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-- and its wider implications for human mental health treatment -- was found in their poop, per new findings published in Behavioural Brain Research.Rats are better drivers when they're mentally stimulatedKelly Lambert, study author and head of the University of Richmond's Lambert Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, trained two groups of young rats: One bunch raised in an "enriched environment" with toys, ladders, balls and pieces of wood designed to spark mental stimulation, and another reared in a standard, unexciting lab cage.The rats learned to enter a custom "rat-operated vehicle," or ROV, adorably constructed from a one-gallon plastic container turned on its side.Once inside, the rat racers would stand on an aluminum plate and press on a copper bar that would trigger the wheels' motor. They'd hold down on the bar until they propelled their tiny car to the end of their enclosure, where they collected their reward: Froot Loops.When it came time to drive, the rats who played with ladders, balls and toys were more adept at operating and steering the ROV, thanks to the neuroplasticity (their brains' ability to change over time) triggered by their environment. Their unstimulated cage counterparts effectively "failed their driving test," Lambert said.Hormones found in their feces showed improved emotional resilienceIn sifting through their fecal matter, Lambert found both groups of rats trained to drive secreted higher levels of corticosterone and DHEA, hormones that control stress responses.Corticosterone is a hormone animals could secrete in high-stakes scenarios like running from a wild animal or defending themselves from predators, but it can also be expressed in lower-risk tasks like doing taxes or worrying about a loved one (though rats likely aren't advanced enough to form a government, let alone impose taxes on fellow rats).DHEA acts as a sort of "buffer," Lambert said, when corticosterone becomes toxic -- that is, when it can't be turned off in a reasonable amount of time, creating prolonged stress.It's evidence that mastering a complex task, like driving a car, bolstered the rats' emotional resilience."It is likely that driving gives the rats a sense of control over their environment," she said. "In humans, we would say that it enhances a sense of agency or self-efficacy."What have rats got to do with human health?The brains of humans and rats share nearly all of the same areas and neurochemicals -- they're just smaller in rodents. And though humans are certainly more complex than rats, Lambert said there are "universal truths" in how both species' brains interact within their environment to maintain optimal mental health.So these results have implications for human health, too (and no, they don't mean rats will drive alongside people in tiny lanes on highways). Emotional resilience is one of the first lines of defense against mental illnesses like depression, she said, and learning what behaviors build that up could clue physicians in on how to treat those illnesses in humans.It's a concept Lambert refers to as "behaviorceuticals," activities that release hormones that can ward off prolonged stress brought on by corticosterone."Anything that reduces stress can build resilience against the onset of mental illness," she said.The activity can be something as simple as knitting, or in rats' case, learning to drive a car. Just engaging hands, paws and brains of varying sizes can enhance a participant's sense of control. 3489

as high school electives.The bill, "Study of the Bible and Religion," was filed last week by State Rep. Kimberly Daniels, a Democrat who represents the Jacksonville area.Under the bill, school districts would be required to "offer specified courses relating to religion, Hebrew Scriptures, and the Bible to certain students as elective courses."The courses would include: An objective study of religion An objective study of the Bible, including, but not limited to, a course on the Hebrew Scriptures and Old Testament of the Bible, a course on the New Testament of the Bible, and a course on the Hebrew Scriptures, the Old Testament of the Bible, and the New Testament of the Bible.The courses would be offered to high school students in grades 9 through 12.If passed by the state legislature, the measure would go into effect on July 1, 2020.For more information on the bill, 880

after "recent developments in the investigation have led investigators to believe the children may now be in danger."The Stafford County Sheriff's Office (SCSO) says it is searching for Melody Bannister and her four children, who were last seen in Moulton, Alabama on Aug. 20.According to the SCSO, Bannister told deputies in June that her children had been abused by a family member. Child Protective Services later determined the allegations were unfounded, but before the investigation ended, Bannister and her four children left Virginia for a planned vacation to Alabama. They never returned.The Stafford County Juvenile Domestic and Relations Court eventually granted custody of the children to their father. Bannister petitioned the court in Alabama and requested that custody be issued to her there, but courts ordered her to return her children to the father in Virginia.Bannister did not comply and was last seen in Alabama on Aug. 20. She is currently wanted for one felony charge of Violation of a Court Order, four misdemeanor charges of Abduction, and one misdemeanor charge of Filing a False Police Report.Bannister's four children are Genevieve Bannister, 13; Janelle Bannister, 12; Vivienne Bannister, 11; and Peter Bannister, 7."The U.S. Marshals Service and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children became involved in the investigation several months ago," a spokesperson for the SCSO said.Over the past several months, they have been seen at the following locations:Birmingham, Alabama - 35201Moulton, Alabama - 35650Greenville, South Carolina - 29601Shell Lake, Wisconsin - 54871Madison, Wisconsin - 53701Spooner, Wisconsin - 54801Maryville, Tennessee - 37801Knoxville, Tennessee - 37901Lexington, Kentucky - 40502Leadville, Colorado - 80429Raleigh, North Carolina - 27601Aransas Pass, Texas - 78335Dallas, Texas - 75201Corpus Christie, Texas - 78401Law enforcement officials are asking anyone with information to contact: 1-877-WANTED2.This story was originally published by 2013

close to where a man was found shot to death earlier Tuesday morning, according to the medical examiner.Police and EMS responded at around 8 a.m. to an open field where a 30-year-old male victim was pronounced dead at the scene from a gunshot wound. 251

One resident in Sarpy County, Nebraska, reported several drones flying in unison last week."Most interesting part is that the drones were flying in the night. People don't know what they are doing there. No feedback from federal agencies, local government and no one really knows what's going on there," said Victor Huang, an assistant professor at the Aviation Institute at the University of Nebraska Omaha.Drones are complex and extremely advanced. They can be used for for film making, emergency services and agricultural monitoring."The drone, similar to our computer systems, it can really do a lot of things. To me, the only limitation is your imagination," Huang said.But no one, not even the Federal Aviation Administration, knows what these drones are doing except that they're flying in a pattern, they're large and there's many of them."They don't know if it's illegal or not because right now there's no way of knowing what is up there," KMTV pilot Justin Enos said.Based on flight patterns and altitude, experts believe it could be some sort of agricultural monitoring. Regardless, the fact that no one can account for them is frightening residents. Some have even talked about shooting the drones down, but that's not a good idea. The mystery drones are reportedly up to six feet in length. If the drones happen to weigh more than 55 pounds, they technically could be considered to be aircraft."If that's a legal registered drone, if you shoot it down, you are essentially shooting an aircraft down. So that is definitely illegal," Huang said."Registered or not, it's going to be dangerous. The batteries on these things are very flammable," Enos said.Enos believes if it's agricultural information the people behind the drones are after, the general public shouldn't be too worried."I think people are concerned, especially people that aren't familiar with drones and the technology," Enos said.The Nebraska State Patrol tweeted Monday that they are working with several sheriff's offices, local police departments and federal authorities to figure out who is behind the drone activity.The FAA has also stated they are aware of the sightings and are investigating.This story was originally published 2217

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