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Tuition bills are coming due, and while millions of students across the country are weighing the risks of going back to college in the middle of a pandemic, the most financially strapped students carry an added burden of dwindling aid.For Americans living in the lowest income brackets, college represents a way up the socioeconomic ladder. But getting there and obtaining a degree is not easy, especially for students without financial means. The Pell Grant has historically removed some of the obstacles for the most at-need students. But alongside the skyrocketing cost of higher education, the federal grant is having less and less of an impact.The Pell Grant is the largest source of postsecondary education grant aid, helping to fund higher education for at-need students since 1973. In its budget proposal for the 2020-21 school year, the U.S. Department of Education anticipated giving Pell Grants to 6.8 million at-need students, to the tune of .6 billion.How much each student qualifies for depends on their expected family contribution, or how much the federal government says they should be able to contribute toward their own education. Those with the most financial need could qualify for the maximum allowable grant amount: ,345 in the 2020-21 academic year.That authorized maximum amount has grown from ,400 in the Pell Grant’s early years. Despite this growth, it has failed to keep pace with the ballooning costs of a college education.In the past 20 years, average tuition and fees at public four-year institutions (the most affordable type conferring bachelor degrees) have more than doubled, to ,440, while maximum Pell Grant awards have only grown 29%. And tuition isn’t everything — room and board, books and living expenses come at an additional cost.As recently as 2002, the most at-need students would nearly be able to cover their entire tuition and fees at these lower-cost institutions by qualifying for the maximum Pell Grant. But now, those qualifying for maximum Pell awards would find it covers just 59%.Not only has the Pell Grant not kept pace with college costs, it hasn’t kept pace with inflation. To have the same buying power as ,400 did in the grant’s early days, the maximum award amount would need to be about ,000 today.Loans likely filling the funding gapAccording to data from the most recent National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, 90% of dependent full-time undergraduates from households in the lowest income quartile received a Pell Grant in 2016. Among independent undergraduates in that income bracket, 64% received the grant.State and institutional need-based grants may be picking up some of the slack. State need-based grants went to 27% of all full-time students at public four-year institutions in 2016. Need-based grants from institutions went to 17%. But some 57% of students in this lowest income group took out student loans that year.While the Pell Grant typically accounted for 34% of a low-income undergraduate’s total aid in 2016, loans accounted for 44%.Gone are the days when a student’s job (or jobs) could cover their college costs. When grants and scholarships — free money — aren’t enough to cover the costs of education, those from households without college savings have little choice but to turn to borrowing. But student loan debt can be detrimental to lower-income students. A degree can confer higher earning potential, but for a variety of reasons — some of them financial — students in the lowest income brackets are typically the least likely to graduate, according to data from the U.S. Department of Education.Low-income parents also feeling the stingWhen a dependent student has exhausted grants and federal loan limits themselves, they can tap their parents’ borrowing potential.Parent PLUS loans have been around since 1980, allowing parents to borrow up to the difference between the entire cost of attendance and the aid directly awarded to their student. Borrowers must pass a credit check, but there are no income requirements. As of the second quarter of 2020, these loans account for billion or over 6% of all federal student loans outstanding, according to the Department of Education.In 2016, 11% of dependent full-time students in the lowest income quartile at public four-year institutions benefited from federal parent PLUS loans, according to the NPSAS. That’s compared to just 3% in 1996. These loans typically amounted to ,500 in 2016.Federal PLUS loans come with higher interest rates and fewer repayment options than federal student loans. In the 2020-21 school year, PLUS loans are being offered at 5.3% interest compared with 2.75% for federal undergraduate loans. And should a parent run into difficulties repaying the loans — as they increasingly do, according to an analysis from the Brookings Institution — there is only one income-driven plan available. Income-Contingent Repayment plans lower monthly payments by capping them at a percentage of income, but increase the total amount paid over the life of the loan due to interest and an increased term length.What students can doBarring significant increases in need-based aid or significant decreases in college costs, lower-income students and their parents will often have to continue cobbling together their college funds from a variety of sources.The following tips are applicable for anyone who doesn’t have their entire cost of college covered:Maximize free money. Fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, on time — every year. It’s how you access federal, state and institutional financial aid. Apply for scholarships every year, and only turn to loans when free money is exhausted.Be strategic about borrowing. Borrow only what’s needed and opt for federal student loans whenever possible. Carefully weigh the risks of borrowing a parent PLUS loan versus a private student loan, should education expenses exceed what you can qualify for.Compare costs across institutions. Don’t commit too quickly — weigh all costs associated with attending various schools, and consider starting your college career at a lower-cost community college.Earn while you learn. Look into the work-study program or a part-time job to earn money while in school.Stay committed. Seek out resources on and off campus to stay engaged and enrolled. Leaving college without the increased earning power of a degree makes student loan debt that much harder to pay off.More From NerdWalletHow a Gap Year Might Haunt You FinanciallyDon’t Wait to Refinance These Student Loans‘Shadow’ Lenders Can Leave College Students in the DarkElizabeth Renter is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: elizabeth@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @elizabethrenter. 6721

Two Kansas girls whose disappearance from a Kansas home triggered a multi-state Amber Alert on Saturday were found safe in Oklahoma.The Oklahoma Highway Patrol said Saturday night that it has recovered the girls and taken their father, 40-year-old Donny Jackson of Leavenworth, Kansas, into custody.Earlier on Saturday, The Kansas Bureau of Investigation said that Jackson may have been involved in the homicides of two other children, who were found dead at the home from where the girls had been abducted.The Leavenworth County Sheriff's Office responded to a call at a home around 1 p.m. local time Saturday, where deputies located two deceased juvenile males and discovered two young girls were missing.It's unknown exactly when the double homicide or the abduction occurred. Deputies were called to the home after someone made a 911 call upon discovering the homicide scene.The Kansas Highway Patrol said it made an "unrelated car stop" on Jackson's vehicle near the Kansas-Oklahoma border at 12:35 p.m. local time — just before the children were reported missing.This story was originally published by Kari Williams on KSHB in Kansas City, Missouri. 1163

TUCSON, Ariz. — Archeologists from the University of Arizona and Stanford University along with archeologists from Italy have discovered a 10-year-old's body at an ancient Roman site suggesting the child was given a "vampire burial" to prevent the child coming back from the dead.The skeletal remains included a skull with a rock intentionally inserted into the mouth. Researchers believe the stone may have been placed there as part of a funeral ritual to contain a disease like malaria."I have never seen anything like it. It's extremely eerie and weird," said David Soren, a Univeristy of Arizona archeologist.The discovery was made at La Necropoli dei Bambini, or the Cemetery of the Babies.The cemetery dates back to the mid-fifth century when a deadly malaria outbreak swept the area, killing many young children and babies.Until now, archeologists believed the cemetery was designed for infants, toddlers and unborn fetuses. In previous excavations, a 3-year-old girl was the oldest child found.Now, archeologists are looking into whether the cemetery was used for older children too."There are still sections of the cemetery that haven't been excavated yet, so we don't know if we'll find older kids," said Jordan Wilson, a bioarcheologist with the University of Arizona. In previous excavations, archeologists found signs of witchcraft, including toad bones, raven talons and bronze cauldrons."We know that the Romans were very much concerned with this and would even to the extent of employing witchcraft to keep the evil — whatever is contaminating the body — from coming out," Soren said.Although the body will undergo DNA testing, the child had an abscessed tooth, which is a side effect of malaria, that suggests the child may have died because of the disease.Archeologists believe the rock was intentionally inserted after death because of the position of the jaw.These types of burials are called "vampire burials" since they are associated with the belief that the dead could rise again. 2062

Two days after President Donald Trump told the right-wing hate group Proud Boys to “stand back and stand by” when asked to denounce white supremacists, his lack of a clear denouncement is still making news.His spokesperson, Kayleigh McEnany, in her first briefing to reporters since Tuesday’s debate, also seemed to avoid a direct statement condemning these groups.John Roberts, a reporter from Fox News, asked McEnany, “I’d like to ask you for a definitive and declarative statement, without ambiguity or deflection, as the person who speaks for the president, does the president denounce white supremacism and groups that espouse it in all its forms?”She responded that the president has answered the question already. She then read past statements from President Trump dating from 2017, 2018 and in 2019 in which he stated “in one voice our nation must condemn racism, bigotry, and white supremacy.”Roberts pressed McEnany, “Just to clear it up this morning, can you, naming it, can you make a declarative statement that the president denounces it.”“The president has denounced white supremacy, the KKK and hate groups in all forms,” McEnany responded, eluding to previous statements from the president and offering to email them to Roberts.During Tuesday’s presidential debate, moderator Chris Wallace asked the president if he would denounce white supremacists and hate groups. President Trump initially responded “Sure.” Wallace pressed and asked the president to say it.“I would say almost everything I see is from the left wing, not the right wing,” Trump responded. “I’m willing to do anything. I want to see peace.”When pressed further, Trump said, “What do you want to call them? Give me a name. Give me a name?” Finally, the Proud Boys group was suggested.The president then said, “Proud Boys — Stand back, stand by. But I’ll tell you what, somebody’s got to do something about antifa and the left because this is not a right-wing problem..... This is a left wing problem."Then on Wednesday, when asked to clarify his statements and given an opportunity to condemn white supremacists, President Trump told reporters he doesn’t know who the Proud Boys are.“I don’t know who Proud Boys are, but whoever they are, they have to stand down and let law enforcement do their work,” he said,FBI Director Christopher Wray told lawmakers antifa is an ideology, not an organization. This contradicts Trump, who has said he wants to designate antifa as a terror group.“We don’t really think of threats in terms of left, right, at the FBI. We’re focused on the violence, not the ideology,” he said later.The FBI director said during the mid-September hearing, racially motivated violent extremists, such as white supremacists, have been responsible for the most lethal attacks in the U.S. in recent years. But this year the most lethal violence has come from anti-government activists, such as anarchists and militia-types, Wray said.The Proud Boys are a group that is designated as a "hate group" by the Southern Poverty Law Center. The Proud Boys embrace political violence against leftists. The group has battled with Black Lives Matter protesters in Oregon throughout the summer. The New York Times also reports that the group instigated violence against self-described anti-fascists in New York in 2018.Vice reports that some Proud Boys members took the President's call to "stand back and stand by" as validation to continue battling leftists in Portland. On right-wing message boards like 4chan and on the encrypted messaging app Telegram, members rejoiced and embraced the president's comments. 3609

Tyler Childers debuted his new album "Long Violent History" Friday, a surprise release tackling racial injustice in the United States.The album consists of eight instrumental tracks meant to create a soundscape leading up to the title track that the singer-songwriter said “reflects the times we are in.”“I planned to package it as an old-time fiddle album and let the piece make its statement on its own, taking the listener by surprise at the end,” he said in a six-minute video accompanying the new album. 516

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