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LAKEWOOD RANCH, Fla. — When Lorenzo Liberti met a Vietnam veteran while serving food to the homeless with his church, he says it changed his life."What mattered was that he was a veteran and now he’s homeless. I’m better off than him and I haven’t ever served a day in my life. It made me really realize how much I owed to people like him," said Liberti. 362
Last year's seasonal flu vaccine effectiveness was just 42%, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated. Even if vaccinated, then, people had inadequate protection against the flu.This limited effectiveness was due to a mutation that occurred in the influenza A (H3N2) vaccine strain, according to a new study published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. This vaccine mutation resulted from an egg-based manufacturing process commonly used today.This year's flu vaccine may also be imperfect, said Scott Hensley, author of the new study and an associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Add to that, he said, "this could end up being a pretty bad flu season."Still, he said, "our best protection" against severe illness is getting vaccinated with the flu shot we have today.Finding answersEach year before flu season begins, a vaccine is made based on whichever virus strains are expected to circulate. The selected seed strains are distributed to vaccine manufacturers which then produce their formulations and make them available to health care professionals before the season begins.During the 2015-16 season, vaccine effectiveness was 47%, while for the previous 2014-15 season, effectiveness was just 19%, according to the CDC. While the overall effectiveness of last season's vaccine was 42%, it was only 34% effective against the H3N2 viruses that dominated the season.Vaccine effectiveness varies based on how well it matches the circulating virus strains. Sometimes, a vaccine corresponds to the predominant virus yet its effectiveness is still not what scientists would expect. Trying to understand which element of the vaccine failed is difficult.Hensley and his team began their investigation of last year's vaccine by looking at the seed strains that had been distributed to vaccine manufacturers. These seed strains had been propagated in chicken eggs, the common method used today."The sequences of these viruses are available and when we did an alignment to see what the sequence of these vaccines were compared to the viruses that were circulating, it became very obvious that there was this mutation," said Hensley.To see the effects of the mutation, the team next looked at how the immune systems of both animals and humans who'd been inoculated with an egg-based flu vaccine responded to the actual circulating viruses.The antibodies -- immune system proteins that fight invading pathogens -- elicited in both animals and humans failed to bind to and neutralize the flu viruses, Hensley and his colleagues found.While most vaccines in the United States are made in chicken eggs, a small fraction are produced in insects or mammalian cells, Hensley explained. (These are given to people with egg allergies.) He and his team compared immune responses in animals and humans who had received a cell-based vaccine -- in this case, Flublok made by Protein Sciences Corporation."And we found both animals and humans receiving that (cell-based) vaccine had superior antibody responses that could bind and neutralize these circulating H3N2 strains," said Hensley.Making a better vaccine"Most of the infrastructure to produce vaccines in the US is based on chicken eggs," said Hensley. There are good reasons for this, including the fact that egg-based propagation allows manufacturers to quickly produce large quantities of vaccine.While egg adaptations have always been a problem, beginning last year it had become a "huge problem," said Hensley. "As soon as you try to grow this virus in eggs, within a few hours, the virus will acquire this kind of mutation."This is not an easy problem to fix, he said. To produce vaccines in cells means "a very expensive process for companies to just change their overall manufacturing process," Hensley explained. "You can't really do that on the drop of a dime."Meanwhile, the same seed strains used last year are being used this year to make the current vaccine, said Hensley."This year may be especially difficult because, in addition to this egg adaptive mutation which was present last year, there's indication that the H3N2 viruses are actually evolving," said Hensley.Not only will the vaccine be a mismatch with the actual circulating viruses due to egg adaptation but the vaccine could also be a mismatch due to unexpected viral evolution.What kind of flu season is ahead?It's too early to speculate which viruses will become dominant in the United States over the course of the coming flu season, said Hensley, "but it's starting to look like it will be H3 viruses." H3 viruses are influenza A viruses."There are the A group of viruses and the B groups," said Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt University. "The A groups are the ones that usually are responsible for large epidemics ... whereas the B flu strains usually smolder along. They always cause illness -- it can be just as severe as the A strains -- but they don't produce large outbreaks."Though last year's vaccine was mostly ineffective in thwarting the flu, it still prevented nearly 30% of hospitalizations that might have resulted, according to CDC calculations. For older adults, that rate was even higher, at 37%. Plus, the vaccine reduced outpatient visits by 42% last season.The CDC advises everyone 6 months and older to get a flu shot, as only injectable flu vaccines are recommended. More than 130 million doses of flu vaccine have been distributed so far this year and flu activity is still low across the nation.It's still early days, but experts believe we may be facing a tough season, and not only because of vaccine concerns.The reason?Australia had a tough flu season this year, with a total of 215,280 laboratory-confirmed cases and 504 flu-associated deaths reported to its National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System as of October 13, government data show. According to a surveillance system report, adults over the age of 80 and children between 5 and 9 years old have been most affected."In general, we get in our season what the Southern Hemisphere got in the season immediately preceding us," Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the United States' National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said in an interview last month.An "intelligent guess," therefore, is that the Northern Hemisphere, like the Southern Hemisphere, will likely battle more cases of the viral infection, he said, though "with influenza, it is never 100%.""If H3N2 viruses dominate the US flu season again this year, vaccine effectiveness will likely be moderate to low again," said Hensley.Still, he said, everyone should get their annual flu shot."The other components of the vaccine, like H1N1 and influenza B, will likely provide excellent protection," said Hensley. "The vaccine will also likely prevent severe disease and death caused by H3N2 viruses, even though this component of the vaccine is mismatched." 6969

LAKELAND, Fla. — A 90-year-old man dressed in full protective gear so he could say his final goodbyes to his wife of nearly 30 years.Sam Reck had been separated from his wife, JoAnn Reck, during the pandemic after the state placed a ban on visitors at nursing homes.He was reunited with his wife at a hospital in the Tampa area shortly before she died of COVID-19."Here's this 90-year-old man, he did risk his life to go see my mom, but that was his choice, that's his freedom to do that. He knew what he was risking," said Scott Hooper.Scott Hooper also dressed in personal protective gear so he could say goodbye to his 86-year-old mother. His family recorded the moments his stepdad said goodbye to their mom."It was my wife who recorded the video and I remember everyone in the room was crying. I remember looking at my wife, she was crying so hard, she could barely hold the camera. It was a very emotional moment," said Hooper.Hooper said his mother lived in a skilled nursing area. His stepdad lived in a nearby apartment. The couple was known as "Romeo and Juliet."The two would schedule distant visits during the pandemic after the state stopped visitors from coming into nursing homes.Sam would sit outside his second-floor apartment balcony then JoAnn would talk to him from a garden below.Hooper says his mother contracted COVID-19 last week and developed a fever, cough and fatigue."COVID was hitting her so hard and so fast," he said.Hooper said doctors said they could put his mother on a ventilator, but it would be a very painful procedure and her quality of life could be worse than before.JoAnn was diagnosed with dementia about a year ago."Anyone who has dealt with it knows what I am talking about because they don't always remember you or know the situation they're in or they think something weird is happening and you try to tell them it's not," said Hooper."It was the hardest decision, we ever made. We talked about it for a long time, but we decided to go to palliative care."JoAnn raised three children, including a daughter who died before her. She leaves behind grandchildren and great-grandchildren."She was a very giving person. She was always there to help people, always wanted to help people," said Hooper.This story originally reported by Julie Salomone on abcactionnews.com. 2319
LAS VEGAS — A Las Vegas couple is trying an unusual solution for rising rental costs — living out of their van by choice, and saving more than ,000 per month.The lifestyle is called "Van Life" and it is exactly what it sounds like.Lawrence and Liz Heller say the van life comes rent free and without utility bills but, instead, their major monthly expenses include their car payment, insurance and gasoline.The Hellers and their three dogs squeezed into the couple's 2011 Volkswagen Routan after Lawrence lost his job following an injury in August.The Hellers say the unfortunate situation left them with a difficult decision — use Liz's entire disability income on rent which would leave them nothing left over, or come up with a different plan.Las Vegas and Clark County routinely rank among the highest of per capita homeless in the country.Liz says the couple had been considering the purchase of an RV but the initial down payment was more than they could afford.Liz says moving to another apartment was not feasible due to rising rent costs which are now more than 0?on average per month in the Las Vegas valley.The Hellers began researching and found a variety of websites, discussion boards and YouTube videos that provide a wealth of information on the topic."After everything that had gone on, we opted for the van life," said Lawrence.The Hellers say the transition was rough at first."It looks like a typical so-called soccer mom van but in reality, behind those tinted windows, people are living," said Lawrence.The couple says they had to dramatically downsize which included giving away some family heirlooms.They are renting a storage unit, a mailbox that provides a physical address and re-homed their cats."We do not have an electric bill, we do not have rent," Liz said. "All we have is our car payment, car insurance, storage and our mailbox."The Hellers say the van life certainly comes with its disadvantage: public restrooms, truck stops for showers and not being able to cook.The couple says when it comes to surviving the elements, they keep their van running to keep them cool in the summer and warm in the winter.Liz and Lawrence say the "Van Life" is not permanent for them and some day they would like to save up enough money for an RV of their own.In the meantime, they say they do not qualify for many government programs or additional assistance because they do not have children.The Hellers say many programs, such as Section 8 housing vouchers, have long wait lists or are simply out of money."When people define the word homeless, people say 'well, you don't have a home to go to,' " said Lawrence. "That is correct, but at the same time, you kind of do." 2793
LA MESA, Calif. (KGTV) -- Protesters gathered at the La Mesa Police Department Tuesday evening, once again calling for more transparency and accountability from the department. The protest came just a few days after the department announced that former LMPD officer Matt Dages was no longer employed with the department. Dages was the officer caught on video during the arrest of Amaurie Johnson in May. The charges against Johnson were later dropped. Activists say the department's statement about Dages' employment was vague. They want the former officer charged and arrested.In a press conference hours before the protest, Johnson said he wants equality and will keep fighting for change until it happens. The protest remained peaceful; officers did detain a counter-protester but later told ABC 10News he was released after determining no crime had been committed. 877
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