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SAN DIEGO (CNS) - According to research published Friday by UC San Diego School of Medicine and San Diego State University researchers, the risk of contracting COVID-19 from handling trick-or-treat candy that has been in contact with a coronavirus-positive person is minimal, but not zero.In the study published Friday in the journal mSystems, the researchers analyzed the viral load on Halloween candy handled by patients with COVID-19.SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes the illness COVID-19, is primarily transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. The risk of infection by touching fomites -- objects or surfaces upon which viral particles have landed and persist -- is relatively low, according to multiple studies, even when fomites are known to have been exposed to the novel coronavirus. Nonetheless, the risk is not zero."The main takeaway is that although the risk of transmission of SARS- CoV-2 by surfaces -- including candy wrappers -- is low, it can be reduced even further by washing your hands with soap before handling the candy and washing the candy with household dishwashing detergent afterwards," said co-senior author Rob Knight, professor and director of the Center for Microbiome Innovation at UCSD."The main risk is interacting with people without masks, so if you are sharing candy, be safe by putting it in dish where you can wave from six feet away," he said.As San Diego County heads into a Halloweekend, public health officials are urging members of the public to practice COVID-19 protocols -- including avoiding large gatherings such as Halloween parties and door-to-door trick-or-treating."These activities involve face-to-face interactions with people from different households," said Dr. Wilma Wooten, the county's public health officer. "If a COVID-19 infection is detected among a participant, it will be very difficult to find and notify those who may have been exposed."These traditional Halloween celebrations are not advised, and large gatherings are not allowed under state or local health guidance. The county has reported dozens of community outbreaks in the past week.For their study, the researchers enrolled 10 recently diagnosed COVID- 19 patients who were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and asked them to handle Halloween candy under three different conditions: Normally with unwashed hands, normally with washed hands and extensive handling while deliberately coughing.The candy was then divided into two treatments -- no post-handling washing and washed with household dishwashing detergent -- followed by analyses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the same technology used to diagnose COVID-19 infections in people, and a second analytical platform that can conduct tests on larger samples more quickly and cheaply. Both produced similar findings.On candies not washed post-handling, researchers detected SARS-CoV-2 on 60% of the samples that had been deliberately coughed on and on 60% of the samples handled normally with unwashed hands. However, the virus was detected on only 10% of the candies handled after handwashing.The dishwashing detergent was effective for reducing the viral RNA on candies, with reducing the viral load by 62.1 percent.The researchers had also planned to test bleach, but noted that bleach sometimes leaked through some of the candy wrappers, making it unsafe for this type of cleaning use.The study authors underscored that the likely risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from candy is low, even if handled by someone with a COVID-19 infection, but it can be reduced to near-zero if the candy is handled only by people who have first washed their hands and if it is washed with household dishwashing detergent for approximately a minute after collection.Knight led the study with Forest Rohwer, viral ecologist at San Diego State University, and Dr. Louise Laurent, professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine. 3937

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Mayor Kevin Faulconer announced Wednesday that more than 2,000 businesses in the city have received grants from San Diego's COVID-19 Small Business Relief Fund, impacting nearly 10,000 full-time jobs with half of the recipients operating in underserved communities."Across the nation, small businesses are closing in alarming numbers because of the pandemic. We're doing everything we can to stop the hemorrhaging of small businesses in San Diego," Faulconer said. "We've been able to help 2,000 businesses survive for another day, but we know the need is great so I encourage San Diegans to do what they can to support their favorite local businesses during these trying times."Faulconer created the fund in March to offer support to local employers so they could sustain operations, retain employees and address unforeseen reductions in consumer demand and production. The fund is backed by emergency relief funding under the federal Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, private donations and available federal funding already accessible to the city."When COVID shocked the entire world, leaving many without income, our business took an enormous hit financially, yet we insisted on providing free food for anyone in the food and beverage industry who had lost their jobs," said Anderson Clark, co-owner of Common Stock restaurant in the Hillcrest neighborhood. "Despite the steep drop in sales, bills for rent, electricity, and for the nine employees whose schedules and insurance we maintained were piling up -- yet the grant from the San Diego Small Business Relief Fund allowed us to keep our team employed, our rent paid, and allowed us to weather this storm."Nearly 10,000 small businesses submitted applications in the initial application period. To date, the fund has topped more than million. Some of the top-aided industries include hospitality and food services, technical and scientific services, health care and retail. Remaining funds will be awarded to existing applications as made available."As a former small business owner and current chair of the city's Economic Development and Intergovernmental Relations Committee, this year was originally intended to be one in which we sought to develop and expand economic opportunities for all San Diegans," City Councilman Chris Cate said. "Due to COVID-19, it has become one in which we are trying to save businesses, jobs and the livelihoods that come with them."The City Council approved the reallocation of 0,000 from the Small Business Relief Fund to create a non-profit partnership aimed at helping businesses in historically underserved communities through direct grants ranging from ,000 to ,000, specialized outreach and technical assistance. 2766

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - According to state data released Tuesday, San Diego County will remain in the second, or red, tier of the state's four-tier COVID- 19 reopening plan for at least another week.The county's state-calculated, adjusted case rate is 6.5 new daily infections per 100,000 people, down from last week's 6.7. The unadjusted case rate is down to 7 from last week's 7.2. Because San Diego County testing levels were above the state median testing volume, the county's adjustment level was decreased.On the last two Tuesdays, the county narrowly avoided being pushed back into purple tier, the most strict in the state's reopening plan. The state- set threshold of case rate to avoid the purple tier is below 7 per 100,000.To move into the less-restrictive orange tier, a county must have a rate below 3.9 per 100,000 people.County public health officials reported 161 new COVID-19 infections and three deaths on Tuesday, raising the region's totals to 48,821 cases and 806 deaths.Two men and one woman died between Oct. 2 and Oct. 4, and their ages ranged from mid-50s to early 80s. All had underlying medical conditions.Of the 8,788 tests reported Tuesday, 2% returned positive, bringing the 14-day rolling average percentage of positive cases to 2.9%. The seven-day daily average of tests was 9,277.Of the total number of cases in the county, 3,602 -- or 7.4% -- have required hospitalization and 833 -- or 1.7% of all cases -- had to be admitted to an intensive care unit.None of the 224 cases reported Monday were connected to San Diego State University, but two previously reported confirmed cases are now associated with the school outbreak, bringing the total number of SDSU cases to 1,136, according to public health officials.Those two cases were previously reported to the San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency, but only recently identified -- through continued cross-referencing between SDSU and the HHSA -- as having an SDSU affiliation.A total of 407 on-campus students, 707 off-campus students, 9 faculty or staff and 13 visitors have either confirmed or probable positive COVID-19 diagnoses. Officials said 53 of the total are considered "probable."SDSU announced last Wednesday that it was extending a pause on in-person courses through Oct. 12. Effective that day, a limited number of courses will resume in person. Most of those courses are upper-division or graduate level, and have been "determined by faculty and academic leaders to be essential to student degree completion, licensure, and career preparation," university officials said in a statement.About 2,100 students will be enrolled in an in-person course. Prior to the in-person pause, 6,200 students were enrolled in an in-person course.In the seven-day period from Sept. 28 through Sunday, 20 community outbreaks were confirmed, well above the trigger of seven or more in seven days. A community setting outbreak is defined as three or more COVID-19 cases in a setting and in people of different households over the past 14 days.A COVID-19 testing site opened this week in Chula Vista, offering 200 daily tests, five days per week.The drive-up site will provide free, no-appointment diagnostic tests from 12:30 p.m. to 8 p.m. Sunday through Thursday at the South Chula Vista Library, located at 389 Orange Avenue. The COVID-19 tests take about 5-10 minutes and the results come back in about three days.The county has expanded its total testing sites to 41 locations, and school staff, including teachers, cafeteria workers, janitors and bus drivers, can be tested for free at any one of those sites. A rotating testing program with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection was in the works for schools in the county's rural areas.There are no state testing requirements for children, but all school staff who interact with children must be tested every two months. If schools were to open before San Diego County headed to a more restrictive tier in the state's monitoring system, they would not be affected. However, if a move to a different tier happened before schools opened for in-person learning, it would change the game plan, county Supervisor Nathan Fletcher said.If parents want to test their children for the illness, they have options, including Rady Children's Hospital, through Kaiser Permanente or through the 41 sites the county manages. Children as young as 6 months can be tested at the county-run sites. 4449

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Father Joe's Villages announced Friday that it has established an emergency fund to raise money for the homeless during the COVID- 19 crisis. With its thrift and donation stores shuttered, and donation pick-ups and drop-offs on hiatus as part of the shelter's efforts to reduce the risk of spreading the virus to clients and staff, Father Joe's representatives say the new fund will be crucial to continue to provide shelter, health care, food, showers and laundry for those in need. Qualcomm co-founder Franklin Antonio has provided a 0,000 matching gift challenge in an effort to encourage monetary support from the community, Father Joe's Villages said. Donations can be made online here.While some services have been paused in the wake of the coronavirus outbreak, Father Joe's Villages reiterated there are no confirmed COVID-19 cases at the shelter.One client showed signs of COVID-19 symptoms on Wednesday, leading to a temporary interruption in intakes. However, the client was tested for COVID- 19 and was confirmed negative for the virus Thursday, leading the shelter to resume accepting intakes following direction from county officials. 1177

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - An ex-con accused of sexually assaulting a 24-year-old woman in broad daylight on a Mission Beach street pleaded not guilty Thursday to a charge of assault with intent to commit a sex crime. Philemon Shark, 40, who has two prior convictions from Washington state for residential burglary from 2014 and 2015, faces life in prison if convicted, said San Diego County Deputy District Attorney Trisha Amador. Judge Joseph Brannigan set Shark's bail at million and ordered the defendant to have no contact with the alleged victim. Amador said all sexual assaults -- no matter what level -- are ``serious'' and taken ``exceptionally serious'' by the District Attorney's Office. ``I think part of the concern is that when an individual is attacked in broad daylight in an area where they felt safe or did not feel a threat, of course that's added concern, but our office takes all sexual assaults equally as serious,'' the prosecutor said outside court. The attack happened about 8:40 a.m. last Sunday on Bayside Lane near San Jose Lane, just off Mission Boulevard, according to San Diego Police Lt. Jason Weeden. Weeden said the victim was walking south when Shark allegedly approached her from behind, threw her to the ground and held her down while he assaulted her. The woman screamed for help, and several residents forced the man off her, the lieutenant said. When Shark tried to leave, some of the residents followed him but lost track of him, Weeden said. Then, about 45 minutes after the attack, one of the neighbors found Shark hiding in a breezeway. Shark allegedly fled but was apprehended by patrol officers and booked into jail. Weeden said Shark is from the Seattle area and was believed to have been living in San Diego for the last few months. He will be back in court Jan. 8 for a readiness conference and Jan. 10 for a preliminary hearing. 1880