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With a coronavirus vaccine still months off, companies are rushing to test what may be the next best thing: drugs that deliver antibodies to fight the virus right away, without having to train the immune system to make them.Antibodies are proteins the body makes when an infection occurs; they attach to a virus and help it be eliminated. Vaccines work by tricking the body into thinking there’s an infection so it makes antibodies and remembers how to do that if the real bug turns up.But it can take a month or two after vaccination or infection for the most effective antibodies to form. The experimental drugs shortcut that process by giving concentrated versions of specific ones that worked best against the coronavirus in lab and animal tests.“A vaccine takes time to work, to force the development of antibodies. But when you give an antibody, you get immediate protection,” said University of North Carolina virologist Dr. Myron Cohen. “If we can generate them in large concentrations, in big vats in an antibody factory ... we can kind of bypass the immune system.”These drugs are believed to last for a month or more and could give quick, temporary immunity to people at high risk of infection, such as health workers and housemates of someone with COVID-19. If they proved effective and if a vaccine doesn’t materialize or protect as hoped, the drugs might eventually be considered for wider use, perhaps for teachers or other groups.They’re also being tested as treatments, to help the immune system and prevent severe symptoms or death.“The hope there is to target people who are in the first week of their illness and that we can treat them with the antibody and prevent them from getting sick,” said Dr. Marshall Lyon, an infectious disease specialist helping to test one such drug at Emory University in Atlanta.Having such a tool “would be a really momentous thing in our fight against COVID,” Cohen said.Vaccines are seen as a key to controlling the virus, which has been confirmed to have infected more than 20 million people worldwide and killed more than 738,000. Several companies are racing to develop vaccines, but the results of the large final tests needed to evaluate them are months away.The antibody drugs are “very promising” and, in contrast, could be available “fairly soon,” said Dr. Janet Woodcock, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration official who is leading government efforts to speed COVID-19 therapies. Key studies are underway and some answers should come by early fall.One company, Eli Lilly, has already started manufacturing its antibody drug, betting that studies now underway will give positive results.“Our goal is to get something out as soon as possible” and to have hundreds of thousands of doses ready by fall, said Lilly’s chief scientific officer, Dr. Daniel Skovronsky.Another company that developed an antibody drug cocktail against Ebola — Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. — now is testing one for coronavirus.“The success with our Ebola program gives us some confidence that we can potentially do this again,” said Christos Kyratsous, a Regeneron microbiologist who helped lead that work.Regeneron’s drug uses two antibodies to enhance chances the drug will work even if the virus evolves to evade action by one.Lilly is testing two different, single-antibody drugs — one with the Canadian company AbCellera and another with a Chinese company, Junshi Biosciences. In July, Junshi said no safety concerns emerged in 40 healthy people who tried it and that larger studies were getting underway.Others working on antibody drugs include Amgen and Adaptive Biotechnologies. The Singapore biotech company Tychan Pte Ltd. also is testing an antibody drug and has similar products in development for Zika virus and yellow fever.“I’m cautiously optimistic” about the drugs, said the nation’s top infectious diseases expert, Dr. Anthony Fauci. “I’m heartened by the experience that we had with Ebola,” where the drugs proved effective.What could go wrong?— The antibodies may not reach all of the places in the body where they need to act, such as deep in the lungs. All the antibody drugs are given through an IV and must make their way through the bloodstream to wherever they’re needed.— The virus might mutate to avoid the antibody — the reason Regeneron is testing a two-antibody combo that binds to the virus in different places to help prevent its escape.Skovronsky said Lilly stuck with one antibody because manufacturing capacity would essentially be cut in half to make two, and “you will have less doses available.” If a single antibody works, “we can treat twice as many people,” he said.— The antibodies might not last long enough. If they fade within a month, it’s still OK for treatment since COVID-19 illness usually resolves in that time. But for prevention, it may not be practical to give infusions more often than every month or two.A San Francisco company, Vir Biotechnology Inc., says it has engineered antibodies to last longer than they usually do to avoid this problem. GlaxoSmithKline has invested 0 million in Vir to test them.Giving a higher dose also may help. If half of antibodies disappear after a month, “if you give twice as much, you will have two months’ protection,” Lilly’s Skovronsky said.— The big fear: Antibodies may do the opposite of what’s hoped and actually enhance the virus’s ability to get into cells or stimulate the immune system in a way that makes people sicker. It’s a theoretical concern that hasn’t been seen in testing so far, but large, definitive experiments are needed to prove safety.“As best as we can tell, the antibodies are helpful,” Lyon said.___Marilynn Marchione can be followed on Twitter: @MMarchioneAP___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 5919

Whether you can afford a home depends — a lot — on the city you want to call home. A modest income can go a long way in Cumberland, Maryland, the metropolitan area with the nation’s most affordable houses. In contrast, the least affordable homes are in the San Jose, California, metropolitan area — the center of Silicon Valley.In Cumberland, a median-priced house costs less than two years’ median household income. By contrast, the typical home in San Jose costs about 10 years of household income.NerdWallet calculated affordability for 173 metropolitan areas by comparing the median annual household income and the monthly principal-and-interest payment for a median-priced single-family home. “Median” means half of the values or incomes are higher and half are lower. Those comparisons revealed the five most- and least-affordable markets for buying a home.The lists were compiled using data from the National Association of Realtors, the Census Bureau and NerdWallet surveys.? MORE: How much can you afford in your area? 1045

With a total of six adopted and foster children, Keri Penland’s family is an exercise in planning and patience.“Trying to do school with them has been insane,” she said.All of her kids are school-aged; some have learning disabilities. When the coronavirus pandemic hit, they--along with tens of millions of other students across the country--became part of a nationwide experiment in remote learning.Her verdict?“I don't know how anybody is doing this, to be honest,” Penland said. “It's not possible.”And it turns out, she's not alone.“We found that remote learning is really failing our most vulnerable learners,” said Justin Ruben, who is with the nonprofit “ParentsTogether.” The group recently conducted a survey of more than 1,500 families across the country to see how remote learning was going.Among the findings:When compared to a family making 0,000 a year, lower-income families--making ,000 or less-- are ten times more likely to have children doing little to no remote learning.Those families are also five times more likely to attend a school not offering distance learning materials at all and 13 percent of them didn’t even have a computer device or internet access.Yet, the numbers were even worse for families of children with special needs, who usually get individualized support at school. Out of those families, 40 percent said that with remote learning, they were receiving no support at all.“A huge chunk of students are being left behind by remote learning,” Ruben said.ParentsTogether wants the federal government to step in with 5 billion more in funding for education, especially since the coronavirus pandemic slashed tax revenues for local and state budgets and, in turn, education programs.“Schools are making budgets right now and kids are falling behind right now, and schools are making plans for the fall right now,” Ruben said. “And so, there's this surreal lack of urgency in Washington, D.C., and there’s literally like a whole generation of vulnerable kids is being allowed to languish.”Back at Penland’s house, it’s been an unusual ending to the school year.“I'll tell you, if school doesn't start again, the kids are gonna be way, way behind,” she said. “It's a different time than we've ever experienced.”Given everything that happened with schools and the pandemic, experts have some suggestions for how to keep kids engaged and learning over the summer.Keep some semblance of structure. A visual schedule that everyone can see will help and make it easier for you and your kids to get back into the swing of things when summer ends.Read to your children or encourage them to read, write or draw--anything that engages their minds, as long as it does not involve a computer or phone screen.Outdoor hikes, walks or scavenger hunts can help kids get exercise and keep them engaged in discovering new things.Make sure your kids get enough sleep and proper nutrition, to keep them in top shape and ready for when it’s time to return to school. 2998

WILMINGTON, Del. – During a year-end address, President-elect Joe Biden warned that country is far from emerging from the coronavirus crisis.“Our darkest days in this battle against COVID are ahead of us, not behind us. So, we need to prepare ourselves and steel our spines,” said Biden in Wilmington on Tuesday. “As frustrating as it is to hear, it’s going to take patience and persistence and determination to beat this virus. There will be no time to waste in taking the steps we need to turn this crisis around.”Watch Biden's speech below:During his speech, Biden spoke about the 0 billion COVID-19 relief bill that Congress approved Monday and is awaiting President Donald Trump’s signature. He said the bill is a good next step, but more funding will be needed in the coming year.“I have said all along, this bill is just a first step — a down payment — on addressing the crisis we’re in. We have a lot more work to do,” said Biden.Biden also took the chance to express sympathy for the many American families who are struggling financially and emotionally as they celebrate the holidays in isolation amid the global pandemic.“With over 320,000 lives lost to this virus, Jill and I send our prayers to all of you facing this dark winter with an empty seat at the dinner table where your loved one used to sit, talk, and laugh,” said Biden. “Our hearts go out to all of you who have fallen on hard times through no fault of your own, unable to sleep at night, weighed down with the worry of what tomorrow will bring for you and for your family.”Like for Thanksgiving, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is encouraging people to celebrate the end of year holidays at home with the people you live with. Gatherings with family and friends who do not live with you can increase the chances of getting or spreading COVID-19 or the flu.“Like we did over Thanksgiving, we all have to care enough for each other that we have to stay apart just a little longer,” said Biden. “I know it’s hard, but we have a long way to go.”Biden also encouraged Americans to continue taking the necessary precautions to prevent the spread of the coronavirus as the nation ramps up its vaccination efforts.“We need everyone to mask up, stay socially distant, and avoid large gatherings,” said Biden. “And we need to work in a bipartisan way. That’s the only way we’ll get through this.”Biden himself received his initial dose of Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine on Monday, shortly after his wife did as well. He joined a growing list of officials who have publicly been vaccinated to show confidence in the vaccination process.During his remarks, Biden said he has “absolute confidence in the vaccine,” but the country is short on supply. He explained that vaccinating millions of people will be a logistical challenge.“Taking the vaccine from a vial and into the arms of millions of Americans will be the biggest operational challenge we’ve ever faced. It will take many more months for that to happen,” said Biden. “In the meantime, the pandemic rages on.”Early next year, Biden said he will put his plans for what’s to come before the Congress. He said we will need more help to fully distribute the vaccine, to reopen our schools, to help our front-line workers, and to make sure those struggling to make ends meet are taken care of.On his day in office, Biden says he will enact masking requirements, a new strategy on testing, and work on accelerated production of protective gear.Biden also discussed the recent cyber security breach against U.S. companies and federal agencies. He blamed the Trump administration for failing to prioritize cyber security“From eliminating and/or downgrading cyber coordinators at both the White House and the State Department, to firing his Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, to President Trump’s irrational downplaying of the seriousness of this attack,” said Biden. “In an age when so much of our lives are conducted online, cyber attacks must be treated as a serious threat by our leadership at the highest levels.”Biden said he believes we must treat cyber threats with the same seriousness of purpose that we treated the threat of other unconventional weapons.“We must work with our allies to establish clear international rules and mechanisms to enforce them and consequences for those that violate them,” said Biden.After his remarks, Biden took questions.When asked about the potential for more direct payments, Biden said his plan will include a new round of stimulus checks for the American people, but the amount is a “negotiating issue.”Regarding his choice for attorney general, he said he’s still trying to determine who will serve in that role and that “there’s not an obvious choice in mind.”When asked if he would announce his 2024 bid early to show he's not going to be a lame duck president, Biden said, "I'm not going to be a lame duck. Just watch me. Just watch me." 4960

WESTLAKE, La. -- A fire broke out at a chemical plant in Westlake, Louisiana, as Hurricane Laura moved out of the state. Louisiana State Police responded to the scene Thursday and motorists were being advised not to travel on I-10 through Westlake as crews fought to put out the flames.State police say the fire involved a chlorine leak that originated from a BioLab chemical manufacturing facility.The BioLab plant was built in 1979 and manufactures trichloroisocyanuric acid, chlorinating granules and other chemicals used in such household cleaners as Comet bleach scrub and pool chlorine powder, The Associated Press reports. Trichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorine are potentially acutely toxic to people and animals if ingested or inhaled.As a result of the fire, residents in the Westlake, Moss Bluff and Sulphur area were advised to shelter in place until further notice, close their doors and windows, and turn off their air conditioning units.In a statement obtained by KATC, KIK Custom Products said the fire at their facility was the result of damage from the hurricane and a specialized team has been deployed to mitigate the impact of the incident. 1171