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BEIJING, March 24 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study has found that many overweight women and children often underestimate how heavy they are, according to media reports Wednesday.The study, conducted by researchers from Columbia University Medical Center in New York City, surveyed 111 women with the average age of 39 and 111 children aged between 7 and 13.Among the participants, about 66 percent of the women and 39 percent of the kids were overweight or obese.They were shown images of different body silhouettes representing a range of weights, including underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese and extremely obese.The research findings showed that 82 percent of obese women and 43 percent of overweight women underestimated their weight, while only 13 percent of normal weight women did so.As to the children group, about 86 percent overweight or obese kids low-balled their weight.Lead author Dr. Nicole Dumas said, "The implications of this is the overwhelming impact of obesity on children who are growing up in communities where obesity and overweight is the norm rather than the exception."  She added, "Strategies to overcome the obesity epidemic will need to address this barrier to weight loss."

WASHINGTON, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Rice originated in China, a team of U.S. genome researchers has concluded in a study tracing back thousands of years of evolutionary history through large-scale gene re-sequencing.Their findings, which appear Monday in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), indicate that domesticated rice may have first appeared as far back as approximately 9,000 years ago in the Yangtze Valley of China. Previous research suggested domesticated rice may have two points of origin -- India as well as China.Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of world's oldest crop species. It is also a very diverse crop, with tens of thousands of varieties known throughout the world. Two major subspecies of rice -- japonica and indica -- represent most of the world's varieties. Sushi rice, for example, is a type of japonica, while most of the long-grain rice in risottos are indica.Because rice is so diverse, its origins have been the subject of scientific debate. One theory -- a single-origin model -- suggests that indica and japonica were domesticated once from the wild rice O. rufipogon.Another -- a multiple-origin model -- proposes that these two major rice types were domesticated separately and in different parts of Asia. The multiple-origin model has gained currency in recent years as biologists have observed significant genetic differences between indica and japonica, and several studies examining the evolutionary relationships among rice varieties supported more than domestication in both India and China.In the PNAS study, the researchers re-assessed the evolutionary history, or phylogeny, of domesticated rice using previously published datasets, some of which have been used to argue that indica and japonica rice have separate origins. Using more modern computer algorithms, however, the researchers concluded these two species have the same origin because they have a closer genetic relationship to each other than to any wild rice species found in either India or China.In addition, the study's authors examined the phylogeny of domesticated rice by re-sequencing 630 gene fragments on selected chromosomes from a diverse set of wild and domesticated rice varieties. Using new modeling techniques, which had previously been used to look at genomic data in human evolution, their results showed that the gene sequence data was more consistent with a single origin of rice.In the study, the investigators also used a "molecular clock" of rice genes to see when rice evolved. Depending on how the researchers calibrated their clock, they pinpointed the origin of rice at possibly 8,200 years ago, while japonica and indica split apart from each other about 3,900 years ago. The study's authors pointed out that these molecular dates were consistent with archaeological studies.Archaeologists have uncovered evidence in the last decade for rice domestication in the Yangtze Valley beginning approximately 8, 000 to 9,000 years ago while domestication of rice in the India's Ganges region was around about 4,000 years ago."As rice was brought in from China to India by traders and migrant farmers, it likely hybridized extensively with local wild rice," explained New York University biologist Michael Purugganan, one of the study's co-authors. "So domesticated rice that we may have once thought originated in India actually has its beginnings in China."

LOS ANGELES, March 3 (Xinhua) -- More and more American adults are suffering from a decline in overall sleep duration, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said on Thursday.It's recommended that adults should sleep seven to nine hours a night to maintain good health, but more than one-third of Americans do not meet that requirement, according to the CDC.Insufficient sleep poses a long-term heath threat and impairs work performance and the ability to drive safely, the CDC said.Chronic sleep loss also is associated with obesity, increased risk of death and other health problems, according to the CDC."Over the last 20 years there has been a decline in overall sleep duration in adults," said Lela McKnight-Eily, a clinical psychologist and epidemiologist at the CDC's National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention."Within our culture there seems to be a belief that sleep isn't a part of overall essential health," she said.McKnight-Eily and her colleagues studied the sleep habits of 74,571 adults in 12 states, 35.3 percent reported sleeping less than seven hours.In addition, 48 percent reported snoring, 37.9 percent said they fell asleep at least once during the day the previous month and 4.7 percent admitted to falling asleep at the wheel at least once.Drowsiness or nodding off while driving accounts for 1,550 deaths and 40,000 injuries a year, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation.To get enough sleep, Americans have to change lifestyle habits, including longer workdays and late nights on the computer, McKnight-Eily said, noting that too much screen time paring away much-needed sleep time.

BEIJING, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has invited a group of ordinary people from all walks of life to seek their opinions on drafts of a government work report and the country's economic and social development blueprint for the next five years.The representatives, including a farmer, a migrant worker, a rural doctor and a community worker, were invited to Zhongnanhai, the central leadership compound in downtown Beijing, on Jan. 25. Some details of the meeting were made public on Sunday.At the meeting, Wen said, "Ordinary people are in the best place to evaluate government's work, and listening to public opinion will allow us to know how government policies are carried out at grass-roots level, and what difficulties people are facing."Liu Hongwei, a farmer from northeastern Heilongjiang Province, suggested that government increases investment in agricultural water conservancy projects in case of natural disasters such as severe drought this winter in north China.Wen said this year the government would invest more in water conservancy while starting retrofitting the grid in rural areas to guarantee electricity supply for both residential consumption and irrigation of crops.Wen also assured Liu that the government would raise purchasing price of grains so as to protect the interests of grain farmers.Xie Yuanli, an electric welder from northeastern Jilin Province, expressed his wish that governments give greater support and care to industrial workers.Dong Zhiping, a migrant worker working on construction site in central Hunan Province, complained that some enterprise owners refuse to pay migrant workers insurance against work-related injuries, and many migrant workers are not aware of their rights."Once a worker gets injured, his family would suffer grave financial difficulties without the insurance cover," Dong said.Wen said the government was working on the issue, such as promoting better implementation of government regulations on workplace injury-related insurance, which became effective in 2003.The meeting also touched upon issues of favorable policies to small and medium-sized enterprises, fair treatment of village doctors, stronger support to facilities for senior citizens, boosting space science and technology and improving vocational training, among others.The drafts of the 12th five-year program, or the national development plan for 2011 to 2015, and the government work report will be delivered for review early next month at a plenary session of the National People's Congress (NPC), China's national legislature.

CAPE TOWN, April 30 (Xinhua) -- The World Economic Forum on Africa, scheduled on May 2-4 in Cape Town, South Africa, will see participants exchange views on how the continent can turn to the next chapter of development.The meeting, expected to gather a record 900 participants from over 60 countries, will be held under the theme "From Vision to Action, Africa's Next Chapter," organizers said."We chose this theme because we feel it is very relevant for the events that are taking place on this continent, and the opportunity for growth and investment that the international and African communities are seeing," said Katherine Tweedie, head of Africa for the World Economic Forum.Seven of the fastest growing economies in the world in the next five years will be in sub-Saharan Africa, Tweedie noted, saying that a lot of discussion will be devoted to explore drivers behind this growth.Africa's economic growth in recent years have impressed the world. Though being the most underdeveloped continent, Africa have been more resilient than expected during the global economic crisis.The International Monetary Fund (IMF) have predicted that the continent's growth in 2011 will reach 5.3 percent.Under one of the three thematic pillars, "Shaping Africa's Role in the New Reality," the meeting will explore how Africa can take on a leadership role in the new reality and guard against newly emerging global and regional risks. Participants will look at how Africa can strengthen its representation and negotiation capacity on global platforms such as COP 17 and the G20.Meanwhile, the meeting will look into Africa's industrial diversification, which is widely considered as an effective way to increase competitiveness. Discussions under the thematic pillar of "Fostering Africa's News Champions of Growth" will focus on what innovative and entrepreneurial lessons drive Africa's fastest- growing companies, and how can Africa's emerging economies build capacity in science, technology and innovation to move up the value chain.Another topic expected to attract much attention is Africa's inclusive development. In recent years, African decision makers have been looking for ways to attain inclusive development by translating economic growth into better lives for the people.Marcus Courage, managing director of consulting group Africapractice, said ahead of the meeting that Africa must start measuring its economic growth in terms of job creation and progress of value addition of what it produces, rather than the gross domestic product (GDP), if it has to move from vision to action."One of the challenges is that we measure economic success in therms of GDP. That is not fair reflection of action," he told Xinhua.Under the thematic pillar of "Building Partnership for Inclusive Development," participants will debate on how can inclusive growth be put at the heart of a sustainable development agenda for Africa, and how can government of African countries work together with the business sector to distribute more equitably the benefits from the wealth in natural resources, among others.Regarding the highlight of this year's meeting, Tweedie said there will be a strong focus on green growth and the environment agenda, working closely with the South African government, given that South Africa will be hosting the COP 17 meetings in December.The meeting will also have very strong representation from Francophone west Africa for the first time. As a result a good part of the discussions will be focusing on issues taking place in this part of Africa, she added.Although South Africa has hosted the World Economic Forum on Africa for a number of times, this year the host is attracting particular attention.South Africa has joined the BRICS group of countries which also include Brazil, Russia, India and China, becoming the only African member in the grouping. It is also the only country from Africa in G20. In November this year, South African city of Durban will host the 17th Conference of the Parties (COP 17) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.How can the country speak for Africa in the international arena, and what role can it play in facilitating closer cooperation between developing countries is also expected to draw in-depth discussions at the meeting.Meanwhile, participants are also expected to exchange views on issues including Africa's agriculture development, infrastructure construction, China-Africa cooperation, impact of political situation in North African and the Middle East on Africa's economic development, among others.

来源：资阳报