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Being home more during the pandemic, and with less traffic on the roads from stay-at-home orders, many people have heard more bird calls and the sounds of nature in urban areas. Scientists now say at least one bird species has been able to adjust their bird song because of the lack of human noise to compete with.Researchers have been studying the white-crowned sparrows in and around San Francisco for more than two decades. They compare their songs in recent years with recordings made in the 1970s.They found as traffic levels increased over the decades, the lowest frequencies of the sparrows’ song rose. This allowed their song to be heard above the low hum of vehicles. The top frequencies remained the same, so the total frequency bandwidth of their communication was narrowed.Degrading their songs this way, and limiting their range, makes them less effective at deterring rivals, attracting mates, or hearing their own chicks, according to researchers. In noisy environments, birds have to sing louder, which research has shown can result in stress and can speed up a bird’s aging and disrupt their metabolisms.When stay-at-home orders and coronavirus pandemic safety measures were put in place in March, the lead researcher, Elizabeth Derryberry, remembers seeing an image of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco completely empty of cars or humans. She wondered how the sparrows were responding.They compared audio recordings of the bird songs from spring 2015 and 2016, to those taken this spring. The recordings were made in a variety of urban and rural locations around the greater San Francisco area.“We found that birds sung at lower minimum frequencies, achieving greater bandwidth songs in newly open acoustic space. An increase in frequency bandwidth results in the transmission of more information and greater vocal performance,” the study states.The samples taken in 2020 revealed the white-crowned sparrows had changed their tune, so-to-speak, and were singing softer and using a wider range of frequencies. They also were able to communicate twice as far as previous recordings.“This doubling in communication distance could elevate fitness by reducing territorial conflicts and increasing mating potential,” researchers stated.Researchers also say this explains why more people report hearing birds during the pandemic. Since the songs are traveling farther distances, humans are able to hear more of them.They also say the changes in the birds’ songs were more pronounced in urban areas compared to the rural location samples. This would make sense, they say, because the traffic noise did not change as drastically in the rural locations during the pandemic.“Our findings indicate that songbirds like white-crowned sparrows have a striking capacity to exploit newly empty soundscapes following acute but ephemeral amelioration of noise pollution, suggesting that lasting remediation might engender even more promising outcomes, such as demographic recovery and higher species diversity in urban areas,” they concluded. 3055

Based on his conviction this week on three assault charges, comedian and TV star Bill Cosby could be sentenced to 30 years in prison.But legal experts said the 80-year-old certainly will spend less time than that behind bars, and there's a very real possibility that he may not ever be incarcerated.Why? Well, it's mostly to do with his defense team's plan to appeal the guilty verdict -- likely on the grounds that the decision to allow five other accusers to testify in the trial unfairly prejudiced the jury. 519

Bowe Bergdahl received a dishonorable discharge from the US Army but will avoid prison time for desertion and misbehavior before the enemy after abandoning his outpost in Afghanistan in 2009, a military judge ruled Friday.The judge also ruled that Bergdahl's rank be reduced from sergeant to private. Additionally, he will be required to pay a ,000 fine from his salary for the next 10 months."Sgt. Bergdahl has looked forward to today for a long time," Eugene Fidell, Bergdahl's civilian attorney, said at a news conference after the sentence was announced."As everyone knows he was a captive of the Taliban for nearly five years, and three more years have elapsed while the legal process unfolded. He has lost nearly a decade of his life."The sentence is effective immediately, except for the dishonorable discharge, which Bergdahl is appealing, according to Fidell.Bergdahl appeared visibly shaken as the sentence was announced, according to CNN affiliate WRAL. Two of his attorneys stood by his side with their hands on his back while the judge, Army Col. Jeffery R. Nance, read the sentence.The Army soldier, whom the Taliban held for five years after he deserted his Afghanistan outpost, pleaded guilty last month to the charges.Bergdahl was released in May 2014 in a controversial exchange for five Guantanamo Bay detainees.He originally faced the possibility of life in prison, but the prosecution asked the judge for a 14-year sentence. Bergdahl's attorneys asked Nance for a punishment of dishonorable discharge.Bergdahl had chosen to be tried by a military judge instead of a jury.Defense: Bergdahl 'should not have been in the Army'Bergdahl's attorneys asked the judge for leniency during sentencing hearings, arguing he had a previously undiagnosed mental illness when he left his post."Hypothetically, he probably should not have been in the Army," said Capt. Nina Banks, one of his military defense attorneys, in her closing argument.Bergdahl suffered from numerous mental illnesses, including schizotypal personality disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, according to Dr. Charles Morgan, a forensic psychiatrist and professor at the University of New Haven and Yale University. He testified for the defense Wednesday.Morgan said Bergdahl was raised in a tense and sometimes scary household that contributed to social anxiety and cognitive defects that he was suffering from before he enlisted in the Army.The defense also argued the information Bergdahl was able to provide upon his return -- and his willingness to share that information and cooperate with investigators -- warranted a more lenient sentence.Prosecution: Bergdahl put soldiers in dangerBut government prosecutors said Bergdahl was aware of the risks when he deserted, and that doing so put his fellow soldiers in danger.Soldiers who searched for Bergdahl after he deserted were called to testify and shared stories of the grueling conditions they endured while looking for him.One witness, Capt. John Billings, was Bergdahl's platoon leader in Afghanistan. Billings said the platoon searched for the then-private first class for 19 days, going without food or water.Retired Navy SEAL Chief Petty Officer James Hatch testified that he and his dog came under fire while looking for Bergdahl. He was shot in the leg, and his K-9 partner, Remco, was shot in the face and killed."I thought I was dead," said Hatch, who now walks with a heavy limp after 18 surgeries. He said he was concerned because there was little time to plan the search for Bergdahl, and other soldiers knew he had willfully walked away.When asked why he would go searching for Bergdahl, Hatch said, "He is an American.""He had a mom," he added.Bergdahl tearfully apologized this week to the service members who searched for him."My words can't take away what people have been through," he said. "I am admitting I made a horrible mistake."Lawyer: Trump's remarks 'preposterous'Following the sentencing, President Donald Trump tweeted that the decision was a "complete and total disgrace to our Country and to our Military."Fidell denounced the President's comments, saying "every American should be offended by his assault on the fair administration of justice and his disdain for basic constitutional rights."Bergdahl became a political talking point in 2014 after President Barack Obama's administration traded five detainees at Guantanamo Bay in exchange for his release.In February, Bergdahl's defense team argued he was unable to have a fair trial after Donald Trump became president because of comments Trump made on the 2016 campaign trail.During the campaign, Trump called Bergdahl a "dirty, rotten traitor" and said he "should be shot" for deserting his post. "In the good old days, he would have been executed," Trump said.Bergdahl's attorneys argued that the comments, as well as critical words from Sen. John McCain, violated his right to due process. But Col. Nance ultimately ruled against dismissing the charges, saying that while Trump's comments were "troubling," they did not constitute a due process violation."Trump -- when he was a candidate, of course -- made really extraordinary and reprehensible comments targeted directly at our client," Fidell said Friday. "It's one of the most preposterous state of affairs that I can think of in American legal history."Investigator said jail time would be 'inappropriate'Since his return home to the United States, the 31-year-old from Idaho has been the subject of scrutiny while the US military investigated his decision to leave his post.Bergdahl has said he abandoned his post because he wanted to travel to a larger base to report "a critical problem in my chain of command," though he did not specify what the problem was.He was charged with desertion and misbehavior before the enemy in March 2015.Kenneth Dahl, the Army general who led the investigation into Bergdahl's actions and interviewed the soldier for a day and a half, previously testified in a preliminary hearing that jail time would be "inappropriate."During his time in captivity, Bergdahl said he was tortured, beaten and spent months chained to a bed or locked in a cage while his health deteriorated. For five years, he said, he was completely isolated, had no concept of time and was told he would be killed and never see his family again. 6344

BONITA (KGTV) - A Bonita man is seeking the public's help to find the people responsible for ransacking his family home last Tuesday night.Michael Currier grew up on San Miguel Road in Bonita and once you understand his family's history it's easy to see why this home means so much.A couple doors down is where his mother and uncles were raised, at grandpa's house. His mother stayed close to care for grandma who had Alzheimer's and when the house went on the market, Currier and his wife pulled together what they could to keep it in the family.They bought the home in 2013 and have been renovating. He and his wife are now taking care of his mother, who also has Alzheimer's, so they weren't home last Tuesday night.Currier came home Wednesday and found it barren. All the construction tools in each room, gone. Incredibly rare parts he was using to build specialty motorcycles, gone too. Shelves full of black bins barren, with dust outlining where they sat for years."The parts that were stolen are irreplaceable. Those motorcycles, I'll never be able to work on again," Currier said.Currier worked as a contractor to pay for nursing school, and collected tools since he was 15. While he's glad no one was hurt from the break-in, what he lost was more than items on a list."Definitely makes you feel a little uncomfortable in your own house in your own neighborhood which is frustrating especially when you grew up in this area and this has always been a home, a safe place," he said.He filed a report with the San Diego County Sheriff's Office and they are looking into the incident.In the meantime, Currier's resorted to hanging signs, with a reward for information, around the neighborhood. 1726

BETHESDA, Md. (AP) — President Trump was administered supplemental oxygen at the White House before going to hospital, a source tells the Associated PressA source also told the Associated Press that Trump began exhibiting 'clinical indications' of COVID-19 on Thursday afternoon, earlier than known.The news was reported in the hours after Trump’s physician said at a news conference that the President is doing “very well.”Navy Commander Dr. Sean Conley said Trump has been fever-free for 24 hours as he updates the nation on the president's condition from the hospital Saturday morning.Trump was admitted Friday after testing positive for the coronavirus. 665