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WASHINGTON, Aug. 4 (Xinhua) -- U.S. scientists have found two gene mutations occurring in oligodendrogliomas, the second-most common form of brain cancer, according to a study to be published Friday in journal Science.For years scientists have been looking for the primary cancer genes involved in oligodendrogliomas evolvement. Scientists know the two chromosomes held the probable mutations, but the particular gene information remains unclear.Now scientists at Duke University Medical Center and Johns Hopkins University have discovered the most likely genetic mutations that researchers have been hunting for on chromosomes 1 and 19.The genes they identified, CIC or FUBP1, are tumor suppressor genes. The cancer-related pathways that involve these genes could become targets for future treatments, said Hai Yan, a Duke associate professor of pathology and co-corresponding author of the study.The researchers found CIC on chromosome 19 and FUBP1 on chromosome 1 based on an initial study of seven oligodendrogliomas. They found six mutations and two mutations, respectively, in the seven tumors. Further study of 27 more of these tumors showed that there were 12 and three mutations of CIC and FUBP1, respectively. The two genes were rarely mutated in other types of cancers, indicating that they are oligodendroglioma-specific genes.These genes were difficult to find until the technology improved, said Yan."The team used whole genome sequencing technology so that no genes would be excluded, and we found to our surprise that one gene, on chromosome 19, was mutated in six out of the seven initial tumor specimens we sequenced," Yan said. "A mutation frequency of 85 percent is very high."The finding of two additional new genes involved in oligodendrogliomas increases the chances for an effective combination drug therapy for the tumor, Yan said. He envisions a combination cocktail of drugs similar to the combination-drug treatments taken by HIV patients that would target different pathways involved in cancer, and assist both in reducing the chance of relapsing and increasing odds of success.

BEIJING, Aug. 25 (Xinhua) -- China pledged on Thursday to make more efforts to aid people living in the drought-stricken Horn of Africa in collaboration with the International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC)."We noticed that the ICRC launched an appeal regarding the situation in the Horn of Africa. The Red Cross Society of China (RCSC) has decided to donate 4 million yuan (about 623,000 U.S. dollars) to the ICRC for its humanitarian aid in the region," said Hua Jianmin, president of the RCSC, while meeting with visiting ICRC President Jakob Kellenberger in Beijing on Thursday.Earlier this month, the RCSC donated 8 million yuan (1.25 million dollars) to famine-plagued countries in the Horn of Africa to be used for emergency humanitarian aid.A donation of 2 million yuan was sent to Kenya through the country's Red Cross organization, while another 2 million went to Ethiopia. The other 4 million yuan was donated to other countries in the region.The Chinese government has decided to provide a total of 90 million yuan (14 million dollars) in emergency food assistance to countries in the Horn of Africa."The Red Cross Society of China is willing to work together with the International Committee for the Red Cross to meet the needs of those who have been affected (by the droughts)," Hua said.Some 12.4 million people in Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia and other countries in the region are in dire need of food due to a serious drought, the worst to hit the region since the 1980s.

BEIJING, Aug. 30 (Xinhua) -- China's second moon orbiter, the Chang'e-2, has arrived in outer space about 1.5 million km away from Earth and is now orbiting the second Lagrange Point (L2), where gravity from the sun and Earth balances the orbital motion of a satellite, Chinese scientists said Tuesday.Chang'e-2 entered L2's orbit at 11:27 p.m. last Thursday after spending 77 days traveling away from its previous orbital path around the moon, according to the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence (SASTIND).The SASTIND said that China is now the world's third country or organization to successfully put a spacecraft into orbit around L2, after the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States.The Chang'e-2 orbiter will carry out exploration activities around L2 in the coming year, SASTIND said.There are five so-called "Lagrange Points" about 1.5 million km way from the Earth in the exact opposite direction from the sun. Putting a spacecraft at any of these points allows it to stay in a fixed position relative to the Earth and sun with a minimal amount of energy needed for course correction.The orbiter completed all of its assigned tasks after blasting off on Oct. 1, 2010, according to the SASTIND. Although the orbiter was only supposed to remain in space for six months, the SASTIND decided to assign additional tasks to it, as it still had fuel in its reserve tanks.Traveling into outer space from the moon's orbit was one of the orbiter's most important missions, according to the SASTIND.Before arriving at its current position in outer space, the Chang'e-2 took photos of the northern and southern poles of the moon. It then descended to a lower orbit, approximately 15 km away from the moon's surface, where it captured high-resolution images of the Sinus Iridum, or "Bay of Rainbows," an area where future moon probes may land.The SASTIND is reportedly planning to launch measure and control stations into outer space by the end of the second half of next year. The Chang'e-2 will be used to test the two stations' functionality at that time.China's ambitious three-stage moon mission will include a moon landing, as well as the launch of a moon rover during the second stage, which is scheduled to take place in 2012. During the third phase, another rover will land on the moon and return to Earth with lunar soil and stone samples for scientific research around 2017.China does not currently have a timetable in place for a manned moon landing. It launched its first lunar probe, the Chang'e-1, in October 2007.In 2003, China became the third country after Russia and the United States to send a human into space. Two more manned space missions followed, the most recent of which took place in 2008.0 The Chang'e probes are named after the Chinese legendary goddess of the moon.

BEIJING, Sept. 26 (Xinhuanet) -- One of the world's brightest minds aims to bring to the world a new, advanced three-dimensional image technology that will leave other such technology in the shadows."Our new technology will be better than that used in Avatar," says Professor Yau Shing-tung of Harvard University."The image will be more vivid than with technologies used in previous movies. The new technology is not only quicker but cheaper."Yau is one of the world's greatest mathematicians, having won the prestigious Fields Medal. He was once the dean of the department of mathematics at Harvard, and is now a professor there. He is also a visiting professor at Tsinghua University.Professor Yau and his team met professionals from Tsinghua University and Renmin University of China last week, and they discussed possible cooperation to apply the technology in making a demonstration movie using the new technology.Yau and a team started working on the new 3D technology, founded on geometrical principles, at Harvard 10 years ago.What marks it out is the extremely vivid pictures it produces.3D technology is used not only in making movies and in Internet games but in other areas , such as medicine. Movie audiences the world over were awestruck by the technology used in the movie Avatar."After I watched the movie, all I could say was 'Wow'," said Shen Yiren, an IT staff worker in Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park Zone. "3D technology has extended the boundaries of the human imagination."Yau says that six years ago the makers of Avatar had wanted him to cooperate with them but he turned them down."I was not sure that (Avatar) would be such a big success."Avatar's facial caption technology puts points on models' faces while the new technology uses geometric methods, saving time and money, Yau says.

BEIJING, June 27 (Xinhuanet) -- A "lean gene" that helps people keep slim was found closely related to diabetes and heart disease, according to a study pulished in Nature Genetics journal on Sunday.The scientists from Britain’s Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit conducted the study.After comparing the genetic codes of more than 75,000 people, a gene called IRS1 was spotted as the decisive factor to lower the fat level in human body.But in further study, IRS1 was found putting people to a 20 percent higher risk of developing heart disease and type-2 diabetes.The study warned that people who appear slim and fit might be also at risk.But scientists suggest that the study results did not change the general message for most people."While this study pointed to genes as one factor in determining the risk of developing these conditions, it was important to remember that lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, cutting out smoking and maintaining a healthy weight also play a vital role in reducing the risk," said Ruth Loos, who led the study.

来源：资阳报