濮阳东方医院妇科治病专业吗(濮阳东方医院治阳痿口碑很不错) (今日更新中)

WASHINGTON, Jan. 16 (Xinhua) -- A new study examining weather patterns around the worldwide pandemics of influenza, which caused widespread death and illness in 1918, 1957, 1968 and 2009, finds that each of them was preceded by La Nina conditions in the equatorial Pacific. The study findings are published online Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.The study's authors -- Jeffrey Shaman of Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and Marc Lipsitch of the Harvard School of Public Health -- note that the La Nina pattern is known to alter the migratory patterns of birds, which are thought to be a primary reservoir of human influenza. The scientists theorize that altered migration patterns promote the development of dangerous new strains of influenza.To examine the relationship between weather patterns and influenza pandemics, the researchers studied records of ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific in the fall and winter before the four most recent flu pandemics emerged. They found that all four pandemics were preceded by below-normal sea surface temperatures -- consistent with the La Nina phase of the El Nino- Southern Oscillation.The authors cite other research showing that the La Nina pattern alters the migration, stopover time, fitness and interspecies mixing of migratory birds. These conditions could favor the kind of gene swapping or genetic reassortment that creates novel and therefore potentially more variations of the influenza virus."We know that pandemics arise from dramatic changes in the influenza genome. Our hypothesis is that La Nina sets the stage for these changes by reshuffling the mixing patterns of migratory birds, which are a major reservoir for influenza," says Shaman.Changes in migration not only alter the pattern of contact among bird species, they could also change the ways that birds come into contact with domestic animals like pigs. Gene-swapping between avian and pig influenza viruses was a factor in the 2009 swine flu pandemic.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has sent warning letters to more than 1,200 retailers, the majority of which respond to violations relating to selling tobacco to minors, as part of its ongoing effort to reduce tobacco use among children, the agency announced Thursday in a statement.The FDA said that while most retail establishments have been found to be in compliance with the law, some retailers are still selling cigarettes and smokeless tobacco to minors. Warning letters may be followed by civil money penalties if retailers continue to violate the law."It should worry every parent that 20 percent of U.S. high school students smoke cigarettes," said FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg in a statement. "President Obama and the FDA are committed to preventing children from smoking. For many young people, that first cigarette or use of smokeless tobacco will lead to a lifetime of addiction, and for many, serious disease. More than 80 percent of adult smokers begin smoking before 18 years of age. Retailers are vital partners in the FDA's efforts to prevent tobacco use among kids."Obama signed the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act that gives the FDA authority to regulate tobacco products to prevent use by minors and reduce the impact on public health. One of the law's provisions permits the FDA to contract with states and territories to conduct compliance check inspections of tobacco retailers. In 2011, the FDA awarded compliance contracts totaling more than 24 million U.S. dollars to 38 states.The FDA also began inspecting U.S. tobacco product manufacturers in October 2011. This is the first time tobacco product manufacturing facilities have ever been inspected by a federal public health agency.

BEIJING, Nov. 13 (Xinhua) -- A campaign that aims to boost the public's role in safeguarding food safety and promote awareness of the issue was launched at the 9th China Food Safety Annual Conference, which closed on Sunday.Food safety has a bearing on people's health as well as the nation's sound and harmonious development, said Shi Xiushi, chairman of the Financial and Economic Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC), at the opening, calling for efforts to raise companies' sense of responsibility and consumers' awareness in preventing and dealing with food safety crimes.The new campaign is part of a broader five-year program (2011-2015) of food safety education announced by the State Council Food Safety Commission (SCFSC) in May.The program aims for more than 80 percent of the public to be aware of basic food safety by 2015, with the rate for primary and high-school students reaching up to 85 percent or more.ARDUOUS WORKFood safety has become a growing public concern in China following a string of scandals over recent years. In the latest one, illegal workshops were found making and selling "gutter oil," which is processed from leftovers dredged from gutters.Gu Xiulian, former vice chairwoman of the NPC's Standing Committee, the country's top legislature, said ensuring safety is the top priority for the food sector, the country's pillar industry with an output of 550 million yuan (97.3 million U.S. dollars) in the first nine months of 2011.The development of the nation's food safety has failed to keep up with the demands of a public whose living standards have improved substantially in recent years, said Shi.Pledging to do everything it can to ensure food safety, the government takes a zero-tolerance approach to companies that sell unsafe food. In 2010 alone, authorities across the country investigated and handled 130,000 cases of food safety violations, shutting down more than 100,000 companies, according to the SCFSC."The food industry's overall development level is relatively low. There are weak links in the sector's credibility, management, detection techniques and even the laws and regulations," said Pu Changcheng, deputy director of the Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine.Pu's points are exemplified by China's agricultural industry, which is largely based around small-scale production managed by disparate bodies. It would be a formidable task to eradicate the sector's safety issues.The catering business also faces a similar plight. The country has issued licenses to 2.2 million catering companies, most of which are small and individually operated, making safety supervision extremely difficult, according to Bian Zhenjia, deputy head of the State Food and Drug Administration.

ATHENS, Jan. 20 (Xinhua) - A seven- month- old Libyan baby died in an Athens Children's hospital on Friday in the first fatality linked to the H1N1 flu virus of the new year in Greece, local authorities reported.According to local media reports citing Greek doctors who treated the boy, he had been infected with the virus in Libya, where he was diagnosed with common flu and received insufficient therapy, before transferred to Greece.An Ukrainian woman who is being treated in another Greek hospital for pneumonia is the second severe case of the swine flu to be reported in the country this season.Last year deaths caused by the H1N1 virus in Greece climbed exceeded the 100 victims and many more patients were treated for complications caused by the virus which first emerged in 2009 in Asia and developed into a worldwide pandemic.Greek Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (KEELPNO) experts noted that Greece does not face a high risk so far this year, but suggested to people of vulnerable groups that reach up to 1.5 million persons in Greece, to get vaccinated.Last year's high number of fatalities was attributed to the fact that several people who should have been vaccinated, skimped vaccination which is not obligatory.

BEIJING, Dec. 31 (Xinhua) -- The Red Cross Society of China (RCSC) has decided to shut down one of its fund-raising groups due to serious management flaws, as the group's alleged misuse of donations sparked public mistrust in charities.The China Business System Red Cross Society has been repealed for failing to establish a sound internal management system, maintaining a benefit-based relationship with a consulting company, and committing violations in financial and legal management, an investigation report said Saturday.The China Business System Red Cross Society, a group founded in 2001 by the China General Chamber of Commerce (CGCC) with the approval of the RCSC, engaged in charity fund raising in the commercial sector. Funds raised by the group are channeled directly to the RCSC.The group faced accusations earlier this year of misusing charity money after a young woman calling herself "Guo Meimei" claimed online to be a general manager of "Red Cross Commerce" and posted pictures on her tweets detailing her lavish lifestyle.Netizens related "Red Cross Commerce" to the China Business System Red Cross Society, and speculated that Guo might have funded her purchases by embezzling money from the Red Cross.In July, the RCSC suspended all operations of the China Business System Red Cross Society and started an investigation along with officials and experts from the Ministry of Supervision, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, a law firm and the CGCC.According to the investigation report, "Red Cross Commerce" does not exist, and Guo Meimei is not employed by the China Business System Red Cross Society or its cooperative enterprises.The RCSC says it is preparing to set up a public supervision committee, and it plans to invite people from all walks of life, including influential figures, to supervise its use of donations as a third party.Meanwhile, the RCSC is also building up an online service that will publicize information about all donations made to the Red Cross system nationwide, in a move to safeguard the rights of the public, including donors, and supervise the charity group's operations.The website is expected to be launched by the end of 2012, the RCSC said.The RCSC has also vowed to strengthen the supervision and management of its subsidiaries and promote transparency in donations, financial management, tendering and procurement, and fund distribution and use.

来源：资阳报