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WASHINGTON, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have demonstrated for the first time that the brain is a key player in regulating glucose (sugar) metabolism in humans.The findings, published Monday in the online edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, suggest that drugs targeting the brain and central nervous system could be a novel approach to treating diabetes."The brain is the body's only organ that needs a constant supply of glucose to survive, so it makes sense that it would have some say over how much glucose is produced," said study leader Meredith Hawkins, professor of medicine and director of the Global Diabetes Initiative at Yeshiva University, in a statement. "This role for the brain was demonstrated in earlier studies in rodents, but there was considerable controversy over whether the results could be applied to humans. We hope this study helps to settle the matter."In an earlier study in rodents, researchers showed that activation of potassium channels in the brain's hypothalamus sends signals to the liver that dampen its production of glucose. Those findings, published in Nature in 2005, challenged the conventional thinking that blood sugar production by the liver (the body's glucose factory) is regulated only by the pancreas (which makes insulin to metabolize glucose). But carefully performed studies on dogs, conducted at Vanderbilt University, failed to replicate the results, suggesting the Einstein findings in rodents might not be relevant to higher mammals, including humans.The current study, involving people, was aimed at resolving this controversy. Ten nondiabetic subjects were given oral diazoxide, a drug that activates potassium channels in the hypothalamus. (The drug is not used to treat diabetes.) Hormone secretion by the pancreas was controlled to ensure that any change in sugar production would only have occurred through the drug's effect on the brain. After the researchers administered the drug, blood tests revealed that patients' livers were producing significantly less glucose than before.Hawkins and her team then repeated this in rats, again giving diazoxide orally, achieving similar results. They confirmed that sufficient amounts of diazoxide crossed the blood-brain barrier to affect potassium channels in the hypothalamus. Additional experiments confirmed that diazoxide was working through the brain. Specifically, the researchers were able to completely block the effects of diazoxide by infusing a specific potassium channel blocker directly into the brain."This study confirms that the brain plays a significant role in regulating glucose production by the liver," said lead author Preeti Kishore, assistant professor of medicine. "We are now investigating whether this 'brain-to-liver' pathway is impaired in people with diabetes. If so, we may be able to restore normal glucose regulation by targeting potassium channels in the brain."

SUVA, Jan. 21 (Xinhua) -- Three in four people of the Fiji population are physically inactive causing an increase in health risks, says the country's Ministry of Health.National Advisor on Non-Communicable Disease Dr. Isimeli Tukana said that lifestyle in this Fijian generation has changed a lot, especially for the younger population that have been influenced by technology.Tukana said on Friday many children nowadays are obese and that was of growing concern. That is why the Ministry of Health is working with the Ministry of Education in promoting more physical education in schools and making it compulsory from this school term.Fiji was recently ranked the fourth-most obese nation in the region, according to the Health Ministry.Recent studies in Fiji showed a high incidence of anaemia in children, women and men.Figures released by the ministry said more than 60 percent of the island nation's population is overweight while a significant number are deficient in iron and micronutrients.The figures show that the high rate of premature disability with Non Communicable Diseases (NCD), infection and cancer has taken its toll on the population."The importance of our traditional diets, healthy eating and physical activities is paramount," a ministry statement had said."In the Pacific NCDs have reached epidemic proportions," it said."Nutritional imbalances resulting from not eating local produce instead of canned, processed food contribute to the equation, especially in these times of global economic crisis."Women's Minister Dr. Jiko Luveni has advised mothers in the country this week to stock up on healthy foods for their families.She said having green leafy vegetables was vital and buying fruits for children's snacks instead of salted prepacked ones was the way to keep the family healthy.The National Food and Nutrition Council said Friday that as the school year draws parents should find healthy alternatives for their children.They have urged teachers and parents to include fruits in every child's meal to reduce NCDs.In other countries in the region Tokelau and Nauru's obesity rates stand at 93 percent to 93.5 percent of the population.In American Samoa and Kiribati obesity stands at 81.5 percent of the population, while Marshall Islands at 80.1 percent, Federated States of Micronesia (Pohnpei) at 73.1 percent.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- A recent study found that low vitamin D levels are significantly more prevalent in obese children and are associated with risk factors for type 2 diabetes. This study was accepted for publication in The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.High rates of vitamin D deficiency have been found in obese populations and past studies have linked low vitamin D levels to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. But the mechanisms by which obesity and its comorbidities are related to vitamin D deficiency are not fully known.This new study examined associations between vitamin D levels and dietary habits in obese children, and tested whether there were correlations between vitamin D levels and markers of abnormal glucose metabolism and blood pressure.In this study, researchers measured vitamin D levels, blood sugar levels, serum insulin, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure in 411 obese subjects and 87 control non-overweight subjects. Study participants were also asked to provide dietary information including daily intake of soda, juice and milk, average daily fruit and vegetable intake, and whether or not they routinely skipped breakfast. BMI is a measurement of body fat calculated from weight and height."Our study found that obese children with lower vitamin D levels had higher degrees of insulin resistance," said Micah Olson, of The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas and lead author of the study. "Although our study cannot prove causation, it does suggest that low vitamin D levels may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.""Poor dietary habits such as skipping breakfast and increased soda and juice intake were associated with the lower vitamin D levels seen in obese children," said Olson. "Future studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of lower vitamin D levels in obese children ... and whether treatment with vitamin D can improve primary clinical endpoints such as insulin resistance. "

SHANGHAI, Dec. 9 (Xinhua) -- China's homegrown C919 large passenger plane has finished its preliminary development review and entered the development phase, a senior executive of Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Ltd. (COMAC) in Shanghai said Friday.An expert team of the C919 project has approved the overall preliminary development review (PDR) of the passenger jet, said Jin Zhuanglong, president of the Shanghai-based COMAC.It is expected that the manufacturing process for the components of the prototype will begin by the end of 2011.COMAC signed a deal to sell 20 C919 large passenger planes to China Aircraft Leasing Company Limited (CALC) on Thursday.Up to now, the users of C919 large passenger planes have reached 10 and total orders amount to 215 units.COMAC said earlier it would develop both 168-seat and 156-seat models of the jet, with more models to be developed in the future.It also said that test flights for the single-aisle C919 were scheduled for 2014, and delivery is slated for 2016.

BEIJING, Dec. 28 (Xinhuanet) -- A second city in East China's Fujian province will require those buying emergency contraceptive pills to show identification, Xiamen Daily reported on Wednesday.Citizens in Xiamen city of East China's Fujian province will now be asked to provide proof of identity, following a similar rule of the province's capital city of Fuzhou,According to the rule issued by Xiamen Food and Drug Administration, all pharmacies should check the buyer's ID card, register names and numbers as well as contact information, before selling pills to them.Some citizens fear the rule could invade people’s privacy. While others point out the rule may hinder efforts to protect teenagers from unplanned pregnancies.Despite the requirement, it is believed some will still be unwilling to register authentic personal information.