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Back-to-school shopping is an expensive chore in a normal year; this year is anything but normal. But with August upon us, stores are putting out back-to-school displays in anticipation of children needing to learn, whether in the classroom or at home.Two-fifths (40%) of parents with children in K-12 or college anticipate their children will be attending classes in a hybrid environment (both in-person and remote) in the fall of 2020, according to a new NerdWallet survey conducted online July 16-20 by The Harris Poll among over 600 parents. Planning for multiple scenarios could result in the need for increased back-to-school spending, but many may not have the extra money this year.Nearly half (47%) of parents expect they’ll spend less on back-to-school shopping than they otherwise would, due to the coronavirus pandemic, according to the survey. Of them, 40% say it’s because their household income has been affected by the pandemic and related economic effects.On the other hand, one-fifth (20%) of parents expect to spend more this year on back-to-school purchases than they otherwise would, due to the pandemic. Of them, 54% think they’ll be spending more to outfit a home learning environment, and 50% will be spending more to account for supplies for both in-person and at-home learning.“Saving on back-to-school shopping takes some strategizing in a normal school year, but this year poses unique challenges: Not only is it harder to know what students might need, but many families are eyeing big purchases to make remote learning easier, including electronics and desks,” says Kimberly Palmer, personal finance expert at NerdWallet. “At the same time, many families have less room in their budget to make new purchases because of the pandemic.”1. Shop for the short termWhether you’re spending less this year out of necessity or you’re anticipating having to spend more: Buy only what you need. If 2020 has taught us anything, it’s that well-laid plans can change. So purchase what you need to get the school year started and plan to supplement those purchases as the semester unfolds. You may find that some items get less expensive as the seasons change.“Unless you have your eye on a specific type of computer or another item that could sell out, it’s OK to wait to make your purchases until after the school year begins — in fact, that’s when you see many of the best deals,” Palmer says.2. Take advantage of credit card rewardsMore than half (53%) of parents who will back-to-school shop this year plan to use a credit card on those purchases, according to the survey. Putting your expenses on a cash-back credit card could put your money to work for you. You may even reap enough to cover next year’s back-to-school expenses entirely. Just make sure you’re able to pay off the balance each cycle, as interest can quickly negate any benefits.3. Check prices before and after shoppingPrice matching involves comparing identical items at other stores and asking a retailer to match a lower price. The trick may not make sense for a package of pencils, but for clothing, electronics and other higher-dollar items, a successful price match could save you tens of dollars, if not more.Check a retailer’s website for its price matching policy details. Many will also refund the price difference if you spot a cheaper price within a certain time frame after the purchase.4. Team up to buy in bulkRegardless of where your child is learning this fall, they’ll need supplies that other students are also after. By teaming up with other parents, you can purchase things like hand sanitizer and supplies for homework and note-taking in bulk. If your child’s teacher is reluctant to give out parents’ contact information, ask if they would send out yours in a group email so other parents can reach you if they’re interested in group savings.“With many parents focused on at-home learning, you can also find savings by teaming up with other families in your neighborhood on purchases,” Palmer says. “Some communities are forming ‘pandemic pods’ to share the burden of teaching at home and keep kids socialized — pooling school supplies across the pod can spread the expenses and make them more manageable.”5. Shop on tax-free holidaysSixteen states are having sales tax holidays in August 2020. Most of them last through a full weekend, and some even longer. Retailers that offer online ordering for in-store pickup may require you to order and pick up on those particular days to reap the tax-free benefits. The specifics of each state’s holiday vary, but generally, they allow you to purchase certain back-to-school items without paying sales tax.6. Practice and teach thriftinessIf money is very tight, your child might be able to reuse some of last year’s supplies such as their backpack or leftover pencils and notebooks. You can also shop secondhand on sites like Poshmark or thredUP for clothing throughout the school year. And don’t be afraid to ask for help — many schools are putting programs in place that help outfit homes with the technology needed for remote learning.If your child isn’t accustomed to having to make sacrifices like this, use them as a teachable moment. Older kids can learn the complexities of managing a budget, a tool they’ll need in adulthood, and younger ones can learn what saving money means and help you search for the lowest prices.“Some communities are also organizing online volunteer opportunities for high schoolers to help match up with elementary school children who need extra help, which can be a great way to provide learning opportunities to both age groups in a safe, free way,” Palmer adds. “This school year will be unlike any other, which means parents and children will have to get more creative with stretching their back-to-school budgets.”More From NerdWalletWhat to Know Before Laying Down Money for a MattressWhat to Buy (and Skip) in FebruaryHere’s When Everything Will Go on Sale in 2020Elizabeth Renter is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: elizabeth@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @elizabethrenter. 6071

As the debate about mask mandates continues in some states, a new study reportedly shows social distancing is just as important to reduce the spread of COVID-19. The study looked at the effectiveness of face coverings when someone coughs repeatedly, coughing is one of the symptoms of COVID-19.The study was published in a June issue of “Physics of Fluid”, by AIP Publishing, and was conducted by Talib Dbouk and Dimitris Drikakis from the University of Nicosia in Cyprus.The researchers used computer modeling to show the range of saliva droplets when people cough. Previous work from this group showed saliva can travel about 18 feet when a person coughs and is not wearing a mask or covering their mouth.This new study built on that research to add in the variables of face coverings and repeated coughing. They used information available about filters used in surgical masks. 887

As millions of Americans are struggling to find work, some have stopped looking and decided to create an opportunity for themselves instead.Experts believe this is evident in the sudden spike of new business applications.For example, a few months ago, Leigh Altshuler in New York City lost her job and rather than search for a new one, she decided to invest her entire savings into a business around her passion for books.“I was caught definitely by surprise,” said Altshuler. “I felt so low when I lost my job and to be able to turn this into something that makes me feel so lucky and so fortunate, is already a huge success.”Altshuler’s bookstore, Sweet Pickle Books, is expected to open by the end of October.Nicolas Bryon took a similar path.“I was working at a local restaurant here in Tampa when the pandemic hit,” said Bryon. “I was a forced layoff."Bryon and his brother recently opened a meal kit business around the chef’s homemade pasta. Starting a business together was an idea they had kicked around for years, but never had the time to flesh it out. That is, until Bryon lost his job.“Definitely had the time to slow things down and plan things out,” added Bryon.The business has taken off, providing more than a good income for the siblings.“I feel free,” he explained. "I feel a lot freer than I did a few months ago. Doing what I love, like on my own time, creating my own dishes and being financially sustained. It’s awesome.”According to data provided by the U.S. Census Bureau, across the country, there have been at least 3.2 million new business applications filed this year. This time last year, that number was around 2.7 million.“It is hard to know at the moment as to whether or not this trend that we have seen, that is very discernible, is going to continue and it is hard to know exactly what the real impact over time is going to be,” said John Dearie, founder of the Center for American Entrepreneurship in Washington, D.C.Dearie believes new businesses like Sweet Pickle Books and Pasta Packs have an uphill battle. However, if these businesses and other new ones survive, they could be a major factor in our economic recovery.“Startups are disproportionately responsible, they are not the only source, but they are the major source, but disproportionately responsible for the innovations that drive economic growth and job creation in the economy,” explained Dearie.For now, they are helping at least three people survive and find purpose in this pandemic. 2497

Attending college from a laptop in your childhood bedroom might not be the experience you had in mind.But just because you’re not living in a dorm this fall doesn’t mean that expenses disappear. Your cost of attendance might have changed if you’re learning remotely due to COVID-19, but colleges will factor at-home or off-campus living expenses into your overall costs.And you can still use financial aid — including student loans — to pay for them.How cost of attendance worksColleges determine their own cost of attendance for each academic year. This amount factors in all of your direct costs including tuition, fees, room and board, as well as estimates for books, supplies, technology and transportation. Schools often have different cost-of-attendance calculations for students who live in dorms, off campus or even in another state.Your financial aid and student loans are applied first toward tuition and fees, then room and board. Any remaining funds are distributed to you to use for living expenses.Your aid package might shift if your cost of attendance changes.For example, you can borrow money only up to the total cost of attendance; if that number goes down, so does the amount you can borrow. And if any part of your aid package is pegged to living on campus and you no longer are, your aid could change.How cost of attendance is different this yearCost of attendance is adjusted annually, but some schools are modifying their calculations due to the pandemic. For example, Williams College, a private school in Williamstown, Massachusetts, reduced its cost of attendance for 2020-21 by 15%. Williams College is planning a hybrid of in-person and remote learning — students can live on campus if they want to.Schools that go fully remote will have few — or no — options for on-campus housing. And that could mean heading back to your parents’ house or finding off-campus accommodations.Your school might break down the cost of attendance according to your living situation. Here’s what 2020-21 looks like at the University of California, Berkeley, for example, where students will attend remotely for the start of the fall semester:Living in a campus residence hall: ,460.Living in an on-campus apartment: ,876.Living in an off-campus apartment: ,920.Living with relatives: ,492.If your school goes remote, the cost of attendance will be modified for all students. But if you have the choice to return to campus and stay home instead, you must let the college know your plans so your cost is adjusted.“It’s actually less expensive if students stay home and take classes remotely,” says William Hudson Jr., vice president for student affairs at Florida A&M University in Tallahassee, which is planning a hybrid approach.Cost of attendance represents the ceiling on what you can borrow. Every dollar you don’t have to borrow is a dollar you don’t have to repay, with interest, down the road. That means if you stay home rent-free or share an apartment with others to save on living costs, you’re way ahead in the long run.Here are some possible college living arrangements you’ll have in the fall and how to pay for them:Living on campus for in-person or online classesIf your school is operating an in-person or hybrid model where you live on campus, your cost of attendance won’t change, which means your financial aid won’t change either.But your campus could close during the school year due to COVID-19. If this happens, as it did to many colleges last spring, your school will likely reimburse a prorated amount for nontuition costs like room, board and facility fees.Multiple schools that are planning to open in person are also moving to remote instruction after Thanksgiving break. Some schools are also staggering move-in dates. Those factors could alter the total cost of room and board you’re paying this semester.For example, at Penn State University, students will start the fall semester in person but switch to remote learning in late November. To reflect this change, the cost of a standard double room was lowered by 7 — from ,427 to ,820 — and the midlevel meal plan was lowered from ,449 to ,193.Living off campus on your own or with roommatesLiving off campus, you won’t have room and board taken into consideration, but you’ll have additional expenses like rent, groceries and utilities. You can use financial aid to pay these bills.Colleges often use regional data and student surveys to come up with estimates for off-campus rent and utilities, and oftentimes those amounts aren’t too different from living on campus, says Jill Desjean, policy analyst at the National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators. However, your school will always consider living off campus to be cheaper than living on campus.Montclair State University in New Jersey, for example, estimates that housing and meals for in-state students who live off campus will cost ,068 for the fall semester, compared with ,193 for room and board on campus.Living at home with your parentsYour expenses may be lower at home with your parents than living on your own or on campus, but colleges will factor into their estimates the costs your parents take on by having you home, Desjean says.“When you bring that student back in, the lights are on longer, you have to feed them so the cost of food goes up, heating — everything goes up,” Desjean says. You can use financial aid to offset your contribution to increased home bills.And remember that the school’s cost of attendance impacts how much financial aid you can get, but it’s an estimate rather than an exhaustive list. You might need additional technology and equipment to learn more effectively from home, such as a dedicated desk setup and laptop if you don’t have one.How to get more funds for living expensesIf you or your family run into financial difficulty during the school year, ask your school about getting more financial aid. This requires you to submit a financial aid appeal to your school with a letter and to update the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA.You might also qualify for emergency aid such as cash grants, completion scholarships, emergency student loans or vouchers.More From NerdWalletWhat Is College Cost of Attendance?7 Kinds of COVID-19 Relief for College StudentsCollege During COVID-19: Your Aid Questions AnsweredAnna Helhoski is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: anna@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @AnnaHelhoski. 6470

At least seven people have been killed and six attackers "neutralized" Friday in Burkina Faso after attacks on the national army headquarters and the French Embassy, a government minister said.It's not yet clear who was behind the violence in the West African nation's capital, Ouagadougou.France's special envoy to Africa's Sahel region, Jean-Marc Chataigner, urged people to avoid the city center in a tweet referring to a "terrorist attack."Rémi Dandjinou, Burkina Faso's minister of communication, told CNN that an explosive device was used in the attack at the General Staff of the Armed Forces. At least five people were killed and two attackers "neutralized" there, he said.Four attackers were also "neutralized" and two Burkina Faso security members killed at the French Embassy, according to Dandjinou.He cautioned that the death toll might change.A spokesman for the French Ministry of Defense told CNN the situation at the embassy was under control.Freelance journalist Yacouba Ouédraogo, who is in Ouagadougou, told CNN the shooting had stopped and that the people who attacked the army headquarters wore Burkinabé army clothes.A government statement urged people to keep calm and avoid areas where there might be gunfire.The French Embassy earlier said on Facebook that attacks were underway there and at the French Institute, a cultural organization about a mile away.France's ambassador to Burkina Faso, Xavier Lapdecab, urged people via Twitter to act with "absolute precaution" as the attack was ongoing.Burkina Faso's national police warned people to move away from areas around the "vicinity of the Prime Ministry -- and the United Nations roundabout" in a post on its Facebook page. "The specialized units of the defense and security forces are in action," it said.The Prime Minister's office later posted on Facebook that it was not affected by the attack.The US Embassy urged people to seek shelter."Attacks are reported to be ongoing in downtown Ouagadougou, in the Koulouba area. The affected area includes the Chief of Staff Headquarters. Avoid downtown Ouagadougou. Shelter in place. Monitor local media for updates," it said on Twitter.France has a military presence in Burkina Faso as part of Operation Barkhane, which was launched in 2014 to combat jihadist activity across the Sahel region.The West, particularly France, considers Burkina Faso a key ally in the fight against al Qaeda in the region.The country was formerly known as the Republic of Upper Volta when it was established in 1958 as a self-governing colony under France. It gained full independence in 1960.It's not the first time that sites in the capital have come under attack.An attack by gunmen last year on a restaurant in Ouagadougou left at least 18 people dead, including two attackers. The victims were of several different nationalities.That assault echoed a similar one in 2016 on a cafe and hotel popular with Western diplomats in the same district of the city that left 29 dead. Responsibility for that attack was claimed by an al Qaeda affiliate, al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb.Later that year a jihadist assault on the Grand-Bassam beach resort killed 16 in neighboring Ivory Coast.  3206

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