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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In their push to reopen schools, some political supporters of President Donald Trump have cited COVID-19 research from a group of San Diego scientists, claiming it’s evidence we could be close to herd immunity from the virus.But one of the authors of that research says that conclusion is way off.One of the most prominent supporters of the herd immunity conjecture is Dr. Scott Atlas, a neuroradiologist and senior fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution who became an adviser to President Trump this month.“There’s a pretty good chance that herd immunity requires way less infections because of existing immunity out there,” Atlas said in a livestream conversation with San Diego County Supervisor Jim Desmond. “It actually may have already been reached in places like New York. We don’t know, but it’s possible.”Herd immunity is the level of protection needed to effectively stop the virus from circulating, thought to be about 70 percent of the population. The “existing immunity” to which Atlas is referring has to do with T cells.“It's just a misunderstanding of the science,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, a virologist at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology who co-authored the groundbreaking research on T cells in June.Crotty and his colleagues found that 50 percent of people unexposed to the novel coronavirus had T cells that could recognize it. Scientists refer to this as cross-reactive T cells, and the study was replicated in other countries.Proponents of the herd immunity theory take the number of people infected with the coronavirus, add the number of people with T cells that can recognize the virus, and come up with a number around the herd immunity threshold of 70 percent. But the math doesn’t work that way, according to Crotty, in part because T cells only kick in once a virus has hijacked cells, meaning T cells alone can't stop a pathogen in its tracks.“We’re not saying those 50 percent of people have protection like they’ve already had the virus,” Crotty said. “We’re saying those 50 percent of people have a head start in responding to the virus, which is a good thing but doesn’t affect herd immunity.”Since the novel coronavirus is a new pathogen, scientists did not expect people would have tools in their immune system capable of recognizing it. Unexposed people do not have cross-reactive antibodies, Crotty said.But in a study published this month in Science, Dr. Crotty and his colleagues offered a potential explanation for the surprising T cell results: they found these cross-reactive T cells also recognized four other coronavirus strains that cause common colds.Their theory: the T cells were created in response to other coronaviruses but can recognize SARS-CoV-2 like a distant relative.“It's a memory of a cousin,” Dr. Crotty said.That memory may speed up the body’s immune response, which can normally take about a week for an unknown pathogen, Crotty said. But scientists aren’t sure yet what role T cells actually play in clinical outcomes.“We have no data and and neither does anybody else as to whether these T cells really help or not,” Crotty said.To answer that question, scientists would need blood samples for lots of healthy people and then they would have to closely study individuals who got infected.The La Jolla Institute for Immunology is raising money for that kind of research, Crotty said, but they’re not there yet. 3417

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It's the final countdown for the San Diego Zoo's remaining panda bears.The zoo has launched a three-week farewell celebration for 27-year-old giant panda Bai Yun and her son, 6-year-old Xiao Liwu, before the two are repatriated to China this spring. A goodbye event held Saturday with zoo officials and Chinese Consul General Zhang Ping commemorated the end of the zoo's panda research program.RELATED:San Diego and giant pandas: A match made more than 30 years agoSan Diego Zoo to send pandas Bai Yun and Xiao Liwu to China, likely end panda exhibitThe zoo announced the program would end after more than two decades in partnership with China. No specific reason was given as to what led to the end of the partnership.The final day to see Bai Yun and Xiao Liwu will be April 29.San Diego Zoo Global Chief Operating Officer Shawn Dixon said at the time, “although we are sad to see these pandas go, we have great hopes for the future. Working with our colleagues in China, San Diego Zoo Global is ready to make a commitment for the next stage of our panda program.”Zoo visitors can see the pandas at their habitat leading up to their departure, and the park will be selling special commemorative bells and offering free tags to hang on the Giant Panda Friendship Wall.How you can see the giant pandasThe San Diego Zoo is open daily from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. One-day passes for adults cost and for children ages 3-11. Multi-day visit passes are also available, starting at .60 for adults and .60 for children ages 3-11.Once inside the zoo, head over to Panda Canyon. To do so, hang a right on "Front Street" after entering the park and head toward Bieler Plaza. Take a left a the plaza and follow the road down to the panda exhibit. Or take the skytram over the exhibit, and double back over Bashor Bridge. A stairwell at the end of the bridge will lead to Panda Canyon below. Here's a handy PDF map of the zoo to check out before heading over.Morning panada tours are also offered for two hours daily, from 8:30 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. The tours start before the zoo opens, so guests can check out Bai Yun and Xiao Liwu enjoying breakfast and learn about them while up close. Tours start at 9. More information and tickets are available here.If you can't make it down to the zoo, the park has a giant panda camera feed running online daily.(The article has been updated to reflect the zoo's announcement to extend the panda exhibit by two days until April 29.) 2500

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- It's a question some are grappling with as COVID-19 cases surge across the country.In June, a woman posted a picture of a San Diego barista on Facebook with the caption "Meet Lenen from Starbucks who refused to serve me cause I'm not wearing a mask. Next time I will wait for cops and bring a medical exemption."Someone started a GoFundMe for the Starbucks barista who went viral and has raised 0,000 in donations.Also last month, a woman went on a tirade after being asked to wear a face covering in a Trader Joe's store in North Hollywood.There's no shortage of stories about public debates over face masks.RELATED: New UCSD finding: Wearing masks significantly curbs spread of COVID-19In California, people are required to wear face coverings in most indoor settings and outdoors when physical distancing isn't possible.According to a Pew Research Center study conducted in early June, "Overall, 65% of U.S. adults say that they have personally worn a mask in stores or other businesses all or most of the time in the past month, while 15% say they did this some of the time. Relatively small shares of adults say they hardly ever (9%) or never (7%) wore a mask in the past month, and 4% say they have not gone to these types of places."Reporter Adam Racusin spoke with two doctors in different parts of California to get their take on masks."The primary purpose of wearing a face covering is to protect other people in case you're one of the probably significant number of people who are shedding the virus and not have symptoms," said Dr. Dean Winslow, a professor of medicine at the Stanford University Medical Center.Winslow said the risk of coming into contact with the virus is higher when in indoor settings.RELATED: Some San Diegans push for end of San Diego County face mask requirement"Historically, the major outbreaks we've seen we know where the point source is, and have almost always been indoors," he said."Eventually, the people around us, how healthy they are, is going to come back to haunt us," said Dr. Jyotu Sandhu, Family Medicine, Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group. "So we need to look at mitigating the risk for everybody, and masks – regardless of the type – can reduce the risk of spread.”Sandhu said the goal is to lessen or reduce the spread of COVID-19."They (people) want to hear a black or white answer, are masks good, or are they not good, are they protecting me? Are they not protecting me? And it's really a gray area," he said. "They are protecting you, but they are not 100 percent preventative."So, what's behind the decision not to wear a mask, and what are people thinking?RELATED: 8 mask hacks to follow rules while staying comfortable"What we're talking about is the curtailing of folks’ freedom," said Dr. Saurabh Gupta with Southern Californian Psychology Centers.Gupta said some of the factors influencing decisions are world experience, how people see their political leaders, and social responsibility."It's worth looking at people on kind of a spectrum," he said. "So there's some people who really appreciate the mask and recognize that their social responsibility dictates, they really care about other people, they want to make sure that if inadvertently they are infected they don't want to pass it on to anyone, gosh they would feel terrible about that. Then you have folks on the other end who just don't want their freedom curtailed in any way. They don't want to be told what to do, and to cover their face feels very personal. And then you have folks everywhere in between in that spectrum. They will say, alright, I'll put up with this if I have to, but as soon as I don't have to or I'm not being told to it's coming off because I don't like it on my face.”In a UCSD campus-released article titled "To wear a mask or not, is not the question; Research indicates it's the answer," Chemistry Nobel Laureate and UCSD Professor Mario Molina shows the data does not lie.A pivotal point of the study was when they looked at the numbers in Italy and New York after their respective mask mandates went into effect on April 6, 2020, and April 17, 2020. It was only then that the spread of viral air particles slowed drastically. 4211

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — If you’re thinking about trading in your used car, now might be the time.Used car prices are beginning to cool off but remain near the historic highs caused by the pandemic, according to data from Edmunds.After a peak in September, dealers paid 3.3% less on average for trade-ins in October. The average used vehicle transaction price, however, remained flat at a record-high ,418 in October because of an influx of relatively new off-lease vehicles."If your household has a second vehicle that you are thinking about selling because it's going unused during the pandemic, there's no point in holding onto it in the hopes of its value increasing again,” said Ivan Drury, Edmunds' senior manager of insights. “You won't get a dramatically higher value for your trade-in than you would have just last month, but you should still get a bit more money than usual since values are still inflated."Used vehicles are worth 16.9% than they did last year, according to the Manheim Used Vehicle Value Index.What caused the historic spikeIn some ways, the pandemic was a time machine for used car prices, reversing depreciation and making pre-owned vehicles worth more than they did a year ago.“That’s kind of crazy to see appreciation on a used vehicle,” Drury said.Drury said he sold a car after owning it for a year for the same price. “That’s unheard of.”Industry experts say it’s a matter of supply and demand. During the pandemic, the supply of used cars dropped, while the demand soared. Both caused prices to spike to record levels.On the supply side, the shutdown of new car manufacturing had a cascading effect on the used car market.“We weren’t churning out new cars, which meant there wasn’t much for shoppers to buy. Therefore people weren’t trading in their used cars,” said Michelle Krebs, Autotrader’s executive analyst. “Everything just kind of stopped.”On top of fewer trade-ins, the pandemic brought the car rental industry to a standstill. Normally, companies like Hertz and Enterprise refresh their fleets, selling off about two million used cars a year. Car rental companies kept their fleets parked during the early months of the pandemic.The third reason supply plummeted: a lot of people decided to put off car buying and extended their leases, so those vehicles weren’t available for sale, although that is now beginning to change.At the same time the supply of used cars dropped, demand for used vehicles surged.“The factories were shut down. They weren’t producing. A lot of consumers, even if they wanted to buy new, they suddenly had to look at used,” Drury said. “That jacked up demand. We had consumers fighting for the same units of inventory.”Demand also rose because people in metro areas that typically relied on public transportation decided to get cars for the first time. And in an environment with a lot of financial uncertainty, used cars were a more affordable option, Krebs said.Low interest rates and stimulus checks also fueled demand by giving consumers more buying power, according to Krebs and Drury.With car rental businesses picking back up and lease extensions beginning to end, the supply of used cars has begun to stabilize. That means now may be the time to sell your used car, particularly before the calendar flips to 2021 and vehicles get one model year older, Drury said.You’ll get more for your used car if you trade it in now, but there’s a trade-off: “You’re also going to pay more for a new car,” Krebs said. 3489

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Maritime Museum of San Diego will reopen to the public on Aug. 22, with new precautions for visitors and limited capacity.Museum officials say they have placed 6-foot markers on the upper decks of ships to remind visitors to practice social distancing while visiting. Capacity for the museum has also been cut to 25%, but staff will monitor levels every 15 minutes.Guests and staff will undergo temperature checks and wellness screenings before entering the museum, and facial coverings will be required. The museum is also condensing its hours to 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.Due to the high touch potential, the museum's gift shop is temporarily closed. Museum staff will be cleaning and sanitizing surfaces throughout the day.The museum's tours will be self-guided, but volunteers will be available through the museum to help guests."We wanted to offer a special treat for visitors and residents of San Diego during the stress of the global pandemic," Raymond Ashley, president and CEO of the Maritime Museum of San Diego, said. "So, a stroll aboard the decks of these historic ships and refreshing, educational boat ride in San Diego Bay could be the perfect break.The museum will offer outdoor activities, such as self-guided tours, of the museum's fleet of historic vessels. Guests will be able to make reservations for Harbor History Bay tours for an additional charge with admission as four, 45-minute narrated tours daily at 12:30 p.m., 1:30 p.m., 2:30 p.m., and 3:30 p.m.Bay Boat tour reservations are also available.General admission tickets for adults cost , and for seniors 62+, military and ages 13-17. Children 12 and under can visit for . Cash will not be accepted for tickets purchased in person.The Maritime Museum reopened from July 1 to July 6, after being closed since March due to the pandemic, but was closed once again when California barred indoor operations. 1909