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In regions of the United States and Mexico that are prone to hurricanes, aggressive spiders are evolving to survive and ride out the storm.When hurricanes rage along the Gulf of Mexico or charge up the East Coast, they can reshape an entire habitat in a short time. The winds destroy trees and spread debris for miles, putting new pressure on the creatures living in these environments.But how do creatures adapt when their habitats are so disturbed? Researchers looked at Anelosimus studiosus spiders that live in storm-prone areas along the coast to see how they changed. Their study was published Monday in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution.These weather systems are called "black swan events": a surprising event with a major impact that is explained with the benefit of hindsight. They don't offer much lead time, so the researchers had to scramble to study the spider colonies before and after projected storms.The team monitored Subtropical Storm Alberto and Hurricanes Florence and Michael during the 2018 hurricane season. They tried to anticipate the systems' trajectories and study areas that included 240 female spider colonies, comparing them with areas where spider colonies were unaffected by such storms.The researchers returned to the sites hit by the storms 48 hours later. About 75% of the colonies survived the initial storm strikes."It is tremendously important to understand the environmental impacts of these 'black swan' weather events on evolution and natural selection," said Jonathan Pruitt, lead study author, evolutionary biologist and Canada 150 Chair in McMaster University's Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour. "As sea levels rise, the incidence of tropical storms will only increase. Now more than ever we need to contend with what the ecological and evolutionary impacts of these storms will be for non-human animals."The A. studiosis spider species has two main personality traits that are inherited: docile and aggressive.Aggressiveness can be determined based on their speed, attackers pursuing prey, cannibalizing male spiders as well as eggs and their vulnerability to the invasion of predatory spiders.On the one hand, aggressive colonies are better at gathering resources in times of scarcity. But when deprived of food or subjected to overheating, aggressive colonies can also suffer from infighting."Tropical cyclones likely impact both of these stressors by altering the numbers of flying prey and increasing sun exposure from a more open canopy layer," Pruitt said. "Aggressiveness is passed down through generations in these colonies, from parent to daughter, and is a major factor in their survival and ability to reproduce."The researchers determined that after a storm passed, the colonies that aggressively pursued food and resources were able to produce more egg cases. The spiderlings also had a better chance of surviving into early winter.In areas that weren't hit by storms, docile colonies thrived.These findings were consistent even as the storms varied in duration, intensity and size. The researchers believe this shows that extreme events can shape animal behaviors. They would like to conduct more long-term studies to learn whether this is the case. 3250

In the battle between the adolescent penchant for hitting the snooze button and parental desire to rush them onto an early morning school bus, experts say science is increasingly siding with the snooze.The biological clock of teens is shifted, Dr. Mary Carskadon, director of the Sleep and Chronobiology Research Lab at EP Bradley Hospital, told CNN. That means everything influenced by the circadian timing process, including sleeping, waking and eating patterns are set later.And if teens have trouble naturally falling asleep at an early hour and don't get the recommended eight and a half to nine hours of sleep, asking them to be awake, ready and in a classroom by 7:30 a.m. can wreak havoc on their systems, Carskadon said.Students in one state have gotten a reprieve from the early morning blues. California Gov. Gavin Newsom signed legislation Sunday that pushes back start times for middle and high schools to align with teens' circadian rhythms. It's a move sleep experts hope more school districts will follow.That's especially because research suggests that when teens get a later start in the morning, they can do a better job of checking off the things on many parents' priority lists like:Paying attention and getting their homework doneFour out of five public middle and high schools in the US start before 8:30 a.m., the earliest time recommended for teens, according to the US Centers for Disease Control.Carskadon says the negative consequences of early waking on academic performance are obvious: Students have more trouble concentrating in class and retaining information, feel tired during the day, have more absences and tardiness and have a hard time doing their homework and class reading well.There isn't enough time between when their clocks tell them to go to sleep and when they need to be in class to get the sleep they need, she says. And to make matters worse, for many teens, their bodies are telling them it's still time to be in bed when they are trying to listen in class."A lot of kids will just be asleep in first period because their brains are -- almost literally -- on the pillow and not yet in the classroom," she said.Avoiding the junk foodWhen students are off of their regular sleep cycle, they often also fall off of their ideal eating cycle too, Carskadon said. Since the biological clock influences humans' eating, straying from the circadian rhythm could mean eating too much or eating the wrong food at the wrong times, she said.Who among us reaches for a healthy snack when we are tired and awake when we aren't supposed to be, asked Stacy Simera, a licensed social worker who is chair of the sleep committee for the Ohio Adolescent Health Partnership.That disruption not only means worse nutrition, but it can lead to an increased risk for Type 2 diabetes, Carskadon said.Staying out of troubleWhen it comes to impulse control, Carskadon and her colleagues say teenagers already have the accelerator pushed down without any breaks. That's because the emotional side of the brain is well developed in those years, but doesn't have a very strong link to the executive decision-making side.And neuroimaging studies showed that link is even weaker in teens without enough sleep. The result can be trouble controlling their impulses and increasingly engaging in risky behaviors like foregoing helmets, driving under the influence and abusing substances, Carskadon said.Keeping happy and safeFrom a physical health perspective, teens who get adequate sleep also are shown to suffer fewer car accidents and sports injuries, said Simera.She says teens fall asleep easiest and get the best quality sleep from 11 p.m. to 8 a.m. -- the sweet spot. And research shows that straying from that sweet spot and sleeping less is correlated to depression, anxiety and suicide, she said.One study found that for each extra hour of sleep adolescents get, 3899

Israel's Beresheet, the first privately-funded mission to the moon, has crashed.The spacecraft aimed to perform a soft landing on the moon and would have made Israel the fourth country to do so -- and by far the smallest. Only the United States, the former Soviet Union and China have done it before."I am sorry to say that our spacecraft did not make it in one piece to the moon," said Opher Doron, the manager of Israel Aerospace Industries' Space Division."We made it all the way to the moon. This is a great accomplishment. We are the seventh country to make it all the way to the moon."The 0 million spacecraft, built by SpaceIL and Israel Aerospace Industries, lost communications with the control room in Israel during the landing sequence. As program managers who had been watching the mission in real time tried to re-establish communications, they also dealt with issues in the spacecraft's main engine.At the time of the communications failure, the Beresheet was traveling at approximately 2,110 mph and was about 120 kilometers (about 74 miles) from its intended landing site."There is a suspicion that we did not land on the moon in the best fashion. We are trying to clarify the matter," a member of the SpaceIL team monitoring the landing sequence said.The spacecraft crashed in the last part of its journey, moments before it was supposed to land.SpaceIL was founded eight years ago to compete for the Google Lunar XPrize. The contest offered million for the first privately funded team to launch a spacecraft to the moon, transmit high-definition video and travel 500 meters in any direction.The XPrize was cancelled in January 2018 but the Israeli team decided to continue its pursuit of the moon landing.The Beresheet spacecraft was launched on board a Falcon 9 rocket in late February. It traveled a total of 4 million miles to the moon, soaring around the Earth before entering orbit around the moon. 1940

Inside the Newark Liberty International Airport Monday night, an Alaska Airlines employee spotted two men who she thought looked suspicious.When the employee approached them, the men started running and she screamed "evacuate," a source with knowledge of the incident told CNN, based on preliminary information. The yells stirred panic at the gate, the source said.The concerned employee hit an alarm after talking to the two men and nearly 200 passengers evacuated the gate, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey spokesman Steve Coleman said.One passenger told CNN affiliate 592

Kamala Harris has endorsed Joe Biden for president, pledging to “do everything in my power” to help elect him. She is the latest dropout from the Democratic presidential race to line up behind the former vice president in his battle with Bernie Sanders for the nomination. The decision by the California senator who was one of three black candidates seeking to challenge President Donald Trump further solidifies the Democratic establishment's move to close circles around Biden after his Super Tuesday success. In a statement, Harris says Biden would be able to “steer our nation through these turbulent times, and restore truth, honor, and decency to the Oval Office." Although Harris is now rallying around the former vice president, she challenged Biden early in the campaign. During the first Democratic Party presidential debate in June, Harris slammed Biden for his role in decreasing school busing during the 70s. “There was a little girl in California who was part of the second class to integrate her public schools, and she was bused to school every day, and that little girl was me,” Harris said. “I will tell you that on this subject, it cannot be an intellectual debate among Democrats. We have to take it seriously. We have to act swiftly.” 1267

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