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BARONA, Calif. (KGTV) -- As the nation observes Native American Heritage Month, the tragic and triumphant story of Matt LaChappa, the longest-tenured San Diego Padres player, demonstrates there are different types of tribes.With a 95 mile-per-hour fastball and a 6'3" frame, LaChappa was precisely the kind of prospect the San Diego Padres were looking for.The team drafted him out of high school in 1993, and they found him in an unlikely place: the Barona Reservation."Matt was like any other kid on an Indian Reservation, a lot of poverty," said his father Clifford LaChappa.The elder LaChappa admits he never expected to see his son go from the ball fields at Barona to the second round of the MLB draft, then to a promotion on the Padres Class A Advanced farm team, which at that time was the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes."He was pegged to make it, but God had other plans for him," Clifford LaChappa said.RELATED: Celebrating Community: Kumeyaay People of San DiegoWhile Matt was warming up in the bullpen during a game on April 6, 1996, he suffered a heart attack. He spent months in a coma.Today, he's 44 years old and living with a brain injury. He can speak a few words, like "hi Dad," with difficulty."He can't get up, he can't walk," Clifford LaChappa said. "He can't shave or shower."That's where his first tribe comes in. Family members and caregivers provide Matt with round-the-clock care.But behind the scenes, there's a second team in Matt's corner. RELATED: Native American tribes join to celebrate life and heritage at San Diego powwowEvery year since he collapsed, the Padres have signed Matt to a rookie contract so that, in part, he has ongoing access to medical care."They're totally our family," Clifford said. "They're always there for Matt."Matt LaChappa now has a little league field named in his honor in Lakeside, and he gives right back to the community that supports him. With help from the Barona tribe, Matt and his family host an annual charity golf tournament. The proceeds fund five academic scholarships a year for Native American students in San Diego County."Why was it important to do something like that?" I asked Clifford."Because of Matt," he responded. A few feet away, Matt howled.RELATED: Powwow showcases Native American traditions"He's crying," Clifford explained. "Because Matt was a giver."On the 25th anniversary of the day that changed Matt LaChappa's life, the Quakes invited Matt and his family to throw out the first pitch."When we got there, when we saw everybody clap, it was like a comfort. They really cared," Clifford said. It was a sign of yet another tribe in Matt LaChappa's corner. 2649

Being home more during the pandemic, and with less traffic on the roads from stay-at-home orders, many people have heard more bird calls and the sounds of nature in urban areas. Scientists now say at least one bird species has been able to adjust their bird song because of the lack of human noise to compete with.Researchers have been studying the white-crowned sparrows in and around San Francisco for more than two decades. They compare their songs in recent years with recordings made in the 1970s.They found as traffic levels increased over the decades, the lowest frequencies of the sparrows’ song rose. This allowed their song to be heard above the low hum of vehicles. The top frequencies remained the same, so the total frequency bandwidth of their communication was narrowed.Degrading their songs this way, and limiting their range, makes them less effective at deterring rivals, attracting mates, or hearing their own chicks, according to researchers. In noisy environments, birds have to sing louder, which research has shown can result in stress and can speed up a bird’s aging and disrupt their metabolisms.When stay-at-home orders and coronavirus pandemic safety measures were put in place in March, the lead researcher, Elizabeth Derryberry, remembers seeing an image of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco completely empty of cars or humans. She wondered how the sparrows were responding.They compared audio recordings of the bird songs from spring 2015 and 2016, to those taken this spring. The recordings were made in a variety of urban and rural locations around the greater San Francisco area.“We found that birds sung at lower minimum frequencies, achieving greater bandwidth songs in newly open acoustic space. An increase in frequency bandwidth results in the transmission of more information and greater vocal performance,” the study states.The samples taken in 2020 revealed the white-crowned sparrows had changed their tune, so-to-speak, and were singing softer and using a wider range of frequencies. They also were able to communicate twice as far as previous recordings.“This doubling in communication distance could elevate fitness by reducing territorial conflicts and increasing mating potential,” researchers stated.Researchers also say this explains why more people report hearing birds during the pandemic. Since the songs are traveling farther distances, humans are able to hear more of them.They also say the changes in the birds’ songs were more pronounced in urban areas compared to the rural location samples. This would make sense, they say, because the traffic noise did not change as drastically in the rural locations during the pandemic.“Our findings indicate that songbirds like white-crowned sparrows have a striking capacity to exploit newly empty soundscapes following acute but ephemeral amelioration of noise pollution, suggesting that lasting remediation might engender even more promising outcomes, such as demographic recovery and higher species diversity in urban areas,” they concluded. 3055

BONITA SPRINGS, Fla. -- There are invaders in Gulf waters, and researchers at Florida Gulf Coast University are working to find out more about them, so they can be stopped. Invasive exotic Lionfish are native to the Pacific Ocean. But they're now appearing more frequently in the Gulf where they have no known predators.FGCU Marine Scientist Mike Parsons said the growing lionfish population is threatening to crowd out the native species so many Southwest Floridians love to catch and eat."They're competing with other fish for places to live and food to eat," Parsons said."So they'll be bad for other fish like grouper, for example." he added.Parsons and other researchers are looking for solutions as they closely study lionfish at FGCU's Vester Marine Science Field station in Bonita Springs. Researcher Emma DeRoy said part of the problem is that lionfish can live in every part of the Gulf."They're habitat generalists," said DeRoy, whose work at Vester Field Station focuses on lionfish. "They'll thrive in sea grass, mangroves, corals - anything with structure."DeRoy said lionfish also tend to eat the small fish that eat algae off coral.  If those small fish aren't around, there's nothing protecting living coral from all that algae."Then the algae overgrows the coral and basically suffocates it," she says.  "And then you get coral dying off."She says lionfish also grow up faster than local species like grouper - giving them a head start on establishing themselves in a habitat and eating whatever they want. Lionfish mature within a year, whereas grouper take around 4-to-5 years, DeRoy said. "I think the other big factor is they re-produce so often and they produce so many eggs," Parsons said "Their population can just explode." Parsons estimated their reproductive rate to be astronomical."Somewhere on the order of 2 million eggs per female every time they spawn," says Parsons. "And they may spawn multiple times per year.""That's a lot of youngin's," he adds.Charter boat captain Billy D'Antuono said huge numbers of lionfish are being hauled in from the northern Gulf off the panhandle of Florida."They'll go and clean off a spot and get 500, and they'll go back the next week and there's 500 more," says D'Antuono."They're bringing back thousands of them in a day," he adds.Some say the biggest hope for getting the lionfish population under control is human consumption."The one good thing is they are a delicious fish," says Parsons."Lion fish are just very good to eat," says D'Antuono. "You can eat it as sushi," he added.D'Antuono is quick to point out lionfish are not poisonous - just venomous. He said that distinction matters."The venom is only in the spine, so the meat is very good," he says.  "It's one my favorite fish to eat."More Florida restaurants are now selling lionfish, and more stores (Whole Foods for example) are selling it at prices that create financial incentive for the commercial fishing industry."It's the same level as grouper prices, a pound," D'Antuono said.D'Antuono is hoping to generate more interest in hunting lionfish by posting videos of his spearfishing adventures on his website.As researchers look for ways to get the lionfish population under control, they're calling on you to do your part.When Scripps station WFTX in Fort Myers asked Parsons what people should do if they see a lionfish, he response is simple but direct. "Kill it," he says.  "And then eat it. Remove it from the environment." D'Antuono recommended killing lionfish carefully, though, because their spines are venomous.D'Antuono said he has been stung before and described the pain as memorable.  "It's like someone putting a nail in your hand and somebody slamming the nail in your hand for about two hours," he says. "It's very painful."But he said he fears the bigger pain lionfish will inflict will be on the fragile ecosystem in our Gulf. "They've invasive," he said. "Over the years, these fish could be the only thing left."D'Antuono is encouraging others to join him in spearfishing lionfish. He even organizes tournaments - telling WFTX he's hoping the next one will be this summer at Three 60 Market in Naples. 4363

BIG BEAR LAKE, Calif. (AP) — Late-season rain and snow were apparently too much for a bald eagle chick in a California forest nest watched by a popular internet camera .The death of the chick named Cookie was announced Monday by the environmental advocacy group Friends of Big Bear Valley and the San Bernardino National Forest."We are very sad to say that it looks like Cookie died just a little bit ago," the environmental group said. "He was up earlier but looked weak; he also seemed less energetic yesterday. This last storm was a tough one with rain first and then snow and cold temperatures."Cookie and a sibling named Simba hatched last month in the nest near Big Bear Lake east of Los Angeles. They were named through a contest for schoolchildren.Both were determined to be in good condition last week when a trained climber removed them from the nest, determined they were males, banded them and then returned them to their home high in a tree.The U.S. Forest Service tweeted that weekend rain followed by snow brought overnight temperatures down to 26 degrees (-3 Celsius) and that hypothermia was likely the cause of death.At the current stage, eagle chicks are too big to be fully covered by their mother and only have juvenile feathers, which makes it difficult to retain heat when they become wet, the Forest Service said."Rain followed by snow is never a good combination, as it begins to ice the body," the service said.A chick that dies in a nest is typically moved off to the side or covered in new nesting material."Nature can be very tough," Friends of Big Bear Valley said on its website. "The survival rate for bald eagles is 50% in the first year. We will all be rooting for Simba to stay strong and healthy."Forecasters said this week's weather will be warmer, with temperatures closer to normal for the end of May, but there will be a chance of thunderstorms over the San Bernardino Mountains each afternoon. Weather will revert to cooler next weekend. 1986

BALTIMORE, Md. - Your mother wears combat boots. Yes, she does with a beautiful off-the-shoulder gown with tattoos that show off her love for her autistic son, her family, and country.Lt. Col. Rose Forrest from Annapolis, makes the transition from military service to civilian service in incredible fashion. This Lt. Col. and Army lawyer mom is out to win Miss Veteran America.She’s up against 24 other military challengers. Five women will be judged, each has cracked the ceiling in their military branches. Rose must sing and dance, show she’s fit, and walk the runway in an evening gown.If she wins next month her mission will be to help our women who have served our country but find themselves homeless.This story was first reported by Jamie Costello at WMAR in Baltimore, Maryland. 795

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