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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — With hospital beds running short, healthcare workers are trying to care for COVID-19 patients as efficiently as possible, using everything they’ve learned over the last nine months.Improvements in medications and methods have helped shorten hospital stays, said Sharp Memorial Hospital chief medical officer Dr. Tom Lawrie.In March, Sharp said COVID-19 patients stayed 12 days in the hospital on average. In November, the average dropped to 5.3 days. Other institutions have reported similar drops in the length of patient stays.COVID-19 patients now receive a three drug regimen: Remdesivir to fight the virus, a powerful steroid called dexamethasone to prevent the immune system from going haywire, and medications like heparin to reduce blood clotting.On top of that, hospitals have improved techniques like when to use ventilators.“Initially, we were in this conundrum where we weren't sure whether we should intubate patients early or whether we should wait a little later,” Dr. Lawrie said. “Over the last several months we've figured out a really good progression.”The progression now starts with a surprisingly simple technique called proning. Doctors around the country discovered that turning COVID-19 patients onto their stomachs rapidly improved breathing.Early research suggests proning may keep COVID patients off ventilators.“By putting people on their stomach in these positions and by proning them, you allow blood to get where the air is and therefore you get better oxygenation,” Dr. Lawrie said. “It makes the oxygen levels better. It makes their work of breathing better. It makes them feel better generally.”Proning helps move blood from one area of the lung to another where it can receive more oxygen. These regions are called West’s zones of the lung, named after research in the 1960’s by UC San Diego Professor Emeritus John B. West.Proning has been used as a medical intervention since 1976, when a doctor and a nurse in central Michigan published a study showing it could benefit patients in respiratory distress.Dr. Lawrie said there are also two outside factors contributing to shorter hospital stays across the country. The patients that are showing up now tend to be younger than early in the pandemic. Younger patients are more likely to respond well to treatment.There’s also evidence the virus has mutated over time, possibly making it more contagious but slightly less severe, Dr. Lawrie said.However, patients lately have been showing up faster than hospitals can care for them, threatening to overwhelm already crowded facilities. "If that happens, they won't have access to an ICU bed or to the medications that they need," he said. 2699

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — UC San Diego says it plans to begin repopulating its campus this summer, with about 30% of courses being held in person this fall.The campus says in-person classes will be limited to less than 50 students per class or 50% classroom capacity, whichever is lower. Any classes with more than 50 students enrolled will be offered remotely.Some classes will also be held in a hybrid format. The fall quarter is set to begin on Sept. 28, with student arrivals to campus being staggered to protect the capacity for testing."We aim to mitigate risk in a way that will allow UC San Diego to provide an environment for learning and offer a university experience that our students expect," said Chancellor Pradeep Khosla. "As one of the nation’s leading research universities, we have risen to meet difficult circumstances and responded with innovation every step of the way."For students attending in-person classes, facial coverings will be required, according to the school. Students will also be tested for COVID-19 monthly and when moving in on campus.UCSD plans to offer regular coronavirus testing to students, faculty, and staff, with higher frequency in testing for those who are at higher risk for infection. The campus says there will be no cost for asymptomatic or symptomatic testing for students, faculty, and staff when done at a UC San Diego Health location or through Student Health Services.“Our adaptive model considers the most current science on transmission and infection risk and will drive our determinations on the testing frequency of our various campus populations,” said project lead Natasha Martin, associate professor of medicine at UC San Diego School of Medicine. “We wanted a simple, easy testing process which can be delivered at scale in the fall to ensure widespread testing for early outbreak detection.“Our simulations indicate that if more than 75 percent of the population were tested per month, we would be able to detect an outbreak before there are 10 detectable infections on campus,” she said.Students aren't thrilled at the impact the coronavirus is having on their college experience."You can't really make new friends and meet new people and do many projects strictly online," Dylan Nelson said. He will be an incoming Junior at UC San Diego. This summer his internship in New York was also put on hold due to the pandemic, but he's finding the silver lining."Fortunately all [my classes are] computer based classes, so a lot of that was going to be online anyway so it's not too hard to adapt," adding, "as a Junior I think it's tough but not the worst, I feel bad for all the Seniors going in right now because you're missing out on potentially really big classes."ABC 10News asked if he would feel comfortable returning to class wearing a face covering, "for me personally no, I think for other people in certain classes they might want the more in person aspect."Nelson is hopeful for the future, saying this to his fellow Tritons, "hang in there and stay safe or this may be even longer than we want it to be." 3079

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- We’ve known for a while that COVID-19 hits people over 65 especially hard, but a study published Wednesday from researchers in San Diego offers new insight into why that happens.The numbers are staggering: if you’re 65 or older, your risk of winding up in the hospital from COVID-19 is five to 11 times higher than someone under 30. Your risk of death is at least 90 times higher, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Researchers at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology say the reason why older people fare so much worse appears to be from a lack of T-cells, a type of white blood cell that can decline with age.“Some viruses get controlled by one part of the immune system. Some viruses get controlled by another. In this case it seems that T-cells really do a lot of the work,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, one of the authors of the study published Wednesday in the journal Cell.Dr. Crotty and his colleagues looked at 50 people infected with the virus, and they measured the three elements of the adaptive immune system in detail: antibodies, helper T-cells and killer T-cells.Then they compared the measurements to how people fared against the virus. Some patients in the study group had severe cases, others had mild infections.The researchers found that people with all three branches of the adaptive immune system tended to fully recover. People with severe cases of the virus often lacked one or more of the immune branches, and it was particularly evident in older people.“Our data indicated that of the older individuals, it was particularly the ones that had fewer T-cells to start that look like they really struggled to control this virus,” Dr. Crotty said.As we age, we have fewer T-cells to send after invading pathogens. “That collection of T-cells gets smaller. So it’s harder to recognize a new virus,” Crotty said.Among the 748 deaths in San Diego County reported as of Wednesday, 87% were people aged 60 and older.The findings from LJI may have implications in the search for a vaccine against COVID-19. The data suggests that vaccine-makers may want to target a drug that elicits all three branches of the immune response, Dr. Crotty said. Some vaccine approaches, such as inactivated virus vaccines, only elicit two of three branches, not killer T-cells. However, Crotty said it was too soon to rule any candidates. Two strong branches produced by a vaccine could potentially cover for the lack of a third, he said.Crotty said the findings could help vaccine-makers interpret results from the clinical trials and find the right dosing.“Is a given vaccine a good vaccine, and you just need a booster immunization?” he said. “Does it work well in one population but it doesn’t help in the elderly because it doesn’t generate a T-cell response, for example? Those are the scenarios when this type of knowledge will come into play.” 2906

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Unions were the big winners as the San Diego Airport Authority decided to require contractors to enter into a project labor agreement in a 5-3 vote. PLA’s entail that unions will not strike and the airport will in turn run all the work through labor unions. Opposition to the PLA says they are worried the project will be even more costly to accommodate union dues and that non-union local workers will be excluded from the job. “It’s completely unfair,” said Steve Stroder, who represents” [they] are being told they can’t work on a project in San Diego.” Unions say their track record of completing marquee jobs on time like the county courthouse and under budget speaks for itself. “I mean we’ve proven that we can do this work,” said Keith Maddox of the San Diego Imperial Counties Labor Council, ”our workers are local.” The vote will be made after several hours of public testimony. 916

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Two San Diego beaches have made TripAdvisor’s list of top 25 beaches in 2018. Pacific Beach came in at number 20 on the list followed by La Jolla Shores Park at 22.62 percent of people who rated Pacific Beach on the site rated it as excellent while 64 percent of people rated La Jolla Shores as excellent.RELATED: AAA's top rated restaurants, hotels in San Diego CountyThe beach at the top of this year’s list is Clearwater Beach in Florida. Check out TripAdvisor's list of top ten beaches in the U.S.: 550