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For those would-be investors wanting to jump into the stock market but wondering which stock to buy, legendary investor Warren Buffett has a suggestion: Try buying 500 stocks instead.“In my view, for most people, the best thing to do is own the S&P 500 index fund,” Buffett said at Berkshire Hathaway’s annual meeting in May. But what is the S&P 500, and how do you invest in one of its funds?Here’s an intro to how S&P 500 funds work, and whether one might be a good fit for your portfolio.What is the S&P 500?The S&P 500, or S&P, is a stock market index comprising shares of 500 large, industry-leading U.S. companies. It is widely followed and often considered a proxy for the overall health of the U.S. stock market.Standard & Poor’s, an American investment information service, created the index in 1957. Every quarter, its investment committee meets to review which stocks belong in the index based on each company’s market size, liquidity and group representation. Today, 505 stocks constitute the index, since some of the 500 companies have more than one class of shares.Contrary to popular belief, the stocks forming the index are not the 500 biggest U.S. companies, but they are arguably the 500 most important companies. Over .2 trillion is invested through the index, with these 505 stocks representing about 80% of the total U.S. stock market’s value.The S&P 500 is a cap-weighted index, meaning each stock within the index is weighted according to its market capitalization, or total market value (number of outstanding shares multiplied by current market price). The larger the company, the greater its influence on the index.As of Aug. 31, 2020, these are the top 10 companies by index weight in the S&P 500:Apple.Microsoft.Amazon.Facebook.Alphabet, Google’s parent company (shares in classes A and C).Berkshire Hathaway.Johnson & Johnson.Visa.Procter & Gamble.How do you invest in the S&P 500?An index is a measure of its underlying stocks’ performance, so you cannot directly invest in the index itself. Buying every company’s shares would be an arduous task (think 505 separate transactions), but thankfully there are index funds and exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, that replicate the index, effectively doing that work for you.While all S&P 500 funds track the holdings of this index, an investor must consider whether using an index fund (a passively managed mutual fund) or an ETF makes the most sense for them. The good news when weighing index funds versus ETFs is that there are solid S&P 500 options in each category, and all of these products leverage the diversity of the index itself.Because the S&P 500 is weighted by each company’s market capitalization, the larger companies in the index can sometimes have an outsize impact on the performance of the larger index. In other words, a big dip in price for Apple shares can create a dip in the index as a whole. Because of this, some investors prefer to purchase the S&P 500 in an equal-weighted format, so that each company has the same impact on the index. This is meant to create an index that is more representative of the overall U.S. market.After deciding your preference for an index fund or ETF, cap-weighted or equal-weighted, you can begin narrowing down which S&P 500 fund to purchase. To minimize your costs, look into each fund’s expense ratio — the percentage of your assets you’ll pay in fees each year — to see how they compare.Fees are important here since all of these funds track the same index, which means their returns should be roughly the same. The lower the fee, the more of that return you keep.Should you invest in the S&P 500?There are a number of things to think about before you choose any investment. But an S&P fund can generally be a good choice if you want to add broad exposure to the U.S. stock market to your portfolio.“The S&P 500 is a key part of a diversified investing strategy because it’s a good bet that the U.S. economy will continue to succeed and grow in the long term,” says Tony Molina, senior product manager at Wealthfront. The U.S. has the largest economy and stock market in the world, and is one of the most resilient and active, especially when it comes to innovation. That’s why it’s a no-brainer to include the S&P 500 as part of your portfolio.”Larger companies are generally more stable to invest in because they are well-established and widely followed. Thus, these stocks usually have less risk and lower volatility. The S&P 500 combines large companies across various industries, so investors access a broad, diversified mix of companies when investing in it.Choosing an index fund or ETF can also help investors avoid — or at least minimize — the behavioral pitfalls from stock-picking, which is a losing strategy, says Dejan Ilijevski, president of Sabela Capital Markets.Ilijevski cites the May 2018 study by professor Hendrik Bessembinder at Arizona State University, which examined investments in publicly traded U.S. stocks between 1926 and 2016 and found that just over 4% of the companies accounted for the total wealth created.“Picking those few individual winners is impossible,” Ilijevski says. “Your best bet is to own as much of the market with a fund that tracks the index.”Using index funds and ETFs can help investors generate strong returns while also minimizing their costs, says Kevin Koehler, chartered financial analyst and director of the investment strategy group at Miracle Mile Advisors in Los Angeles.“Investing in the S&P 500 the past 25 years would have given an investor over a 10% annualized return, proving that an investor does not need to be paying high expenses to get good market returns,” Koehler says.Are there drawbacks to investing in the S&P 500?There are caveats to consider. The S&P 500 consists of only large-cap U.S. stocks. Portfolio diversification encompasses buying mid- and small-cap companies along with large-caps; allocating funds to international companies along with domestic ones; and including bonds, cash and potentially other asset classes with stocks.Koehler also notes drawbacks in the S&P 500 related to its market-cap weighting.“As passive investing increases, investors are continually investing in S&P 500 funds, which has contributed to a ‘rich get richer’ problem, where the largest stocks are getting larger due to S&P 500 investing, rather than individual stock investing,” Koehler says. “This can lead to higher volatility, as active managers sell an individual stock on top of index funds selling a portion. The market could continuously be overvalued compared to its underlying value.”But relative to the downsides of many investment types, the flaws of S&P 500 funds seem relatively minor, especially when used as a part of your overall portfolio and held for the longer term. This helps explain why icons like Buffett have so publicly endorsed them.“I happen to believe that Berkshire is about as solid as any single investment can be, in terms of earning reasonable returns over time,” said Buffett at the May meeting, speaking about the investing company he’s turned into an empire. “But, I would not want to bet my life on whether we beat the S&P 500 over the next 10 years.”More From NerdWallet4 Ways Women Can Invest in Other WomenHow the Pros Ride Market Volatility — and Why You Shouldn’tIf Doing Less Means Saving More, Try These 5 Money MovesTiffany Lam-Balfour is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: tlambalfour@nerdwallet.com. 7573

Fox News and ABC News report that President Trump has submitted written answers to questions posed by special counsel Robert Mueller. Trump told reporters before boarding Marine One that he finished the written answers on Monday and provided them to his lawyers, and that he expects them to submit the responses "today or soon." "The written answers are finished," Trump said. "The written answers to the witch hunt that's been going on forever."Asked whether he thought Mueller would be fair, Trump said he hopes so.The responses from the President signify a major development in the Mueller probe following months of negotiations between the special counsel's office and Trump's legal team, and could be a sign of the end stages of the investigation.But it's not yet clear whether the answers will be enough for Mueller to finish his investigation, as there could be additional questions — and the special counsel's office could still try to pursue an in-person interview with Trump.Trump and his legal team balked at some of the questions from Mueller that covered the presidential transition and Trump's time in the White House, believing those could be off limits due to executive privilege, CNN has previously reported.The questions also cover only issues related to the potential collusion investigation and not the probe into possible obstruction of justice.Once Trump submits his answers, the ball will be back in Mueller's court to decide whether to pursue additional questions, follow-ups to the President's response or an in-person interview.When Trump's legal team agreed to answer questions about collusion, they put off decisions about answering questions related to obstruction or sitting down for an interview. And Trump suggested in a recent interview with "Fox News Sunday" that those could be off the table."I think we've wasted enough time on this witch hunt and the answer is probably, we're finished," Trump told Fox's Chris Wallace when asked if he would say no to an in-person interview or providing answers on obstruction questions.If Trump's legal team rebuffs further inquiries from Mueller, it will be up to the special counsel to decide whether he has enough to finish writing his report or he needs an interview. Mueller could try to subpoena Trump for an interview, but Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein and acting Attorney General Matt Whitaker likely would need to sign off on that decision.The big looming question over the agreement for Trump to provide the written answers related to the period during the campaign is whether that satisfies Mueller's questions about the transition and inauguration. Trump's legal team was provided a list of questions in the spring that included asking about efforts during the transition to establish a back channel to Russia and a 2017 meeting in the Seychelles involving Trump ally Erik Prince, a businessman and founder of the private security company formerly known as Blackwater.The-CNN-Wire 2991

Former FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe was set to officially retire on March 18, but according to a source familiar with the matter, he could be fired just days before and lose his pension after a more than two-decade career at the bureau.The embattled official abruptly stepped down at the end of January and has been on leave since that time.CNN has learned the FBI's Office of Professional Responsibility has recommended McCabe be fired and now the decision is up to Attorney General Jeff Sessions.The issue stems from findings in an internal Justice Department watchdog report that claims he misled investigators about his decision to authorize FBI officials to speak to the media about an investigation into the Clinton Foundation.A representative for McCabe declined to comment.That report, which has been complete for over a week, according to the source, has not been released publicly. The office is currently examining how investigations were handled at the department and the FBI in advance of the 2016 presidential election, including, notably, the Hillary Clinton email server probe."The Department follows a prescribed process by which an employee may be terminated. That process includes recommendations from career employees and no termination decision is final until the conclusion of that process. We have no personnel announcements at this time," Justice Department spokeswoman Sarah Isgur Flores said in a statement.The inspector general's report has taken on increased attention as President Donald Trump and his allies have railed against FBI officials like McCabe over the agency's handling of certain investigations and claims of political bias.The New York Times first reported the FBI recommendation. 1736

For the first time, we are all about to experience a holiday season during a pandemic. Industry experts are reporting it will be drastically different this year, especially for holiday shoppers.“The traditional Christmas holiday sale season is pretty chaotic,” said Bill Thorne. “There's not going to be a whole lot of that chaos this year.”Thorne is with the National Retail Federation. He’s has gathered key insight into what the holiday shopping experience will instead be like this year.“It is going to be an entirely different experience,” Thorne reinforced.One of the biggest changes is that many retailers have reevaluated Black Friday traditions, starting with staying open on Thanksgiving Day.“There are a number or brands, large brand that have already announced they are not going to be open on Thanksgiving Day and I believe that is for a number of reasons,” explained Thorne. “Primary among them are to give those associates and employees an opportunity to be at home, be with their family, to celebrate the most important thing that they have, which is each other.”Some of the retailers that have announced they will be closed this Thanksgiving include: Best Buy, Boscov’s, Foot Locker, Home Depot, JCPenney, Macy’s, Target, Walmart, and Costco.Most of those retailers will reopen the day after and some will offer a “Black Friday” sale, but the shopping experience will still be very different.“I don’t believe the vast majority will be opening at excessive early hours,” said Thorne. "I think they are going to greatly discourage people from lining up and if there are lines, they will be socially distanced, you won’t be able to just storm the store.”The number of people allowed in a store will be limited, as many retailers report crowd control will be a huge focus on Black Friday and throughout the holiday shopping season. So much so that companies like Walmart, Target, and Home Depot are trying to reduce the crowds, nearly two months in advance, by offering major Christmas sales this month.“There are several brands that have indicated they are going to do Black Friday sales every Friday until Christmas,” Thorne explained. “You are going to hear retailers reinforcing the deals you would normally get post-Thanksgiving you are going to get starting tomorrow.”The National Retail Federation believes Black Friday sales spread over three months, versus one day, may not only be a safer shopping experience, but it may ensure shoppers actually get the gifts they want before stores potentially and abruptly close again. Another rise in COVID-19 cases has some cities mulling over that idea. 2623

Former national security adviser to President Donald Trump Michael Flynn has asked a federal judge to spare him from prison time, according to his defense team's memo before his sentencing.He said his cooperation with Robert Mueller's special counsel investigation "was not grudging or delayed.""Rather, it preceded his guilty plea or any threatened indictment and began very shortly after he was first contacted for assistance by the Special Counsel's Office," his team wrote.He is asking for no jail time and has offered to do 200 hours of community service. 568