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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As we approach the November election, all eyes are on a handful of battleground states.That’s because of an election procedure that a lot of people have questions about and one that is unique to presidential politics: the Electoral College.When you fill out a ballot for president, you’re not actually voting for the candidate whose name you see. In California, you’re actually voting for 55 people who you may have never heard of, a “slate of electors,” who turn around and cast the real votes from the state Capitol in December. It dates back to 1787. The Founding Fathers were split on the mechanics of how to elect a president, and “this was the thing that they could all agree on,” said UC San Diego political science professor Daniel Butler.The Electoral College was a compromise between the framers who were leery of giving direct power to the masses and others who opposed having Congress elect the president.“It felt a lot like Parliament, a lot like what the British did, which is not what they were going to do,” Butler said.Article II of the Constitution lays out how it works. Each state gets a number of electors equal to the size of their congressional delegation; their senators and U.S. representatives. California has 55 electors, the most of any state.The Founders set up the Electoral College system under one big assumption: that it would be extremely rare for candidates to actually secure a majority, which today is 270 votes. If the contest ended without a majority winner, it would be decided by Congress.The last election decided by Congress was in 1824. The scenario the Founders predicted might happen once or twice a century has unfolded in every election since.“I think what frustrates many people about the Electoral College is that that majority winner in the popular vote isn’t always who captures the majority in the Electoral College,” said UC San Diego political science chair Thad Kousser.In 2016, then-candidate Donald Trump became just the fifth person in history to win the Electoral College and lose the popular vote, out of 58 presidential elections. It also happened in 2000 in the contest between George W. Bush and Al Gore.The Founders envisioned the Electoral College as a check on the popular vote, able to potentially choose a different candidate than the one favored by the masses, but in practice, electors almost never do that. Most states have laws requiring electors to follow the popular vote.It was big news in 2016 when 10 electors broke ranks in an effort to block candidate Trump, because in every state electors are party loyalists, hand-picked by top leaders. So-called faithless electors have never swung an election.Kousser says for all the recent controversy surrounding the electoral college, there are some major benefits. Because the system empowers states whose electorate is closely divided between the parties, Kousser said it helps mitigate the role of money in politics.“What the electoral college does is it focuses and narrows the playing field to these few battleground states,” he said. “That's where you've got to run ads. That's where you've got to run your campaigns, not in 50 states. If we had to run 50-state campaigns then it would cost billions of dollars to win elections and it would give a huge advantage to whichever side raised the most money.”The other benefit of focusing elections on key swing states is that it pushes the parties more towards the center, Kousser argues. Without the Electoral College, he says candidates would try to “run up the score” and collect as many votes as possible in more populous states like California and Texas that tend to be more politically polarized. 3703

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Caltrans is warning commuters about an overnight closure on State Route 54 Thursday. According to the agency, crews will close the westbound SR-54 connector to northbound and southbound I-805 between 11 p.m. Thursday and 5 a.m. Friday. The connector will be closed so crews can complete maintenance on guardrails.Signs will be posted directing drivers to exit at Highland Avenue, turn left to eastbound SR-54 to northbound or southbound I-805. 472

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Californians trying to raise happy and healthy families are finding affordability a challenge, a study shows. WalletHub ranked states based on feedback from psychology, social work and child studies experts at several universities, and statistics from each region. States were given grades in categories including the cost of housing, child care, and unemployment. California ranked 19th overall. The individual category rankings are as follows: 5th: Percent of families with young kids5th: Infant mortality rate15th: Separation and divorce rate34th: Percent of families in poverty36th: Violent crime rate38th: Unemployment rate46th: Child care costs49th: Median family salary (adjusted for cost of living)50th: Housing affordability Minnesota, Massachusetts and North Dakota filled the top three spots for family-friendly states. The worst states for families were New Mexico, Mississippi and Louisiana. Housing prices, a problem for western states, were at their best levels in the Midwest. Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, North Dakota and Ohio topped the list. California's median home price as of November 2018 was 7,900, Zillow reported. The median rent price in California was ,750.Each state’s affordability was based in part on median mortgage debt, credit score, housing costs, share of people who save money for their child’s education, and annual family health insurance premium. See the full study here. 1439

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - As businesses continue to reopen, it's becoming the newest requirement for entry: your signature.Step into any of three Gila Rut salons in the county, and you'll see COVID-19 safety is being taken seriously. Clients' temperatures are taken. Their hands are sanitized. Their personal effects are placed in a bag. In another bag is everything needed for their appointment, from combs to scissors."So they can feel comfortable that when they sit down, everything has been sanitized for them," said Gila Rut President Keri Davis-Duffy.Inside the salon: masks, social distancing, and capes disposed of after each appointment. The owners are intent on protecting clients, staff and also, the business. A day head of an appointment, clients are emailed a waiver."They have to sign a waiver releasing Gila Rut of any liability should anybody contract COVID-19," said David-Duffy.Davis-Duffy is hardly alone. At the Point Loma Sports Club, set to open Friday, a liability waiver is also required before you can enter. Across the county and country, at salons, gyms, offices and even the New York Stock Exchange, waivers are quietly becoming the new normal. It's unclear how much they're really needed. Attorneys tell us it would be hard to prove a business caused an illness. and the waivers don't protect a business against 'gross neglience.'"If someone signs a waiver, that means they agree not to hold someone else responsible for any damages. What we're seeing here are businesses trying to avoid liability when a patron is exposed to covid-19 at their place of business. Waivers are not, however, ironclad. For a business to be protected, the business must show that such a waiver was signed and that it covers the potential claim. Even if a business shows that, a waiver is invalid if the business was grossly negligent or reckless. Also, a person could challenge a waiver by claiming it was signed under duress or that it was unconscionable," said attorney Evan Walker.For Davis-Duffy, the waiver is simply another precaution."We're in a vulnerable business ... We just want to make sure we're protecting are business and create some sense of sustainability," said David-Duffy.Davis-Duffy says all but a handful of clients have agreed to sign the waiver. 2279

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Congress is considering a bill that will push for more transparency in the online event ticketing industry. Included in the reforms would be a mandate that companies disclose the full cost of each ticket, including additional fees, up front.In the current environment, most ticket sites show only the cost of the ticket up front, but add the fees after the customer has begun the process of purchasing the tickets.San Diego Congressman Scott Peters is on the committee considering the bill and questioned leaders from the major ticketing companies during a congressional hearing Wednesday. RELATED: ESPN: Ticket sellers support mandate to show upfront fees"The main thing is that you should know going in what the fees are that you're going to pay," Peters told 10News. The hearing included representatives from Ticketmaster, Stubhub, and AXS.Other contentious issues being considered by lawmakers include battling ticket fraud, transfer of tickets once purchased, and the accusations that companies withhold putting many of the tickets on sale at one time in order to create a false sense of demand and artificially cause the ticket prices to increase.Peters says he thinks Congress will be able to pass a strong bill to create more transparency. "There was a lot of agreement about what we should do in Congress, even among the companies. They'd like to have us set rules that everyone could abide by," Peters said. 1444

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