, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said Thursday.The ministry published a plan regarding supporting the development of the textile industry during the country's 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011-2015), according to which the sector's exports will reach 300 billion U.S. dollars by 2015 with an annual growth of 7.5 percent.The industry is also expected to employ 20 million people by 2015 and its energy consumption per unit of value-added output will drop by 20 percent from 2010, the guideline said.The country will encourage the textile industry to enhance brand-building and aims to build 5-10 textile companies of global influence and 50 companies with an annual revenue of more than 10 billion yuan by 2015.The guideline warned of potential risks for the sector, including volatile changes in raw material prices, rising production costs and a complicated international trade environment.The guideline said the industry should develop new products and explore new markets to ensure a healthy development during the coming period.

BEIJING, Nov. 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Global AIDS deaths and new HIV infections have each dropped 21 percent since the peak of the AIDS pandemic in 1997, according to a UN report released Monday.One major factor responsible for the result is that life-saving HIV treatments have become more popular and got to 1.35 million more people in 2010 than in 2009.In middle-income and underdeveloped nations, these treatments have saved 2.5 million lives since 1995."We have seen a massive scale-up in access to HIV treatment, which has had a dramatic effect on the lives of people everywhere," said Michel Sidibe, executive director of the U.N. AIDS program.However, 53 percent of people who need HIV/AIDS treatments -- about 7.6 million people -- cannot get them, which accounted for 1.8 million AIDS deaths in 2010.There are now 34 million people living with HIV. And just in last year there were 2.7 million new infections.The decline in deaths and new infections means the AIDS pandemic is at a turning point, the UNAIDS report argues, adding smart investment can save millions of future deaths.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- The journal Science on Thursday chose the HPTN 052 clinical trial, an international HIV prevention trial as the 2011 Breakthrough of the Year.The study found that if HIV-infected heterosexual individuals begin taking anti-retroviral medicines when their immune systems are relatively healthy as opposed to delaying therapy until the disease has advanced, they are 96 percent less likely to transmit the virus to their uninfected partners. Findings from the trial, first announced in May, were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in August.The study was funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health."The HPTN 052 study convincingly demonstrated that anti- retroviral medications can not only treat but also prevent the transmission of HIV infection among heterosexual individuals," said NIAID Director Anthony Fauci in a statement. "We are pleased that Science recognized the extraordinary public health significance of these study results."Science's list of nine other ground-breaking scientific achievements from 2011 include:The Hayabusa Mission: After some near-disastrous technical difficulties and a stunningly successful recovery, Japan's Hayabusa spacecraft returned to Earth with dust from the surface of a large, S-type asteroid. This asteroid dust represented the first direct sampling of a planetary body in 35 years, and analysis of the grains confirmed that the most common meteorites found on Earth, known as ordinary chondrules, are born from these much larger, S-type asteroids.Unraveling Human Origins: Studying the genetic code of both ancient and modern human beings, researchers discovered that many humans still carry DNA variants inherited from archaic humans, such as the mysterious Denisovans in Asia and still-unidentified ancestors in Africa. One study this year revealed how archaic humans likely shaped our modern immune systems, and an analysis of Australopithecus sediba fossils in South Africa showed that the ancient hominin possessed both primitive and Homo-like traits.Capturing a Photosynthetic Protein: In vivid detail, researchers in Japan have mapped the structure of the Photosystem II, or PSII, protein that plants use to split water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The crystal-clear image shows off the protein's catalytic core and reveals the specific orientation of atoms within. Now, scientists have access to this catalytic structure that is essential for life on Earth -- one that may also hold the key to a powerful source of clean energy.Pristine Gas in Space: Astronomers using the Keck telescope in Hawaii to probe the faraway universe wound up discovering two clouds of hydrogen gas that seem to have maintained their original chemistry for two billion years after the big bang. Other researchers identified a star that is almost completely devoid of metals, just as the universe's earliest stars must have been, but that formed much later. The discoveries show that pockets of matter persisted unscathed amid eons of cosmic violence.