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Tuition bills are coming due, and while millions of students across the country are weighing the risks of going back to college in the middle of a pandemic, the most financially strapped students carry an added burden of dwindling aid.For Americans living in the lowest income brackets, college represents a way up the socioeconomic ladder. But getting there and obtaining a degree is not easy, especially for students without financial means. The Pell Grant has historically removed some of the obstacles for the most at-need students. But alongside the skyrocketing cost of higher education, the federal grant is having less and less of an impact.The Pell Grant is the largest source of postsecondary education grant aid, helping to fund higher education for at-need students since 1973. In its budget proposal for the 2020-21 school year, the U.S. Department of Education anticipated giving Pell Grants to 6.8 million at-need students, to the tune of .6 billion.How much each student qualifies for depends on their expected family contribution, or how much the federal government says they should be able to contribute toward their own education. Those with the most financial need could qualify for the maximum allowable grant amount: ,345 in the 2020-21 academic year.That authorized maximum amount has grown from ,400 in the Pell Grant’s early years. Despite this growth, it has failed to keep pace with the ballooning costs of a college education.In the past 20 years, average tuition and fees at public four-year institutions (the most affordable type conferring bachelor degrees) have more than doubled, to ,440, while maximum Pell Grant awards have only grown 29%. And tuition isn’t everything — room and board, books and living expenses come at an additional cost.As recently as 2002, the most at-need students would nearly be able to cover their entire tuition and fees at these lower-cost institutions by qualifying for the maximum Pell Grant. But now, those qualifying for maximum Pell awards would find it covers just 59%.Not only has the Pell Grant not kept pace with college costs, it hasn’t kept pace with inflation. To have the same buying power as ,400 did in the grant’s early days, the maximum award amount would need to be about ,000 today.Loans likely filling the funding gapAccording to data from the most recent National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, 90% of dependent full-time undergraduates from households in the lowest income quartile received a Pell Grant in 2016. Among independent undergraduates in that income bracket, 64% received the grant.State and institutional need-based grants may be picking up some of the slack. State need-based grants went to 27% of all full-time students at public four-year institutions in 2016. Need-based grants from institutions went to 17%. But some 57% of students in this lowest income group took out student loans that year.While the Pell Grant typically accounted for 34% of a low-income undergraduate’s total aid in 2016, loans accounted for 44%.Gone are the days when a student’s job (or jobs) could cover their college costs. When grants and scholarships — free money — aren’t enough to cover the costs of education, those from households without college savings have little choice but to turn to borrowing. But student loan debt can be detrimental to lower-income students. A degree can confer higher earning potential, but for a variety of reasons — some of them financial — students in the lowest income brackets are typically the least likely to graduate, according to data from the U.S. Department of Education.Low-income parents also feeling the stingWhen a dependent student has exhausted grants and federal loan limits themselves, they can tap their parents’ borrowing potential.Parent PLUS loans have been around since 1980, allowing parents to borrow up to the difference between the entire cost of attendance and the aid directly awarded to their student. Borrowers must pass a credit check, but there are no income requirements. As of the second quarter of 2020, these loans account for billion or over 6% of all federal student loans outstanding, according to the Department of Education.In 2016, 11% of dependent full-time students in the lowest income quartile at public four-year institutions benefited from federal parent PLUS loans, according to the NPSAS. That’s compared to just 3% in 1996. These loans typically amounted to ,500 in 2016.Federal PLUS loans come with higher interest rates and fewer repayment options than federal student loans. In the 2020-21 school year, PLUS loans are being offered at 5.3% interest compared with 2.75% for federal undergraduate loans. And should a parent run into difficulties repaying the loans — as they increasingly do, according to an analysis from the Brookings Institution — there is only one income-driven plan available. Income-Contingent Repayment plans lower monthly payments by capping them at a percentage of income, but increase the total amount paid over the life of the loan due to interest and an increased term length.What students can doBarring significant increases in need-based aid or significant decreases in college costs, lower-income students and their parents will often have to continue cobbling together their college funds from a variety of sources.The following tips are applicable for anyone who doesn’t have their entire cost of college covered:Maximize free money. Fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, on time — every year. It’s how you access federal, state and institutional financial aid. Apply for scholarships every year, and only turn to loans when free money is exhausted.Be strategic about borrowing. Borrow only what’s needed and opt for federal student loans whenever possible. Carefully weigh the risks of borrowing a parent PLUS loan versus a private student loan, should education expenses exceed what you can qualify for.Compare costs across institutions. Don’t commit too quickly — weigh all costs associated with attending various schools, and consider starting your college career at a lower-cost community college.Earn while you learn. Look into the work-study program or a part-time job to earn money while in school.Stay committed. Seek out resources on and off campus to stay engaged and enrolled. Leaving college without the increased earning power of a degree makes student loan debt that much harder to pay off.More From NerdWalletHow a Gap Year Might Haunt You FinanciallyDon’t Wait to Refinance These Student Loans‘Shadow’ Lenders Can Leave College Students in the DarkElizabeth Renter is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: elizabeth@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @elizabethrenter. 6721

UK Prime Minister Theresa May has survived a vote of no confidence triggered by members of her own party over her handling of Brexit.The result was announced by Graham Brady, a member of parliament who chairs the 1922 Committee, which represents Conservative lawmakers in the House of Commons.Voting by secret ballot began at 6 p.m. (1 p.m. ET) Wednesday evening after May made her final pitch to lawmakers promising them she wouldn't fight the next general election in 2022. A pro-May MP told CNN the Prime Minister "got a real grilling, but overall solid support" as she made her case to MPs.Wednesday's no-confidence vote could not have come at a worse time for May, who had been crisscrossing Europe to beg EU leaders for help passing her Brexit deal through UK Parliament.May was forced to postpone a vote on the deal on Monday when it became clear her bill would face a humiliating defeat.The Prime Minister's victory protects her from another leadership challenge from within her own party for 12 months. 1029

Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey says "we're ready to question everything" about the social networking site that has been overrun by spam, abuse and misinformation.Dorsey says he and his team are working extensively behind the scenes to stamp out some of the harassment and hate speech that has generated bad headlines lately.But it is a long-term effort, he says, and he is reluctant to commit to an exact timetable for certain changes to Twitter's foundation.In twelve years, "we've changed a lot. But we haven't changed the underlying fundamentals," Dorsey told CNN in an in-depth interview at the company's headquarters on Friday.The basic fundamentals are what he is examining now. For instance: What does Twitter incentivize its users to do?"Every product decision we make is 'telling' them to do something," Dorsey said.So he is thinking about how to help users follow topics and hashtags, not just people."We are aware of some of the silos and how we're isolating people by only giving them crude tools to follow accounts. We need to broaden our thinking and get more back to an interest-based network," he said.Related: Twitter's Jack Dorsey: 'We are not' discriminating against any political viewpointDorsey is also rethinking how follower counts and "likes" on posts are displayed, because the race to gain followers and likes may encourage outrageous behavior.His view is that Twitter needs to be much more "transparent" and open about its actions. But that transparency, some of which was on display during Dorsey's media tour this month, means asking questions without actually answering them.Among the questions Dorsey asked in the CNN interview: "How do we earn peoples' trust?" and "How do we guide people back to healthy conversation?"While he may get credit for asking big, philosophical questions about how his site operates, Dorsey remains vulnerable to criticism about Twitter's inaction.He responded to that by saying "we are taking a lot more action than we ever have in the past." But much of the action is invisible to users, he asserted.For example: The disabling of bot networks and other suspicious accounts. Dorsey said Twitter challenges "10 million accounts every single week to see if they're automations or humans," and takes action accordingly.But Twitter's stock plunged last month when its quarterly earnings report showed a decline in user growth, which the company attributed to its efforts to clean up the site, akin to gardeners removing weeds.Nonetheless, Dorsey is committed to what he calls "conversational health" -- the quality of an exchange on Twitter -- which he is trying to measure with the help of two research groups. He said investors should take a look at the long-term trends: "We see this as necessary and right and we believe in it and we have conviction around it, and we'll take the hit in the short term."Related: Twitter is purging suspicious accounts from your follower countHe also asserted that "over the short term, a lot of this work is invisible, and over the long term, it starts to add up."As for some of the specific changes, like a rethinking of the like button, Dorsey was reluctant to talk about a timeline."We're looking and thinking about all these things right now," he said. So: By the end of the year? "I worry about a time frame like that," he said, "because we also need to take into consideration -- we're a small company. I mean we, in comparison with our peers, we're a small company, but we have this outsized impact and I believe, importance."Later, he added, "We have to understand first the problem we're trying to solve, like what incentives we actually want to drive; not just what we want to remove, but what we want to drive." But he said he knows he wants incentives "that encourage people to talk and to have healthy conversation." 3824

Uber and Lyft have been awarded a five-year federal contract, estimated to be worth up to 0 million, according to various reports.The contract was awarded Monday by the General Services Administration, according to both companies.Although federal employees could use Uber and Lyft in the past, the contract will allow the ride-sharing companies to formally work with federal agencies to launch and promote their services to their roughly 4 million employees. “The expansion of our customer base to include government is a natural next step for us, and we’re proud to help federal agencies tackle some of the biggest administrative challenges they face,” Ronnie Gurion, global head of Uber for Business, said in a statement to The Hill.The contracts were tentatively awarded to Uber and Lyft in April, following a multi-year negotiation process. At the time, according to reports, the GSA said they were able to negotiate discounts between two and four percent. 971

Two dogs were rescued after they were left inside a hot car in Brooklyn Saturday afternoon.NYPD Emergency Service Unit responded to 64th Street in Brooklyn and quickly gained access to the dogs, NYPD Special Ops said on Twitter.Oxygen was administered as the dogs were getting cooled down by officers.Both dogs were taken to the animal hospital where one is in critical condition with a strong heartbeat, police said.The dogs’ owner was arrested.Saturday’s temperatures reached highs in the 80s and low 90s. Temperatures inside cars are known to be even hotter than outdoor temperatures. 595

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