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WASHINGTON, July 7 (Xinhua) -- Space shuttle Atlantis will soar into the sky Friday on NASA's 135th and final flight. Its scheduled return to Earth later this month will mark the end of NASA's 30-year space program.Since its onset with the launch of space shuttle Columbia, the program has been seen as a cheap, safe and reliable way for space exploration.Despite its great contributions to U.S. manned space flight, it has also left some grave and tragic lessons, making its termination inevitable.HIKING COSTSLaunched in 1972 by then President Richard Nixon, the shuttle program aimed to provide a new system of affordable space travel and proved to be NASA's most enduring project in its 50 years of existence.In 1981, shuttle Columbia made its first shuttle flight for two days. It was the ultimate hybrid and the first reusable spacecraft.Launched like a rocket and gliding back to Earth like an airplane, space shuttles not only can act as a space taxi to carry astronauts, but have the muscle of a long-distance trucker to haul heavy machinery.The spaceship boasts more than 3,500 subsystems and 2.5 million parts and is nine times faster than a speeding bullet as it climbs heavenward. That versatility, however, has translated into higher costs.NASA originally estimated the program would cost about 90 billion U.S. dollars. However, its actual cost stands at about 200 billion dollars, compared with the 151 billion dollars spent on Apollo which took Americans to the moon in 1969.In an article in Technology Review, John Logsdon, former head of the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University, drew a direct connection between the ravenous shuttle budget and the lack of other large advances in manned space flight."By operating the system for 30 years, with its high costs and high risk, rather than replacing it with a less expensive, less risky second-generation system, NASA compounded the original mistake of developing the most ambitious version of the vehicle," he wrote."The shuttle's cost has been an obstacle to NASA starting other major projects," he added.HIGH RISKIn terms of safety, the shuttles have never been as reliable as their designers had envisioned.On average, one out of every 67 flights ended up with fatal accidents. Based on the rate of deaths per million miles traveled, the space shuttle is 138 times riskier than a passenger jet.Seven astronauts onboard died when Challenger exploded about a minute after launch in 1986. Nearly two decades after the tragic blast, a new catastrophe descended when the shuttle Columbia disintegrated moments before landing in 2003, killing another seven spacemen.Again, the shuttle program was shelved for more than two years as NASA stepped up efforts to make it safer. But experts say the fundamental problem related to shuttles' safety cannot be solved due to their "birth defects.""It is in the nation's interest to replace the Shuttle as soon as possible," concluded the panel that investigated the 2003 Columbia accident.

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 3 (Xinhua)-- Google's top legal officer on Wednesday posted a scathing blog post, accusing Microsoft, Apple, Oracle and other companies of waging "bogus" patent wars over smartphone technologies.More than 550,000 Android devices are activated daily, but the success of the mobile operating system has yielded "a hostile, organized campaign against Android by Microsoft, Oracle, Apple and other companies, waged through bogus patent," said Google Senior Vice President and Chief Legal Officer David Drummond."Microsoft and Apple have always been at each other's throats, so when they get into bed together you have to start wondering what's going on," wrote Drummond at the beginning of the blog post under the heading "When patents attack Android."The top legal officer lashed out the coalition that Apple and Microsoft formed to buy Novell patents and Nortel patents.Last month, Google was outbid by the 4.5 billion bid made by the winning consortium of companies that includes Apple, Microsoft, Research in Motion, Sony, Ericsson and EMC on Canadian company Nortel Network's patent portfolio.The Nortel portfolio, which is in all of the companies'best legal interests, includes patents on 3G and 4G wireless networking, optics, voice processing, semiconductors and more.Last December, an unnamed consortium of companies, organized by Microsoft and including Apple, EMC and Oracle, also outbid Google for nearly 900 patents of software company Novell.Patent litigation between technology companies have been flaring up particularly over mobile devices and technology.Last August, Oracle accused Google of infringing on patents related to Java, which the database giant acquired when it took ownership of Sun Microsystems in early 2010.Microsoft is suing device makers who use Android, including Barnes & Noble, Motorola and HTC.Drummond wrote that "We're also looking at other ways to reduce the anti-competitive threats against Android by strengthening our own patent portfolio. Unless we act, consumers could face rising costs for Android devices -- and fewer choices for their next phone."

WASHINGTON, July 20 (Xinhua) -- The loss of a protein that coats sperm may explain a significant proportion of infertility in men worldwide, according to a study by an international team of researchers led by University of California Davis.A paper describing the work was published Wednesday in the journal Science Translational Medicine. The research could open up new ways to screen and treat couples for infertility.The gene DEFB126 encodes a protein called Beta Defensin 126, which coats the surface of sperm and helps it penetrate cervical mucus in the female. A survey of samples from the U.S., Britain and China showed that as many as a quarter of men worldwide carry two copies of the defective gene.In the new study, researchers found that men with a muted DEFB126 lack Beta Defensin 126, making it much more difficult for sperm to swim through the mucus and eventually join with an egg.Examining 500 newly married Chinese couples, researchers found that the lack of Beta Defensin 126 in men with the DEFB126 mutation lowered fertility (even among men that did not display other deficiencies usually associated with infertility, like inadequate semen volume and low sperm motility). Wives of men with the Beta Defensin 126 variant were significantly less likely to become pregnant than were other couples, and 30 percent less likely to have a birth.This genetic variation in DEFB126 likely accounts for many unexplained cases of infertility, researchers say. They hope next to work with a major infertility program in the U.S. to further explore the role of the mutation.

BEIJING, June 26 (Xinhua) -- A drama honoring an archivist who had devoted himself to the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)'s archive work was staged Saturday evening in Beijing.The drama, "Sheng Ming Dang An," or "Archives of Life," tells the life story of Liu Yiquan who had worked as a file clerk and later a consultant at the PLA Archives for about 38 years.Liu had collected more than 830,000 pieces of military archives, which was regarded as a special contribution to the army. Li Changchun (L, front), a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, congratulates actors on the successful performance of drama "life archives" in Beijing, capital of China, June 25, 2011.Despite being diagnosed with terminal cancer in 2008, Liu continued to work hard. He died on Jan. 28, 2010, at the age of 59.Li Changchun, a Standing Committee member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, joined the audience of the drama on Saturday.Li later said the drama was touching and significant in reflecting the model role of CPC members ahead of the 90th founding anniversary of the CPC.Liu Yiquan was also honored by the U.S. military authorities for his role in helping identify some key documents that led to the repatriation of the remains of the United States personnel who disappeared during and after the Korea War (1950-1953). 

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