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SAN DIEGO (CNS) - According to research published Friday by UC San Diego School of Medicine and San Diego State University researchers, the risk of contracting COVID-19 from handling trick-or-treat candy that has been in contact with a coronavirus-positive person is minimal, but not zero.In the study published Friday in the journal mSystems, the researchers analyzed the viral load on Halloween candy handled by patients with COVID-19.SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes the illness COVID-19, is primarily transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. The risk of infection by touching fomites -- objects or surfaces upon which viral particles have landed and persist -- is relatively low, according to multiple studies, even when fomites are known to have been exposed to the novel coronavirus. Nonetheless, the risk is not zero."The main takeaway is that although the risk of transmission of SARS- CoV-2 by surfaces -- including candy wrappers -- is low, it can be reduced even further by washing your hands with soap before handling the candy and washing the candy with household dishwashing detergent afterwards," said co-senior author Rob Knight, professor and director of the Center for Microbiome Innovation at UCSD."The main risk is interacting with people without masks, so if you are sharing candy, be safe by putting it in dish where you can wave from six feet away," he said.As San Diego County heads into a Halloweekend, public health officials are urging members of the public to practice COVID-19 protocols -- including avoiding large gatherings such as Halloween parties and door-to-door trick-or-treating."These activities involve face-to-face interactions with people from different households," said Dr. Wilma Wooten, the county's public health officer. "If a COVID-19 infection is detected among a participant, it will be very difficult to find and notify those who may have been exposed."These traditional Halloween celebrations are not advised, and large gatherings are not allowed under state or local health guidance. The county has reported dozens of community outbreaks in the past week.For their study, the researchers enrolled 10 recently diagnosed COVID- 19 patients who were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and asked them to handle Halloween candy under three different conditions: Normally with unwashed hands, normally with washed hands and extensive handling while deliberately coughing.The candy was then divided into two treatments -- no post-handling washing and washed with household dishwashing detergent -- followed by analyses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the same technology used to diagnose COVID-19 infections in people, and a second analytical platform that can conduct tests on larger samples more quickly and cheaply. Both produced similar findings.On candies not washed post-handling, researchers detected SARS-CoV-2 on 60% of the samples that had been deliberately coughed on and on 60% of the samples handled normally with unwashed hands. However, the virus was detected on only 10% of the candies handled after handwashing.The dishwashing detergent was effective for reducing the viral RNA on candies, with reducing the viral load by 62.1 percent.The researchers had also planned to test bleach, but noted that bleach sometimes leaked through some of the candy wrappers, making it unsafe for this type of cleaning use.The study authors underscored that the likely risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from candy is low, even if handled by someone with a COVID-19 infection, but it can be reduced to near-zero if the candy is handled only by people who have first washed their hands and if it is washed with household dishwashing detergent for approximately a minute after collection.Knight led the study with Forest Rohwer, viral ecologist at San Diego State University, and Dr. Louise Laurent, professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine. 3937

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Among the thousands of UC San Diego students moving into campus housing for the fall quarter, 10 have tested positive for COVID-19 and been moved into temporary isolation lodging, campus officials reported Wednesday.In the same two-week round of coronavirus testing, more than 5,700 students came up negative, according to the La Jolla-area university.The resulting infection rate of 0.17%, was "less than anticipated" and below San Diego's overall rate, UCSD officials advised.During the process, UC San Diego's lab averaged 1,500 coronavirus tests daily for two weeks. Most test results were returned the next day, with an average turnaround of 15 hours, according to the university, which used a staggered move-in process to allow for physical distancing along with mandatory testing.San Diego State University has reported 1,081 COVID-19 cases since Aug. 24, the first day of instruction for its fall semester. The totals include 1,036 confirmed cases and 45 probable ones. None have been connected to instructional or research spaces, according to SDSU administrators. 1099

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - County health officials confirmed a diagnosis of infectious pulmonary tuberculosis in a San Diego International Airport employee Friday but stressed that the risk of public exposure is considerably low.Officials with the county Health and Human Services Agency determined the potential exposure period to be Jan. 1 to May 29 in an area of the airport that the public cannot access. County health officials also found no evidence of the disease being transmitted from the employee to any close contacts.County officials said they are in the process of notifying employees of Southwest Airlines, G2 Secure Staff LCC and the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority about the possible exposure. Affected employees were being advised to talk to their employers for more information."In most cases, a person has to be in close contact with someone who has TB for a long period of time to be at risk for getting TB,'' said Dr. Dean Sidelinger, the county's interim deputy public health officer. "In this case the employee does not spend significant time in any given area, had minimal close contact with employees and contact with members of the public was limited to short periods of time.''Tuberculosis is generally transmitted through the air or via contact with an infected person. Roughly one-third of those exposed to the bacterial disease will develop it, according to the HHSA, but most avoid infection. Tuberculosis symptoms can include a persistent cough, fever, night sweats and unexplainable weight loss.Due to the low risk of exposure, county health officials did not indicate that they plan to offer testing to airport staff. However, Sidelinger advised residents to be aware of the disease's symptoms and seek early treatment when applicable.Residents can contact the county's tuberculosis control program at 619-692-8621 or visit the program's website at sandiegocounty.gov/hhsa/programs/phs/tuberculosis_control_program for more information on the disease. 1996

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Jurors reached a verdict Tuesday in the trial of a Navy SEAL accused of fatally stabbing a wounded teenage ISIS fighter in the neck, shooting at numerous Iraqi civilians and threatening fellow SEALs to keep them from reporting him.Jurors found Special Operations Chief Edward Gallagher not guilty on six out of seven charges, including not guilty verdicts for premeditated murder, two charges of attempted premeditated murder, obstruction of justice, retaliation, and willful discharge of a weapon. Jurors did find him guilty of wrongfully posing for a photo with the teen's body. That guilty charge carries a possible sentence up to four months. 673

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Brutal temperatures and a heat advisory are expected to continue through Monday in San Diego County, according to the National Weather Service.Building high pressure over the southwestern United States have ushered in scorching temperatures for the next five to six days, forecasters said.The NWS issued an excessive heat warning that will be in effect from noon today to 9 p.m. Monday in the county valleys, mountains and deserts.RELATED: Eight cool zones open through Friday in San Diego County as temperatures soarThe NWS urged residents to drink plenty of fluids, stay out of the sun and check up on relatives and neighbors. Also, children and pets should be never be left unattended in a vehicle, with car interiors able to ``reach lethal temperatures in a matter of minutes,'' according to the NWS.High temperatures today are forecast to reach 82 degrees near the coast, up to 103 inland, up to 110 in the western valleys, 103 near the foothills, 103 in the mountains and 120 in the deserts.Highs in the county deserts are expected to remain around 118 through Wednesday, according to the NWS. The mercury in the western valleys is forecast to top out in the low-to-mid 90s through Wednesday as well, while highs near the foothills will remain in the mid-to-high 90s through at least Thursday.Borrego Springs set a high temperature record on Thursday, according to the NWS. The city recorded a high of 117, eclipsing its previous mark for the date of 114 in 2012. 1495

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