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SAN DIEGO (CNS) - According to research published Friday by UC San Diego School of Medicine and San Diego State University researchers, the risk of contracting COVID-19 from handling trick-or-treat candy that has been in contact with a coronavirus-positive person is minimal, but not zero.In the study published Friday in the journal mSystems, the researchers analyzed the viral load on Halloween candy handled by patients with COVID-19.SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes the illness COVID-19, is primarily transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. The risk of infection by touching fomites -- objects or surfaces upon which viral particles have landed and persist -- is relatively low, according to multiple studies, even when fomites are known to have been exposed to the novel coronavirus. Nonetheless, the risk is not zero."The main takeaway is that although the risk of transmission of SARS- CoV-2 by surfaces -- including candy wrappers -- is low, it can be reduced even further by washing your hands with soap before handling the candy and washing the candy with household dishwashing detergent afterwards," said co-senior author Rob Knight, professor and director of the Center for Microbiome Innovation at UCSD."The main risk is interacting with people without masks, so if you are sharing candy, be safe by putting it in dish where you can wave from six feet away," he said.As San Diego County heads into a Halloweekend, public health officials are urging members of the public to practice COVID-19 protocols -- including avoiding large gatherings such as Halloween parties and door-to-door trick-or-treating."These activities involve face-to-face interactions with people from different households," said Dr. Wilma Wooten, the county's public health officer. "If a COVID-19 infection is detected among a participant, it will be very difficult to find and notify those who may have been exposed."These traditional Halloween celebrations are not advised, and large gatherings are not allowed under state or local health guidance. The county has reported dozens of community outbreaks in the past week.For their study, the researchers enrolled 10 recently diagnosed COVID- 19 patients who were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and asked them to handle Halloween candy under three different conditions: Normally with unwashed hands, normally with washed hands and extensive handling while deliberately coughing.The candy was then divided into two treatments -- no post-handling washing and washed with household dishwashing detergent -- followed by analyses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the same technology used to diagnose COVID-19 infections in people, and a second analytical platform that can conduct tests on larger samples more quickly and cheaply. Both produced similar findings.On candies not washed post-handling, researchers detected SARS-CoV-2 on 60% of the samples that had been deliberately coughed on and on 60% of the samples handled normally with unwashed hands. However, the virus was detected on only 10% of the candies handled after handwashing.The dishwashing detergent was effective for reducing the viral RNA on candies, with reducing the viral load by 62.1 percent.The researchers had also planned to test bleach, but noted that bleach sometimes leaked through some of the candy wrappers, making it unsafe for this type of cleaning use.The study authors underscored that the likely risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from candy is low, even if handled by someone with a COVID-19 infection, but it can be reduced to near-zero if the candy is handled only by people who have first washed their hands and if it is washed with household dishwashing detergent for approximately a minute after collection.Knight led the study with Forest Rohwer, viral ecologist at San Diego State University, and Dr. Louise Laurent, professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine. 3937

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - In the latest effort to house the growing number of homeless in the San Diego region, city officials Wednesday said three new temporary shelters will open, the first one or two by the end of this year."The solutions are not perfect, but they are necessary" said Mayor Kevin Faulconer at a news conference. 331

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - A young man who groped and sexually assaulted four female students as they walked to their off-campus housing near San Diego State University last summer was sentenced today to a two-year prison term.Judge Polly Shamoon also ordered Minda Shewangizaw, 20, to stay away from the four victims and San Diego State for 10 years.Shewangizaw pleaded guilty in April to felony and misdemeanor charges of false imprisonment and sexual battery. The defendant still faces charges that he tried to rape a woman in May 2017 at UC Riverside, where he was a student.Deputy District Attorney Judy Taschner said the victims in the SDSU case ranged from 17 to 19 years old. "He (Shewangizaw) attacked two separate groups of girls that were walking in pairs," the prosecutor said outside court."And even though they were walking with a friend, it didn't deter him from literally walking up to them and sexually assaulting them and grabbing them against their will."T.H. testified during a preliminary hearing in January that she and her roommate, T.L., were walking near Montezuma Road and 55th Street, back to their apartment just after midnight last Aug. 29 when the defendant came up from behind and forcefully "grabbed my butt."T.L. testified that she noticed someone walking behind them before he began chasing them. "I said, You need to leave," T.L. testified. "He grabbed my hand and pulled me toward him. He pulled my shirt down and grabbed my breast."T.L. said she kicked the defendant and was able to break free. She and her roommate notified a security guard, who called campus police.The witness said Shewangizaw was wearing an "extremely distinctive" blue Hawaiian shirt and she and her roommate were able to identify him a short time later, after his arrest following another attack.Jane Doe 2 testified that she and Jane Doe 1 were on a pedestrian bridge near the Aztec Student Union, headed back to their dorm about 1 a.m., when she heard footsteps and was smacked on her "behind" by the defendant."I was livid. I said, What are you doing? Don't do that! He laughed it off." The witness said she kept walking and tried to ignore the defendant, but he followed and made a remark about her breasts before pulling her shirt down and putting his hands on her chest.Jane Doe 2 said Shewangizaw went to Jane Doe 1 and said, "How about you? What do you have?" Jane Doe 1 testified that Shewangizaw asked them if they were freshman and told them he was a junior at SDSU. The witness said she froze when the defendant grabbed her friend's breasts."I got really freaked out." She said Shewangizaw grabbed her breasts and buttocks and trapped her against a rail before laughing and walking away. Shewangizaw was arrested and bailed out of custody, but was re- arrested in connection with the alleged attempted rape at UC Riverside. 2844

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - After being reassured that motorists' privacy would not be compromised, the county Board of Supervisors Wednesday unanimously approved a plan to electronically collect license plate data as part of a vehicle- emissions study aimed at improving air quality.Under the plan, the county Air Pollution Control District will use automated license reader software to analyze vehicles at 12 intersections in disadvantaged communities, including Barrio Logan, Logan Heights, Sherman Heights and western National City.A state grant will pay for the ,500 automated license plate reader system, which will collect license plate numbers and vehicles' weight, make and model.Jon Adams, assistant director of APCD, said the data will be collected in a secure method and kept at the district office, and would not be shared with anyone else. He said information, including license plate numbers, will be deleted after three days.Other agencies, including the California Air Resources Board and Port of San Diego, already use the same software, Adams said.APCD officials met over the last two months with various community groups and the Portside Community Steering Committee, which includes representatives of private and public organizations.The district's Community Air Protection Program was developed in response to Assembly Bill 617, which is aimed at reducing exposure to air pollutants in disadvantaged communities.At its Sept. 11 meeting, the Board of Supervisors expressed concerns over potential privacy violations and asked district officials to present alternatives.Two residents urged the board to support data collection, saying the end goal of cleaner air is a worthy cause.Sandy Naranjo, a Portside Steering Committee member, said "information and transparency are crucial for our communities, because we are tired of getting sick."Joy Williams, an Environmental Health Coalition member, said her group has been working in Barrio Logan and surrounding communities for decades and heard numerous complaints about pollution sources, including mobile ones.Supervisor Greg Cox said any time the county can get so many groups to agree, it's a good sign and "makes it a pretty easy decision on our part."Supervisor Kristin Gaspar said she appreciated the reassurances relating to privacy."I believe that we have the best intentions with this program," Gaspar said.Supervisor Nathan Fletcher said no group of children should be "eight times more likely to develop asthma because of where they live or the color of their skin.""We have to take swift, bold action and spend money in a way that represents the greatest investment," Fletcher said, adding he hopes this program gets underway quickly. 2716

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - New health restrictions took effect Monday in San Diego County and the rest of Southern California, shutting down indoor service at restaurants among other closures, due to the rapidly increasing number of coronavirus hospitalizations.A state-mandated "regional stay-at-home" order went into effect at 11:59 p.m. Sunday, triggered when intensive-care unit bed availability remained below 15% after Saturday's daily update, according to the California Department of Public Health.The 11-county Southern California region's available ICU capacity was 12.5% Saturday, a decrease from 13.1% the day before. The ICU capacity Sunday for the region was 10.3%. San Diego County had 20.5% of its ICU beds available as of Saturday.On Sunday, the county reported 35 new hospitalizations, bringing the total to 4,871. Three more patients were placed in intensive care, bringing the total to 1,068.The Southern California region consists of San Diego, Orange, Los Angeles, Riverside, Imperial, Inyo, Mono, San Bernardino, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara and Ventura counties.The stay-at-home order will be in place for three weeks and prohibits gatherings of people from different households. Regions will be eligible to exit from the order on Dec. 28 if ICU capacity projections for the following month are above or equal to 15%.On Sunday, San Diego County officials reported 1,703 new cases of COVID-19 and seven additional deaths.That brings the total number of cases to 92,171 with 1,062 deaths.County Supervisors Chairman Greg Cox said the three-week stay-at-home order was tough to take."There's no way around it," Cox said during a special Saturday briefing. "It stinks."But in recent weeks, the county has experienced a rise in the number of coronavirus cases, hospitalization rates and the use of ICU beds, Cox said."We know the timing could not be worse," because of the holidays, Cox said. "But we know better days are ahead," he added, referring to the arrival of vaccines.Supervisor Nathan Fletcher said county residents are facing a tough situation."But COVID-19 is a tough virus," Fletcher said. "This is the toughest fight we've had to face during the pandemic. But hope is on the horizon with a vaccination, but it's not here now."Fletcher said the county faced an unprecedented situation."We don't have a choice," Fletcher said. "It is a deadly pandemic that is ravaging our community."Under the order, the following businesses/recreational facilities will be forced to close:-- indoor and outdoor playgrounds-- indoor recreational facilities-- hair salons and barbershops-- personal care services-- museums, zoos, and aquariums-- movie theaters-- wineries-- bars, breweries and distilleries-- family entertainment centers-- cardrooms and satellite wagering-- limited services-- live audience sports-- amusement parksSchools with waivers will be allowed to remain open, along with "critical infrastructure" and retail stores, which will be limited to 20% of capacity. Restaurants will be restricted to takeout and delivery service only. Hotels are allowed to open "for critical infrastructure support only," while churches are restricted to outdoor only services. Entertainment production -- including professional sports -- are be allowed to continue without live audiences.Some of those restrictions are already in effect in select counties.California has grouped its counties into five regions: The Bay Area, the Greater Sacramento Region, Northern California, the San Joaquin Valley and Southern California.The state reported Sunday that the Bay Area's ICU capacity is at 24.1%, Greater Sacramento at 18.2% and Northern California at 26.5%.The San Joaquin Valley joined the Southern California region in the new shutdown protocol Sunday night, as its ICU capacity dropped to 6.6% on Sunday. It was at 8.6% on Saturday.The state's full stay-at-home order can be read at https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/Regional-Stay-at-Home-Order-.aspx. 3994

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