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For the past two years, 52-year-old Kendra Jackson of Omaha, Nebraska just thought she had a bad cold."When it first started out, I just thought it was my allergies or a runny nose -- like the beginning of a fresh cold," Jackson said.The coughing, sneezing and runny nose began 2? years after Jackson was involved in a serious car accident. She remembers hitting her face against the dashboard, and she has struggled with migraine headaches ever since.In 2015, Jackson's "runny nose" began to worsen."When it didn't go away, I kept going back and forth to the doctors, and they prescribed every kind of medicine you can think of, and my nose just kept on running," she said.The doctors she saw told her that she probably had allergies. But this year, Jackson went to physicians at the University of Nebraska Medical Center and learned the real reason behind her nasal discharge: a cerebrospinal fluid (or CSF) leak caused by a small hole in her skull."She would wake up in the morning after sleeping upright in a chair, and the whole front of her shirt was wet with fluid. It was a lot of fluid," said Dr. Christie Barnes, a rhinologist at the University of Nebraska Medical Center and a lead surgeon on the case.Jackson said she was losing about half a liter of fluid per day.A physician's assistant "astutely recognized right away that this was something different than a runny nose and was consistent with a CSF leak. So we had her collect her fluids and sent it off for evaluation," Barnes said.Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. The fluid also helps to remove waste products from the brain and distribute nutrients and other substances throughout the central nervous system, according to the Cleveland Clinic."CSF is a fluid that actually bathes the brain. Because the skull is a fixed box and the brain is a nice soft organ, it needs to be protected from moving around inside that hard box," Barnes said. "So it actually provides a cushion for the brain and the spinal cord."Cerebrospinal fluid is produced continuously in the brain and is normally absorbed into the bloodstream through protrusions in the outer membrane of the brain, called the dura mater.But in Jackson's case, a tiny hole in her cribriform plate -- a thin bone that separates her cranial and nasal cavities -- allowed the fluid to drip into her nose and mouth, resulting in her symptoms.According to Barnes, this part of the skull is "very thin, less than a potato chip. And it's one of the most common locations for this type of a CSF leak," Barnes said.Cerebrospinal fluid leaks are relatively rare, occurring in approximately five in 100,000 individuals worldwide every year. They are most commonly caused by trauma or surgery, according to the CSF Leak Association.In Jackson's case, the physicians believe that her car accident may have caused a small hole that increased in size over time."She was rear-ended and had head trauma, so it's certainly possible," Barnes said. "It may have caused a bit of a thin area there. Her symptoms actually started a little bit after (the accident), so for her, I think there's probably a combination of both the trauma and the increased pressure."Depending on the amount of fluid loss, cerebrospinal fluid leaks can be life-threatening. They also place the patient at an increased risk of infections such as meningitis, according to Barnes.In order to treat Jackson's condition, physicians at the University of Nebraska Medical Center performed a surgery that plugged the hole in her skull using tissue from her nose and abdomen, Barnes said."I used tissue from the inside of her nose to plug the leak," Barnes said. "I also borrowed some abdominal fat; it makes a great plugging agent in this location, so with just a tiny bit of fat, I was able to plug the leak."Almost a month after the surgery, Jackson is back home and reports that the mysterious drip has disappeared."I don't have the nasal drip anymore, but I still have the headaches," she said. "I actually feel pretty good, and I'm able to get a little bit of sleep."Though her condition is rare, Jackson wants people to know that cerebrospinal fluid leaks can occur, particularly after head trauma: "For people who hear my story, if they're tasting a very salty taste and something's draining in the back of your throat, it's probably something other than allergies. So get to the doctor." 4474

Former FBI Director James Comey wrote in his unreleased book that President Donald Trump asked him to look into one of the most infamous allegations in a dossier of claims about Trump and Russia, the New York Post reported Thursday.The Post said it obtained a copy of the book, and that in the book, Comey wrote that Trump wanted him to prove the allegation was false in part to prove its falsehood to his wife, first lady Melania Trump."He brought up what he called the 'golden showers thing,'" the Post quotes Comey as writing.The dossier was commissioned as opposition research by political opponents of then-candidate Trump and compiled by a former British intelligence agent.Portions of the dossier remain unconfirmed.The book reportedly continues, "It bothered him if there was 'even a one percent chance' his wife, Melania, thought it was true. ... He just rolled on, unprompted, explaining why it couldn't possibly be true, ending by saying he was thinking of asking me to investigate the allegation to prove it was a lie. I said it was up to him."According to the Post report, Comey recalled the interaction occurred at the same dinner where?he said Trump asked for his "loyalty," which Trump has denied. 1236

Former Trump campaign aide Sam Nunberg said Monday that he is refusing to comply with a grand jury subpoena in the Russia investigation led by special counsel Robert Mueller."Let him arrest me," Nunberg said in an interview with The Washington Post. "Mr. Mueller should understand I am not going in on Friday."The Post said Nunberg provided the paper with an apparent copy of a subpoena seeking documents related to President Donald Trump and nine others, and that Nunberg said he was asked to appear before the grand jury in Washington on Friday.The Trump campaign fired Nunberg in August 2015 after a series of racist Facebook posts came to light, and Nunberg indicated in interviews Monday there was still bad blood between the President and him but that he did not want to spend time cooperating with the investigation and Trump is right to call the probe a "witch hunt.""They want me to come in to a grand jury for them to insinuate that Roger Stone was colluding with Julian Assange," Nunberg said on MSNBC, referencing Stone, a controversial Trump ally, and Assange, the founder of WikiLeaks.He continued, "Roger was my mentor. Roger is like family to me. I'm not going to do it." 1210

Former Vice President Joe Biden paid tribute to the late Sen. John McCain in Phoenix in a speech at his memorial service on Thursday, sharing personal stories about their time together in the Senate and lamenting disorder and division in the chamber that McCain fought to repair."We both loved the Senate," said Biden, who mourned the fading of bipartisanship in the chamber over the years. "We both lamented, watching it change."Biden and McCain used to sit next to each other during long debates in the 1980s and '90s. In 1996, they were each told independently by members of their own parties that their visible friendship didn't look good. 651

For anyone who used to play with slot cars as a child, Sweden's new electrified road might bring back some memories.In the first of its kind, the Scandinavian country is trialling the world's first public road which allows electric vehicles to recharge while driving. Similar to a slot-car track, vehicles are able to connect to an electric rail that's embedded into the road.Sweden has a goal of achieving a completely fossil fuel free vehicle fleet by 2030, so this electrified road is part of several projects the Swedish Transport Administration has created to develop and test technologies that may be able to help the country reach its target.In this particular project, 'eRoadArlanda', electricity is transferred via a movable arm that attaches to the tracks built into the middle of the road. While the system is designed with the capacity to feed heavier vehicles such as trucks, it's also developed to work for cars and buses.When vehicles approach the track, a sensor from the car or truck detects the electrified rail and the movable arm lowers from underneath the vehicle and inserts into the rail. The arm has been designed to be flexible, providing the car, or truck, the freedom to move around the road without disconnecting."One of the most important issues of our time is the question of how to make fossil-free road transportation a reality," Hans S?ll, chairman of the eRoadArlanda says."We now have a solution that will make this possible, which is amazing. Sweden is at the cutting edge of this technology, which we now hope to introduce in other areas of the country and the world."The track stretches along two kilometers (1.2 miles) and has been installed on public road "893" just 30 minutes outside of Stockholm.The eRoad has many advantages, S?ll says. If implemented it will mean electric vehicle batteries can be smaller -- and therefore lighter -- because they won't need to retain as much charge, the vehicles will then be cheaper to manufacture and will ultimately be more sustainable.For a heavy truck to be 100% electric, he explains, it would need a battery that weighs 40 tonnes. But if technology like the eRoad was readily available, the truck's battery would be able to weigh as little as 600 kilograms.It would also fix a wider issue that many electric vehicle owners face: The worry and inconvenience of keeping vehicles charged."Today you're not 100% sure how far you can go with your battery but if you have a combination of electric roads you will feel a little bit more confident that you'll get where you want to go," S?ll says.The technology is also safe and adverse weather such as rain, snow and ice should not cause any major issues thanks to draining and usual maintenance. The electricity also isn't a risk to humans or animals."There's no electricity at the surface and the rail is only electrified if an actual authorized vehicle is passing, so if you don't have an electric vehicle that's authorized to use the electricity, the electricity will not be turned on at all -- it will not be on 24/7."There will also be plenty of signage around the area indicating the road is electrified and the system is equipped with safety circuits.S?ll says while the new project cost €6.4 million (.7 million) to develop, if it were more widely implemented across the country it would eventually work out less than €1 million (.2 million) per kilometer to build.That is, if the government decides to implement it nationally."The Government wants to test one or two additional technologies ... that will then be evaluated in two years or so, (and) after that they will pick out one of those technologies (that have been tested) to build a longer pilot stretch that will be between 20 and 40 kilometers," he says.For now, the eRoad will be used and trialled for two years by a truck carrying freight in order to determine how well the innovation works under various weather conditions and in conjunction with normal road traffic.The-CNN-Wire 3992