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When people think of pandemics, they might think of a severe disease. But it turns out, pandemics have nothing to do with severity – and everything to do with location.By definition, a pandemic is the global spread of a disease that impacts a large number of people.Think of pandemics as being at the top of a three-tier system of classifying infectious disease.Outbreaks are at the base. They happen when cases of a disease suddenly surge past expectations. The flu is an example of an outbreak doctors expect to see every year.On the second level – epidemics. They happen when the disease involved in the outbreak spreads quickly to a lot of people in a short period of time. They can be local or regional.You’ll find pandemics on the third tier. They’re basically epidemics, but on a global level. That typically means more infections and more deaths.Pandemics are often the result of a new virus or new strain of virus.According to the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, it says new diseases spread fast because people don’t have immunity.The APIC says pandemics do damage beyond health, saying they also often cause disruption, economic trouble, and general hardship.So, what does this mean for COVID-19? There’s no specific infection or death rate that triggers a pandemic designation. And U.S. leaders recently said the word is largely up to interpretation. For that reason, different health organizations may declare COVID-19 a pandemic at different times.Experts say declaring a pandemic can help get the world on board with finding – and funding – a solution. 1615

Vice President Mike Pence canceled a previously scheduled event in New Hampshire on Tuesday to return to the White House, two White House officials told CNN, though the reason for scrapping the event was not immediately clear.The vice president's spokeswoman said Pence never left the Washington area and that the event will be rescheduled."Something came up that required the @VP to remain in Washington, DC. It's no cause for alarm. He looks forward to rescheduling the trip to New Hampshire very soon," Alyssa Farah wrote in a tweet.An official close to the vice president told CNN that there was no emergency, saying, "the VP was called back to the White House but no cause for alarm."Pence was scheduled to travel to Manchester, New Hampshire, to participate in a roundtable discussion with patients at the Granite Recovery Center headquarters and deliver remarks on the opioid crisis and illegal drug flow into the state. 939

UK police have launched a murder investigation after 39 people were found dead in a truck container at an industrial park in Essex, 30 kilometers east of London. One of the victims was in their teens.Authorities believe the truck, which originated in Bulgaria, entered the UK through the Welsh port of Holyhead over the weekend. A regular ferry service connects Holyhead with the Irish capital, Dublin."We are in the process of identifying the victims, however I anticipate that this could be a lengthy process," Chief Superintendent Andrew Mariner said in a statement.They have arrested a 25-year-old Northern Irish truck driver "on suspicion of murder" after finding the bodies early on Wednesday morning, 720

Two 19-year-old Americans have been arrested while on vacation in Rome over the murder of an Italian police officer Friday, Italian police told CNN Saturday.The Carabinieri police force said in a statement that the pair were arrested Friday night for "the crime of aggravated murder and attempted extortion."Police named the suspects as Christian Gabriel Natale Hjorth and Elder Finnegan Lee, and said both were from San Francisco, California. Photos of the pair have not been released.Italian police officer Mario Cerciello Rega was stabbed eight times at 2 a.m. local time on Friday, in the Prati neighborhood of Rome on Via Pietro Cossa, near the hotel where the two young men were staying, police said. Officer Rega was declared dead at 4:30 a.m.The police statement said surveillance footage and witness testimonies had allowed the Capitoline Investigative Unit to identify the two responsible for the "heinous crime."The two Americans were arrested inside their hotel room in Rome."They were already ready to leave the country," police said. "During the search of the hotel room, which was occupied by the two detainees, the murder weapon was found and seized, a knife of considerable size, cleverly hidden behind a ceiling panel, as well as the clothes worn during the crime."The two, once at the station, were interrogated by the Carabinieri, under the direction of the magistrates of the Public Prosecutor of Rome, in the face of overwhelming evidence, they confessed to the charge."Only one of the men is accused of stabbing the officer, but both admit to taking part in the fracas, police said.Police also noted that the Americans had stolen a backpack from an Italian citizen shortly before the murder. The suspects subsequently answered the owner's cellphone, which they had also taken, and told him "they would not return the backpack without 100 euros and 1 gram of cocaine," police added.After police were contacted by the victim, officers met the American suspects under the guise of retrieving the backpack.They subsequently identified themselves as law enforcement officers, upon which one of the suspects took out a knife and stabbed the officer eight times before fleeing the scene, police said.The police said that the pair "did not hesitate to engage in a scuffle which culminated in the tragic deadly wounding of Mario Rega Cerciello." 2371

Vaping products, one of the fastest-growing segments of the legal marijuana industry, have taken a hit from consumers as public health experts scramble to determine what’s causing a mysterious and sometimes fatal lung disease among people who use e-cigarettes.The ailment has sickened at least 530 people and killed nine. Some vaped nicotine, but many reported using oil containing THC, marijuana’s high-inducing ingredient, and said they bought products from pop-up shops and other illegal sellers. The only death linked to THC vapes bought at legal shops occurred in Oregon.Amid the health scare, the amount of the legal pot industry’s revenue that comes from vape products has dropped by 15% nationwide, with some states, including Oregon, seeing decreases of more than 60%.Health officials in California, home to the world’s largest legal marijuana marketplace, this week issued an advisory urging people to stop all forms of vaping until a cause is determined. Massachusetts, which like California allows so-called recreational use of marijuana by people 21 and older, went further than any other state, issuing a four-month ban on vape sales.Vaping THC is popular for those who want a quick high but don’t want the smoke that comes from lighting up a joint. Marijuana companies are trying to boost the public’s confidence by promoting that their vaping products are tested by the government, demanding ingredient lists from their vendors and in some cases pulling items from shelves. Some also are scrambling to get liability insurance.Still, many have seen notable declines in sales in the few weeks since the health scare emerged on a national scale.“It’s having an impact on how consumers are behaving,” said David Alport, owner of Bridge City Collective in Portland, which in two weeks saw a 31% drop in sales of vape cartridges that hold the oil that vaporizes when heated. “People are concerned, and we’re concerned.”In the United States’ booming legal cannabis market, vaping products have exploded in popularity. In roughly two years, they have grown from a small fraction of overall sales to about one-third, with .6 billion in sales between 2017 and 2019, according to New Frontier Data, an economic analysis firm that tracks the industry. About one-fifth of U.S. cannabis consumers report using them.New Frontier found a 15% decline in the market share for vape sales nationwide during the first week of September and saw no rebound in data collected through Sept. 18. At the state level, New Mexico, Massachusetts, Nevada and Montana all saw drops of one-third or more, while California fell by 6%. Oregon, which announced its death at the beginning of the month and said it was from a vape purchased at a regulated dispensary, saw one of the biggest drops in market share for vape revenue — 62%, said John Kagia, the firm’s chief knowledge officer. Analysts are watching to see if further erosion occurs following congressional testimony Tuesday by Dr. Anne Schuchat, principal deputy director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, who said the number of lung illnesses could soon climb by the hundreds.“This is a very, very fast-moving issue, and it will likely be a couple more weeks, if not months, before we understand the impact it’s really had on the retail ecosystem and on consumers’ attitudes,” Kagia said.In an explosively growing market, “it’s not unexpected that something would come up that would be disruptive,” he said. “But the question is, how quick is the industry’s response and how agile is that response to assure the public and regulators that this issue is being addressed and there’s robust self-governance?”Doctors have said the illnesses resemble an inhalation injury, with the lungs apparently reacting to a caustic substance. So far, no single vaping product or ingredient has been linked to the illnesses. Some patients who have vaped only nicotine also have gotten ill.Health officials in New York are focusing on vitamin E acetate, a viscous solution that’s sometimes added to marijuana oils. Retailers in some markets are pulling products from their shelves that contain that and other additives. Other companies have proactively released public statements saying their vape oils contain only pure THC.In Illinois, a message board for medical marijuana patients banned posters from sharing home vape recipes.“I just do THC. No flavor additives. I won’t even take that chance,” said Lisa Haywood, a medical marijuana card holder who lives outside Chicago and follows the board for advice and support.Other medical marijuana users are worried about restrictions on vaping.If there’s a ban, “what does it do for all these people who have been seeing relief? ... It is going to really impact patients and the industry that we’ve fought” to create, said Melanie Rose Rodgers, a Colorado medical cannabis patient and a leader of the state’s chapter of Americans for Safe Access, which advocates for medical marijuana patients.State regulators track the cannabis sold to consumers but don’t monitor what additives, if any, are in marijuana oil vapes. That’s led states to begin discussions of how to tighten restrictions on vaping products even as retailers themselves try to determine which of the products on their shelves contain so-called cutting agents.“We haven’t evolved our system that far to think about what we would test for in those products. A lot of these additives were conceptual at the time when the (marijuana legalization) law passed and the program came into place,” said Steve Marks, executive director of the Oregon Liquor License Commission, which oversees the state’s cannabis industry.“Figuring that out is part of the evolution that we have to do as a consumer protection agency,” he said. “Science is not going to guide us because science is lagging.”Hilary Bricken, a Los Angeles-based attorney whose firm specializes in cannabis business law and regulatory issues, said the legal marijuana industry is moving so fast that many states are “literally making this up as they go,” and the vaping scare has stripped away the sense of security that consumers get from buying from a licensed dispensary.The vaping crisis will undoubtedly hasten tighter regulation at the state level and force the industry to patrol itself better to avoid crippling lawsuits, she said.Bobby Burleson, an analyst with Toronto-based investment and financial services company Canaccord Genuity, said the initial problems for the vape segment of the cannabis industry should moderate, and the health scare may in the end help the legal marijuana industry.The crisis “should ultimately accelerate the shift away from the black market for cannabis products in the U.S.,” he said.___Flaccus and Peltz, who reported from New York City, are members of AP’s marijuana beat team. Follow the AP’s complete marijuana coverage: 6895

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