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WASHINGTON, Dec. 7 (Xinhua) -- Drugs that affect the levels of an important brain protein involved in learning and memory reverse cellular changes in the brain seen during aging, according to an animal study published Wednesday in the Journal of Neuroscience. The findings could one day aid in the development of new drugs that enhance cognitive function in older adults.Aging-related memory loss is associated with the gradual deterioration of the structure and function of synapses (the connections between brain cells) in brain regions critical to learning and memory, such as the hippocampus.Recent studies suggested that histone acetylation, a chemical process that controls whether genes are turned on, affects this process. Specifically, it affects brain cells' ability to alter the strength and structure of their connections for information storage, a process known as synaptic plasticity, which is a cellular signature of memory.In the current study, Cui-Wei Xie, of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues found that compared with younger rats, hippocampi from older rats have less brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -- a protein that promotes synaptic plasticity -- and less histone acetylation of the Bdnf gene. By treating the hippocampal tissue from older animals with a drug that increased histone acetylation, they were able to restore BDNF production and synaptic plasticity to levels found in younger animals."These findings shed light on why synapses become less efficient and more vulnerable to impairment during aging," said Xie, who led the study. "Such knowledge could help develop new drugs for cognitive aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease," she added.

BEIJING, Dec. 27 (Xinhua) -- The People's Bank of China (PBOC), China's central bank, announced Tuesday that it is banning local regions, institutions or individuals from setting up gold exchanges apart from the existing Shanghai Gold Exchange and Shanghai Futures Exchange.The country also bans the establishment of any gold trading platforms in other exchanges, a statement on the PBOC website said.The statement said the country has ordered a cease to the building of any new gold exchanges or trading platforms. Those which have opened for business must cease operations.The ban came amid bigger risks in gold trading after some local regions, institutions and individuals grew enthusiastic in setting up gold exchanges and trading platforms in recent years as gold prices soared, which led to a surge of illegal practices due to inadequate management, the statement said.It added the central bank will work with the Shanghai Gold Exchange and Shanghai Futures Exchange to boost the healthy development of the country's gold trading market.

BEIJING, Oct. 20 (Xinhuanet) -- British scientists used bacteria and DNA to build basic components for digital devices in a new research, according to media reports, suggesting biological computers come closer to reality.Digital devices are based on logic gates, fundamental building blocks in silicon circuitry, said Professor Richard Kitney, leading researcher of the research published in the journal Nature Communications, "Without them, we could not process digital information."According to Science Daily, Professor Kitney and his colleagues from the Imperial College London replicated the building blocks using bacteria and DNA, forming biological logic gates, which paved the way for building more complex biological processors in the future.The researchers hoped biological computers can be applied to monitoring human health in the future.They believed that small biological processors, inserted in human bodies, could roam inside the bodies, monitor the health, and correct any problems they found.These biological logic gates are the most advanced created by scientists. But there is still a long way to go to apply them in reality, said Professor Kitney.

RIO DE JANEIRO, Oct. 11 (Xinhua) -- The World Health Organization (WHO) on Tuesday highlighted Brazil's efforts to stop tuberculosis (TB) in its territory.According to a report released by the organization, Brazil achieved significant and sustained improvement in the fight against TB in the past years.Along with Cambodia, China, Uganda, and Tanzania, Brazil is one of the five nations which succeeded in reducing TB death rate in 2010 by half compared with 1990.The number of TB cases in the world fell for the first time in 2010, said the WHO. But with 8.8 million cases, the disease remained a major global health problem, said the organization.Although the TB death rate had significantly dropped over the years, the disease killed 1.4 million people around the world in 2010 alone.

SAN FRANCISCO, Dec. 8 (Xinhua) -- Twitter on Thursday started to roll out a major redesign of its interface in hopes of simplifying users' experience, as well as new brand pages to strengthen its relationship with advertisers.During a press conference at its new headquarters in San Francisco, Twitter Chief Executive Officer Dick Costolo and co- founder Jack Dorsey unveiled a whole new look of the social networking and microblogging service.According to an introduction video, the new homepage features profile on the left and the timeline on the right, which are flipped from the current positions and take less space than they used to.Three new buttons were also introduced as "Home," "Connect" and "Discover." "Connect" shows users who has mentioned them and suggests some accounts they might want to follow. "When you use Discover, you'll see results reflecting your interests -- based on your current location, what you follow and what's happening in the world," said Twitter.The overhauled interface is only available to a small group of users at first and will be rolled out to all users over the coming months. It will also remain consistent across Twitter's official mobile apps. Twitter has launched a page fly.twitter.com to explain all the changes.Along with the introduction of the redesign, Twitter also announced new brand pages on its platform. A total of 21 brand partners will be included in the initial launch, such as American Express, Best Buy, Bing, Coca-Cola, HP, Disney and Nike.Analysts said Twitter has ambitions to compete with similar brand pages from Facebook and Google+. According to eMarketer, Twitter's global advertising revenue is expected to reach 139.5 million U.S. dollars this year and approach 400 million dollars in 2013.