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BEIJING, March 26 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank governor has spoken highly of the government's rapid responses to the current global financial crisis, featuring decisively adopting a proactive fiscal policy and an adaptively easing monetary policy, and launching a bundle of timely, targeted and temporary policies and measures.     The prompt, decisive and effective policy measures adopted by the Chinese government demonstrates "its superior system advantage when it comes to making vital policy decisions," says Zhou Xiaochuan, president of the People's Bank of China (PBC), in an article entitled "Changing Pro-cyclicality for Financial and Economic Stability."     It is Zhou's third article published on the central bank's official website (WWW.PBC.GOV.CN) this week to discuss the issue of the current global financial crisis. His first and second articles, published on Monday and Tuesday, are entitled "Reform the International Monetary System" and "On Savings Ratio," respectively.     In the third article, the 61-year old central bank governor tries to find out the root causes for the current financial crisis, including but not limited to lessons on monetary policy, financial sector regulations, accounting rules.     The top Chinese banker says he wants to stimulate debate and discussions on some of the pro-cyclical features in the system, possible remedial measures, and how monetary and fiscal authorities can play their professional roles at times of severe market distress.     "Financial crises normally originate in the accumulation of bubbles and their subsequent bursts. Usually, economists pay a lot of attentions to pro-cyclicality on the macro level.     However, on the micro level, there are quite a number of notable pro-cyclical features embedded in the market structure today, which should be addressed as we deal with the current crisis and reform the financial system," he says.     Zhou suggests that in the current market structure, more counter-cyclical mechanisms or negative feedback loops on micro-level should be put in place to sustain a more stable financial system.     In the article, he notes that rating problems and herding phenomenon arise from outsourcing.     The global financial system relies heavily on the external credit ratings for investment decisions and risk management, giving rise to a prominent feature of pro-cyclicality, according to the central bank governor.     "Economic upswings produce euphoria and downturns generate pessimism," he says, "Many market players adopting ratings from the three agencies and using them as the yardstick for operations and internal performance assessments clearly result in a massive "herd behavior" at the institutional level."     Zhou points out that some market players seem to have forgotten that the ratings are no more than indicators of default probabilities based on past experiences but were never meant to be guarantees for the future, he says. "Once problems take place, as we have seen during the current crisis, fingers are pointed to the rating agencies," he says.     He suggests that financial institutions should try to rely more on internal rating in assessing risks.     He calls for giving full play to the professional role of authorities in maintaining overall financial stability and establishing a counter-cyclical mechanism for capital requirement     "To stabilize markets under severe stress, finance ministries and central banks need to act fast and apply extraordinary measures," he says, "Untimely or delayed response falls behind the curve and would make the outcome less than desired even if the response is correct and strong."     In modern Western societies, a prolonged political process for mandates to finance ministries or central banks often miss the best timing for action, Zhou says, adding, "We have observed such cases during the current crisis."     He suggests that governments and legislatures may consider giving pre-authorized mandates to ministries of finance and central banks to use extraordinary means to contain systemic risk under well-defined stress scenarios, in order to allow them to act boldly and expeditiously without having to go through a lengthy or even painful approval process.     "Such systematic pre-authorized mandates would put the specialized expertise of finance ministries and central banks to the best use when markets need it the most," he stresses.     The central bank governor attributes China's current success in easing the impacts of the crisis to the country's financial sector reform and ongoing macroeconomic stimulus measures     In 2003, fully aware of the systemic vulnerabilities of China's banking industry, the Chinese government made a courageous and strategic decision to restructure the four state-owned commercial banks, says Zhou, who took over as the PBC governor in late 2002.     In the article, Zhou gives a look back on the reforms of the country's major banks and security industry.     But he warns, "We should bear in mind that despite the notable achievements in banking reform, the major banks have not gone through a full business cycle and still have much to improve. An economic slowdown will be the ultimate stress test for the robustness of the banks' strengths."     According to the bank governor, irrespective of China's sound financial sector, the Chinese economy, especially the export sector, has felt the impact brought by the slowdown of the global economy.     He praises the Chinese government for its plans to stimulate domestic demand and promote stable and relatively rapid economic growth, including the extra investment of 4 trillion yuan (685 billion U.S. dollars) in over two years, the ten measures to revitalize the industrial sectors, and other bolster measures to increase money supply, promote employment, reform taxes and medical and healthcare system.     "Having taken the above-mentioned measures, China expect to maintain stable economic growth by boosting domestic demand and reducing dependence on external demand, thus serving as a stabilizing force in global economy," Zhou says.     In overall, the macroeconomic measures have produced preliminary result and some leading indicators are pointing to recovery of economic growth, indicating that rapid decline in growth has been curbed, he concludes.

WASHINGTON, March 19 (Xinhua) -- The United States and China on Thursday agreed to continue to use and further develop those regular exchange mechanisms established before to facilitate parliamentary exchanges between the two countries.     The consensus was reached during a meeting between Speaker Nancy Pelosi of the U.S. House of Representatives and a delegation of China's National People's Congress (NPC), headed by Chairman Li Zhaoxing of the NPC Foreign Affairs Committee.     Both sides spoke positively of the important roles that the Congress and NPC have played in the growth of China-U.S. relationship through inter-parliamentary exchanges and cooperation.     The two sides also exchanged views over issues of common concern such as energy and climate change.

BEIJING, March 22 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang said here Sunday China is confident and capable of achieving its 2009 economic targets and will strengthen cooperation with the international community to fight the global financial crisis.     Despite the financial crisis impact that increased difficulties for economic operations, "the fundamentals of Chinese economy and its good outlook in the long term have not changed," said Li at the opening of the China Development Forum 2009.     China has set an 8-percent target for annual economic expansion this year after diminishing foreign orders dented exports and slowed growth to a seven-year low of 9 percent year-on-year in 2008.     To boost domestic consumption and growth, the government will exert itself to tackle issues of immediate concern to ordinary Chinese citizens such as employment, education, health care, housing and environmental protection, said Li. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang addresses the opening ceremony of the China Development Forum 2009 in Beijing, capital of China, March 22, 2009    The country will speed up the building of a social security system covering both urban and rural residents and gradually perfect the social safety net that guarantees people's basic livelihood, he said. "This helps adjust income distribution and raise people's spending capabilities."     In addition, Li pledged stronger moves in reforming pricing, taxation and financial mechanisms to remove "institutional barriers" on the way of development.     Reform plans must be well-implemented, said Li. They included an 850 billion-yuan (124 billion U.S. dollars) medical reform plan and a comprehensive value-added tax (VAT) reform to cut enterprise and individual burdens by approximately 500 billion yuan this year.     Li also promised to maintain a stable scale of foreign trade and use of foreign capital, saying China will further open up and make use of markets and resources both at home and abroad.     China's foreign direct investment fell for the fifth consecutive month in February to 5.83 billion U.S. dollars, down 15.81 percent year-on-year. Its foreign trade was 124.95 billion U.S. dollars last month, down 24.9 percent year-on-year.     "While managing its own affairs well, China is willing to join hands with other countries and play an active role in international cooperation against the financial crisis," said Li.     The continuous growth of China's economy not only concerns the wellbeing of 1.3 billion Chinese but is also a great contribution to the world economy, he told the forum.     He called on all countries to take actions together to promote future growth of the world economy, saying the crisis should bring about "profound thinking about the world economic development and the human kind's future destiny".     People of insight in all countries should dig the deep roots of the global financial crisis and explore effective ways of preventing the crisis from spreading and avoiding a replay of such crises, said Li.     The China Development Forum 2009 runs in Beijing from Saturday to Monday with the theme of China's Development and Reform in the Global Financial Crisis.

BEIJING, April 8 (Xinhua) -- China and Venezuela agreed here Wednesday to step up cooperation in fields such as energy, agriculture, and high technology and take joint actions in the face of the global financial crisis.     The agreement was reached in a meeting between Chinese President Hu Jintao and his visiting Venezuelan counterpart Hugo Chavez. The Chinese Foreign Ministry said the two exchanged in-depth views on bilateral relations and other issues of common concern and reached an important consensus.     Hu highlighted the robust growth of bilateral relations during the meeting, saying that China was satisfied with the positive outcomes from bilateral economic and technological cooperation, progress made on some key projects and close coordination on international and regional issues. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) meets with Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, on April 8, 2009    Hu also suggested the two nations should work closer and boost the various pragmatic cooperation, which would not only help resolve the impact from the international financial crisis, but also be conducive to laying a solid foundation for the long-term development of Sino-Venezuelan relations.     China highly values its ties with Venezuela and will join hands with the Venezuelan side to make efforts to push forward the bilateral strategic partnership to a higher level, Hu said.     Echoing Hu's views on bilateral relations, Chavez also applauded the progress made on bilateral cooperation in energy, agriculture, industry and technology.     He especially mentioned the successful launch and delivery of Venezuela's first telecommunication satellite thanks to cooperation with China.     Chavez noted that the world order is undergoing a profound change and China already played a significant and positive role in an effort to address the challenges posed by the international economic turmoil.     Venezuela is willing to cement its cooperation with China in such a new international context, the Venezuelan president added.     As Hu's guest, Chavez arrived in Beijing on Tuesday night for a three-day working visit.     He will also meet Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping during the visit, which is his sixth to China.

NAIROBI, Feb. 8 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao will pay state visits to the African countries of Mali, Senegal, Tanzania and Mauritius in mid-February, his second trip to the continent in search for closer cooperation since the 2006 Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation.     The top-level visit follows a four-nation African tour by Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi in intensified efforts to forge full partnership with Africa.     China and African countries have made great achievements in developing a new type of strategic partnership since the Beijing Summit, with more frequent high-level exchanges.     Three months after the summit, President Hu Jintao embarked an African tour of eight countries initiating the process of implementing the achievements of the summit to benefit the continent. Some senior Chinese officials also went to Africa on friendly missions in 2008.     On African side, more than 20 leaders visited China last year, attending the opening ceremonies of the Beijing Olympics and Paralympics or watching the Olympic Games.     African countries have always been supportive on issues concerning China's core interests since the establishment of diplomatic ties decades ago and offered aid and support to China's quake relief efforts last year, showing the deep friendship between the two sides.     China cherishes the support from the continent and pledges to further implement the achievements of Beijing Summit by helping African countries maintain political stability and boost economic development.     China devised an eight-measure policy to enhance economic and trade cooperation with Africa in 2006 Beijing Summit, including assistance, preferential finance, construction of a conference center for the African Union, debt cancellation, more African market share in China, professional training, and establishment of trade and economic cooperation zones in Africa.     The policy has been effectively carried out with remarkable achievements in the past two years.     By the end of 2008, the China-Africa Fund had invested nearly 400 million U.S. dollars in 20 projects, generating an investment in Africa by Chinese enterprises to about 2 billion dollars.     Bilateral trade hit 106.8 billion dollars in 2008, after exceeding 10 billion dollars in 2000.     The made-in-China brand finds its way into African families, while market share for a variety of African commodities in China has also snowballed.     China has also cancelled part of debts for the most indebted and least developed countries in Africa, at the same time, lifting tariffs on imports from those countries.     In addition, the construction of economic and trade zones or duty free trade zones in Africa is progressing smoothly, including the Zambia-China Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone, the Guangdong Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone in Nigeria and the Lekky Duty Free Trade Zone in Lagos, Nigeria, the Egypt-Suez Economic and Trade Zone and Ethiopian Orient Industrial Park.     Cultural exchanges have also been active and fruitful between the two sides.     African song and dance have gained their audience in China and China's Confucius Institute has also taken root in Africa since its first landing in the University of Nairobi, Kenya, in December 2005.     Cooperation and exchanges between China and Africa have enhanced friendship and understanding between the two peoples.     Malian President Amadou Toumany Toure, whose country is the first in sub-Saharan Africa to establish diplomatic ties with China, applauded the Chinese President's upcoming visit, hoping it will bring bilateral cooperation to a new height.     Mali will warmly welcome President Hu, Toure said, adding that he will invite Hu to attend the inauguration of a China-aid bridge project in the country's capital Bamako.     Senegal is also looking forward to Hu's visit. Abdoulaye Balde, spokesman for the presidential office, said his country was bracing itself for the first visit by a Chinese head of state since the two countries resumed diplomatic ties three years ago.     Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade visited China twice in 2006 in a bid to boost bilateral ties, Balde said, expressing his belief that the top-level exchange would give impetus to the development of strategic partnership between the two countries.     Officials in Tanzania and Mauritius also welcome Hu's upcoming visits, hoping to further enhance cooperation with China, which they see as a rising power that will benefit Africa as well as other developing nations.