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WASHINGTON, April 11 (Xinhua) -- In the first clinical trial of gene therapy for treatment of intractable pain, U.S. researchers from the University of Michigan's Department of Neurology observed that the treatment appears to be able to provide substantial pain relief.In a study published online in the Annals of Neurology and seen on Monday, the researchers showed that the novel agent NP2 is safe and well-tolerated. In addition, measures of pain in the treated patients suggested that NP2 may provide a substantial analgesic effect.NP2 is a gene transfer vector that expresses the naturally- occurring opioid peptide enkephalin. In preclinical work in animals, David Fink, chair of the Department of Neurology, and his coworkers had demonstrated that injection of NP2 into the skin reduces pain in models of pain caused by nerve damage, inflammation or cancer.In the clinical trial, 10 patients with unrelenting pain caused by cancer were injected with the gene transfer agent in the area of skin related to the location of pain."The concept underlying this therapeutic approach is that injection of NP2 into the skin results in uptake into the nervous system and the production and release of a pain-relieving chemical in a controlled site in the pain pathway," says Fink. "In the study, patients who received the low dose of vector showed little reduction in pain; patients receiving the higher doses showed a greater than 80 percent reduction in pain over the course of four weeks following treatment."Fink's laboratory has been working on the use of modified herpes simplex virus-based vectors that are taken up by sensory nerves following skin injection to develop therapies for diseases of the nervous system for more than 20 years. Patents related to this technology have been exclusively licensed by Diamyd Medical, a publicly-traded Swedish biotechnology company that sponsored the trial, and the human-grade vector NP2 was produced by Diamyd, Inc, the U.S. subsidiary of Diamyd Medical.A phase 2 trial to compare NP2 to a placebo control has already been initiated under sponsorship from Diamyd.

WASHINGTON, April 3 (Xinhua) -- In the largest study of its kind, researchers from a consortium led by the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, the University of Miami, and the Boston University School of Medicine, identified four new genes linked to Alzheimer's disease. The findings appeared Sunday in the current issue of Nature Genetics.Each gene individually adds to the risk of having this common form of dementia later in life. These new genes offer a portal into what causes Alzheimer's disease and is a major advance in the field.The study, conducted by the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium, reports genetic analysis of more than 11,000 people with Alzheimer's disease and a nearly equal number of elderly people who have no symptoms of dementia. Three other consortia contributed confirming data from additional people, bringing the total number of people analyzed to over 54,000. The consortium also contributed to the identification of a fifth gene reported by other groups of investigators from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and other European countries.The study is the result of a large collaborative effort with investigators from 44 universities and research institutions in the United States, led by Gerard Schellenberg at University of Pennsylvania."This is the culmination of years of work on Alzheimer's disease by a large number of scientists, yet it is just the beginning in defining how genes influence memory and intellectual function as we age. We are all tremendously excited by our progress so far, but much remains to be done, both in understanding the genetics and in defining how these genes influence the disease process," Schellenberg said.Until recently, only four genes associated with late-onset Alzheimer's have been confirmed, with the gene for apolipoprotein E-e4, APOE-e4, having the largest effect on risk. The Nature Genetics studies add another four -- MS4A, CD2AP, CD33, and EPHA1 -- and contribute to identifying and confirming two other genes, BIN1 and ABCA7, thereby doubling the number of genes known to contribute Alzheimer's disease.

LOS ANGELES, March 7 (Xinhua) -- U.S. food producer Unilever said on Monday it is recalling two varieties of its Skippy peanut butter because some jars may be contaminated with salmonella.The recall affects jars distributed to retailers in 16 states -- Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Wisconsin, the company said.But the company said no illnesses have been linked to the contaminated Skippy peanut butter.The 16.3-ounce jars are marked with UPC codes 048001006812 and 048001006782 and have Best-If-Used-By Dates of MAY1612LR1, MAY1712LR1, MAY1812LR1, MAY1912LR1, MAY2012LR1 and MAY2112LR1.Unilever advised consumers in a press release to throw away any jars of the recalled peanut butter and to contact the company for a replacement coupon.Salmonella is an organism which can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. The most common symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal cramps and fever within eight hours to 72 hours of eating a contaminated product.About 40,000 cases of salmonella are reported each year in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

BEIJING, Feb. 18 (Xinhua) -- China needs to reform funding methods for scientific and technological research in order to boost the nation's innovation capabilities, said officials and researchers attending a conference in Beijing Friday.The management of the government-funded research projects should also be reformed, State Councilor Liu Yandong said at the national conference on science and technology work.Liu stressed that reform, innovation and cooperation should be the keys for China's science and technology work over the next five years, when the government would increase funding for research in new strategic industries, such as new energy, biomedicine and high-end manufacturing.Last year, central and local government spending on science and technology development totaled 380 billion yuan (57.8 billion U.S. dollars), Science and Technology Minister Wan Gang said at the conference.Over the past five years, central government spending on science and technology development had grown by around 20 percent annually.However, some researchers have complained problems in the funding system actually hinder innovation and progress.Inflexibility in the management of government funds allowed researchers little freedom to adapt projects to developments in their fields, said Li Zhenzhen, a researcher at the Institute of Policy and Management under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).Chen Jie, a research fellow of the CAS' Institute of Microelectronics, said some authorities which oversee the spending of research funds had been rather rigid."In some cases, they are more interested in spending most of the funds on new equipment than scientists," Chen said in an earlier interview with Xinhua. "Without decent pay, it is difficult to attract top scientists to work in China.""Having to solicit and lobby for funding to support the team's research projects leaves me no more than five hours a day for real research," Chen said.Top-level scientific brains are the key to the innovative capability of China, he added.A researcher attending Friday's conference echoed Chen's opinion."China manufactures 65 percent of the world's computers. But to my knowledge, we are still spending about 150 billion U.S. dollars annually to buy computer chips from overseas," the researcher told Xinhua on condition of anonymity.Wan Gang also said imported computer chips cost China more than crude oil purchases last year.But Wan believed that with breakthroughs in frontier areas such as cloning, manned space flight, moon exploration and supercomputers, China could expect a leap in science and technology development in the near future.In October last year, China successfully launched its second lunar probe, Chang'e-2.A month later, Chinese supercomputer Tianhe-1A, which can perform 2.57 quadrillion computing operations a second, was ranked the world's fastest in the TOP500 list compiled by U.S. and European researchers.

BEIJING, Feb. 1 (Xinhua) -- A plane carrying Chinese nationals who were stranded in Egypt arrived at Beijing Capital International Airport Tuesday afternoon.The plane, operated by the Air China International Corporation, arrived in Beijing at 16:50 p.m. Bejing time. The second plane, operated by Hainan Airlines, will arrive in south China's Guangzhou city later Tuesday.The two planes carry a total of 480 Chinese nationals."China has attached great importance to safety of the stranded Chinese nationals since demonstrations and protests broke out in Egypt on Jan. 28," said Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei at a regular news briefing.Hong said China has taken a package of emergency measures including warning against travel and an around-the-clock hotline to provide consular protection and assistance for the Chinese nationals.The spokesman said that a working taskforce, composed of officials from China's Foreign Ministry, National Tourism Administration, Ministry of Public Security and Civil Aviation Administration, are currently working with the Chinese embassy in Cairo to provide assistance to stranded Chinese in Egypt and to try to facilitate their early return to China.

来源：资阳报