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SAN DIEGO (CNS) - According to research published Friday by UC San Diego School of Medicine and San Diego State University researchers, the risk of contracting COVID-19 from handling trick-or-treat candy that has been in contact with a coronavirus-positive person is minimal, but not zero.In the study published Friday in the journal mSystems, the researchers analyzed the viral load on Halloween candy handled by patients with COVID-19.SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes the illness COVID-19, is primarily transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. The risk of infection by touching fomites -- objects or surfaces upon which viral particles have landed and persist -- is relatively low, according to multiple studies, even when fomites are known to have been exposed to the novel coronavirus. Nonetheless, the risk is not zero."The main takeaway is that although the risk of transmission of SARS- CoV-2 by surfaces -- including candy wrappers -- is low, it can be reduced even further by washing your hands with soap before handling the candy and washing the candy with household dishwashing detergent afterwards," said co-senior author Rob Knight, professor and director of the Center for Microbiome Innovation at UCSD."The main risk is interacting with people without masks, so if you are sharing candy, be safe by putting it in dish where you can wave from six feet away," he said.As San Diego County heads into a Halloweekend, public health officials are urging members of the public to practice COVID-19 protocols -- including avoiding large gatherings such as Halloween parties and door-to-door trick-or-treating."These activities involve face-to-face interactions with people from different households," said Dr. Wilma Wooten, the county's public health officer. "If a COVID-19 infection is detected among a participant, it will be very difficult to find and notify those who may have been exposed."These traditional Halloween celebrations are not advised, and large gatherings are not allowed under state or local health guidance. The county has reported dozens of community outbreaks in the past week.For their study, the researchers enrolled 10 recently diagnosed COVID- 19 patients who were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and asked them to handle Halloween candy under three different conditions: Normally with unwashed hands, normally with washed hands and extensive handling while deliberately coughing.The candy was then divided into two treatments -- no post-handling washing and washed with household dishwashing detergent -- followed by analyses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the same technology used to diagnose COVID-19 infections in people, and a second analytical platform that can conduct tests on larger samples more quickly and cheaply. Both produced similar findings.On candies not washed post-handling, researchers detected SARS-CoV-2 on 60% of the samples that had been deliberately coughed on and on 60% of the samples handled normally with unwashed hands. However, the virus was detected on only 10% of the candies handled after handwashing.The dishwashing detergent was effective for reducing the viral RNA on candies, with reducing the viral load by 62.1 percent.The researchers had also planned to test bleach, but noted that bleach sometimes leaked through some of the candy wrappers, making it unsafe for this type of cleaning use.The study authors underscored that the likely risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from candy is low, even if handled by someone with a COVID-19 infection, but it can be reduced to near-zero if the candy is handled only by people who have first washed their hands and if it is washed with household dishwashing detergent for approximately a minute after collection.Knight led the study with Forest Rohwer, viral ecologist at San Diego State University, and Dr. Louise Laurent, professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine. 3937

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - A pickup truck struck and gravely injured a 70-year-old man today near Horton Plaza, authorities reported.The pedestrian was crossing G Street in downtown San Diego when the vehicle pulled out of a parking structure east of Third Avenue and hit him shortly after 3 p.m, according to police.Medics took the victim to a hospital for treatment of life-threatening injuries, Officer Dino Delimitros said. 426

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Multiple local and nonprofit organizations around San Diego County will host Christmas meals Tuesday for underserved and low-income residents.Salvation Army San Diego will host its 35th annual Christmas meal, beginning at 11 a.m. at Golden Hall at 202 C St. The organization expects hundreds of volunteers to assist with the event. Volunteers will escort attendees to their seats and serve them a traditional holiday meal.Serving Seniors will also host its annual Christmas meal for low- income and homeless San Diego County seniors, many of whom would otherwise spend the holiday alone. About 350 seniors will enjoy a meal of Cornish hen with Mornay sauce, cornbread dressing, whipped potatoes, green peas and carrot cake, according to the organization. The meal begins at 11 a.m. at 1525 Fourth Ave.Rev. Shane Harris, former president of the National Action Network, will host his second annual community Christmas breakfast at the National Black Contractors Association. Attendees will receive a free hot breakfast, free clothes and children will receive free gifts.The event begins at 7 a.m. at 6125 Imperial Ave. According to Harris, the breakfast is open to the public, but foster families, low-income residents, homeless residents and military veterans are all encouraged to attend. At Harris' first community breakfast last year, volunteers served more than 150 people. 1403

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - A man was fatally shot just outside his family's home in the Paradise Hills community of San Diego, a police lieutenant said Saturday.The shooting occurred around 10:35 p.m. Friday outside a home in the 2400 block of Calle Gaviota, said Lt. Anthony Dupree of the San Diego Police Department. Dupree said the shooting victim's family reported to police that the man went outside the home, and a short time later, relatives heard gunshots.Family members went outside and saw the victim down. A witness reported seeing a man wearing dark clothing running from the area after the shots were heard, Dupree said.Paramedics took the man to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead, he said.The San Diego Police Department asked anyone with any information regarding the shooting to call them at 619-531-2293. 827

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Drug use among teens booked into San Diego Juvenile Hall reached its highest rate since 2000, with 62% of those interviewed testing positive for an illicit substance last year, up 4% from the previous year, according to a report released Monday.According to the San Diego Association of Governments, 57% of 109 juveniles interviewed in 2019 tested positive for marijuana, also the highest rate since 2000 and an increase of 2% compared to 2018.Ninety-two percent of interviewees reported trying marijuana, compared to 86% for alcohol and 70% for tobacco, according to the SANDAG report. Overall, 93% of juveniles reported trying some kind of illicit substance.Nearly 60% of respondents also said marijuana was the first substance they had tried, compared to 27% for alcohol and 12% for tobacco.Overall, those who had used marijuana, alcohol and tobacco reported getting started at or before age 13 1/2, on average.Just over three-quarters of the youth interviewees reported having tried vaping, and 49% reported vaping at school. The most commonly used substances were flavored nicotine, 90%, marijuana/THC, 73%, and non-flavored nicotine, 26%.When asked to rank how harmful they thought specific drugs were on a four-point scale, 17% of respondents said marijuana was "very bad" or "extremely bad"; 58% thought tobacco was "very bad" or "extremely bad" and 37% said alcohol belonged in those categories.Nearly 60% reported that they did not view vaping as harmful and 39% thought vaping was less harmful than smoking cigarettes.Among other findings:-- 91% of those interviewed said it was easy, or very easy, to obtain marijuana; 79% of those interviewed said the same about alcohol and 93% said the same of tobacco-- 42% reported abusing prescription or over-the-counter drugs, with 81% of those reporting that they had used tranquilizers, such as Xanax, and 50% saying they had tried codeine-- 50% reported prescription drugs were "very easy" or "easy" to obtain, down from 70% in 2017-- 11% of interviewees tested positive for methamphetamine, up from 10% in 2018 2093