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How accurate are the coronavirus tests used in the U.S.?Months into the outbreak, no one really knows how well many of the screening tests work, and experts at top medical centers say it is time to do the studies to find out.When the new virus began spreading, the Food and Drug Administration used its emergency powers to OK scores of quickly devised tests, based mainly on a small number of lab studies showing they could successfully detect the virus.That’s very different from the large patient studies that can take weeks or months, which experts say are needed to provide a true sense of testing accuracy.The FDA’s speedy response came after it was initially criticized for delaying the launch of new tests during a crisis and after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stumbled in getting its own test out to states.But with the U.S. outbreak nearly certain to stretch on for months or even years, some experts want the FDA to demand better evidence of the tests’ accuracy so doctors know how many infections might be missed.There have been more than 2 million confirmed coronavirus cases in the U.S. and more than 115,000 deaths, according to data compiled by Johns Hopkins University. Cases in nearly half of U.S. states are rising.In recent weeks, preliminary findings have flagged potential problems with some COVID-19 tests, including one used daily at the White House. Faulty tests could leave many thousands of Americans with the incorrect assumption that they are virus-free, contributing to new flare-ups of the disease as communities reopen.“In the beginning, the FDA was under a lot of pressure to get these tests onto the marketplace,” said Dr. Steven Woloshin of Dartmouth College, who wrote about the issue in the New England Journal of Medicine last week. “But now that there are plenty of tests out there, it’s time for them to raise the bar.”The FDA said in a statement that it has already asked multiple test makers to do follow-up accuracy studies, although it didn’t say for how many of the more than 110 authorized screening tests. The agency also said it is tracking reports of problems. Accuracy has also been an issue with blood tests that look for signs of past infections.No screening test is 100% accurate. So details on accuracy are routinely provided for tests of all types, including seasonal flu, hepatitis, HIV and cancers. For example, rapid flu tests are known to miss 20% or more of all cases, a factor doctors weigh when treating patients who have symptoms but test negative.For now, most COVID-19 tests in the U.S. don’t give data on real-world performance, including how often the tests falsely clear patients of infection or falsely detect the virus. That information is lacking for all but a few of the roughly 80 commercial screening tests available, according to an Associated Press review.The government’s emergency authorization process “requires a lower level of evidence,” the agency said. Makers need only show that a test “may be effective” instead of the usual requirement to demonstrate “safety and effectiveness.” They would have to meet that higher threshold once the U.S. government declares the emergency over.Many of the commercial test makers submitted results from 60 samples, the minimum number required and mostly used lab-produced specimens of the virus. The FDA now recommends the use of nasal swabs or other real samples from people screened for coronavirus.Experts say larger patient studies patients are needed to assess a test’s true performance.Lab testing bears little resemblance to actual — sometimes imperfect — conditions at hospitals, clinics and testing sites noted Dr. Robert Kaplan of Stanford University.“You’re testing people in parking lots, the patients themselves are extremely anxious and often unable to follow instructions,” said Kaplan, a former associate director of the National Institutes of Health.Kaplan and others say those differences could explain why some tests are not performing as expected.Last month, the FDA warned doctors of a potential accuracy problem with Abbott Laboratories’ rapid ID Now test, which delivers results in roughly 15 minutes. The test has been lauded by President Donald Trump and used to screen the president, his staff and visitors to the White House.The FDA alert followed a preliminary report by New York University that found Abbott’s test missed between a third to one-half of infections caught by a rival test in patients screened for the virus.Abbott rejected the findings, saying the researchers did not follow the instructions for using its test. The company pointed to alternate patient studies, including its own, that have found the test successfully detects between 91% and 95% or more of virus cases when compared to other tests.But similar problems with ID NOW’s accuracy have been flagged in preliminary reports by researchers at Stanford University, Loyola University and the Cleveland Clinic.For now, the FDA is requiring Abbott to conduct follow-up studies in several different patient groups.The FDA’s emergency standards “are still high but there is a significant difference in the body of work that what would go into a submission under the normal process,” said Abbott vice president John Hackett. “Our normal process takes years to bring these out.”Requiring bigger studies of all coronavirus tests could provide valuable information, but it could also strain the FDA’s already stretched staff and resources, said Dr. Daniel Schultz, former director of the FDA’s medical device center.Dr. Colin West of the Mayo Clinic worries doctors and patients have put too much confidence in the current crop of tests, when an unknown number of patients with COVID-19 are likely receiving false negative results.Even a modest error rate can have grave consequences during an outbreak like COVID-19. West gives the example of a test that is 95% accurate at detecting the virus and is used on 1 million people. That would still result in 50,000 people being incorrectly told that they don’t have the virus.“The negative test does not mean that I’m off the hook,” West said. “We just need to maintain that level of vigilance until we have a better sense of how good these tests really can be.”___Follow Matthew Perrone on Twitter: @AP_FDAwriter.___Follow AP pandemic coverage at http://apnews.com/VirusOutbreak and https://apnews.com/UnderstandingtheOutbreak.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 6604

In an industry like cosmetology, where all services revolve around hair, skin and nails, getting up close and personal to people is a big part of the job.For those looking to make a career in the beauty business, the pandemic is taking a toll. “I had 84 students pre-COVID,” said Donna Kramer, executive director at Empire Beauty School. “I have 72 right now.”Kramer says COVID-19 initially caused the campus to close.It’s recently reopened with new restrictions set by the local health department. Class sizes are smaller, fewer clients can come in due to social distancing and all students have to wear masks.The area that’s taken the biggest hit, however, is attendance.“It’s kind of toying with people’s personal lives,” Kramer said. “We’ve had students that have had to miss a lot of school because of daycare issues. We’ve had students that have had to actually stay away temporarily because their spouses.”According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of hairstylists and cosmetologists is projected to drop by 1% by the end of the decade, which is leaving many students concerned that their career opportunities might be going down the drain.“I know a lot of students kind of have that fear of not being able to find a job now with COVID,” said Alexis Lovato, a cosmetology student at Empire Beauty School.Lovato says many of her classmates are concerned about their employment options once their training is complete.“I think a lot of its just worried about being placed and what’s going to be available for them after their graduation,” she said.Kramer says despite the challenges, students are still getting their hours in and while hands-on training may be a little different, it’s a style they can adapt to.“This industry is going to really flourish once we can get through this,” she said. 1826

I'm bi! I want to write a bi character, dammit! Luckily my stubbornness paid off and now I am VERY supported by current Disney leadership. (Thank you @NashRiskin and team!) Not to mention the amazingness of this crew.— Dana Terrace (@DanaTerrace) August 9, 2020 269

HUNTINGTON BEACH, Calif. (AP) — Marine researchers have determined there are more sharks in the water off the coast of Southern California than ever before. KCAL-TV reported the Shark Lab at California State University, Long Beach, has tagged 38 sharks, which is more than triple the number tagged tag last year. Lab Director Chris Lowe tweeted about the findings and shared drone video of great white shark pups and juveniles swimming along beaches from San Diego to Santa Barbara. 491

If you’re celebrating the holiday season at home this year because of the COVID-19 pandemic, then you probably aren’t using up your travel rewards points. Instead of watching those points languish, consider turning them into holiday gifts — you can stretch your budget while taking advantage of new offers from credit card issuers.Amid the pandemic, many card issuers are offering more flexibility when it comes to points redemptions, as well as extra statement credits. With 1 in 3 holiday shoppers who accrued credit card debt last holiday season still paying it off, using credit card rewards to finance gifts can be a great way to celebrate the season while avoiding additional debt.Here are some examples of offers you can take advantage of this year:Send a mealFor a limited time, if you have an eligible Capital One travel card, you can use miles to cover restaurant delivery and takeout purchases at a 1:1 rate. That means instead of using your miles to fly home to see family, you can use them to send them a nice holiday takeout meal. You could even join them for it over Zoom.Bank of America? is also offering temporary points-for-food conversions on some of its travel cards, and in some cases a statement credit. Similarly, Chase is allowing some cardholders to redeem points for statement credits against purchases made at grocery stores, restaurants (including takeout and delivery) and home improvement for a limited time.Make a donation in someone’s nameChase is allowing some cardholders to redeem points for statement credits when making donations to qualifying charitable organizations.Treat a friend to coffeeStarbucks credit card holders received 150 bonus Stars earlier this year as part of Chase’s efforts to help consumers during the pandemic. That equates to a handcrafted drink, hot breakfast or parfait — so if you haven’t redeemed those rewards yet, consider putting them toward a (socially distanced) holiday date with a friend.Gift a streaming serviceEight months into the pandemic, we’re still looking for new ways to keep ourselves entertained indoors. Several issuers have cards with temporary or ongoing offers that give you statement credits or bonus rewards for streaming.If you pay for someone else’s streaming service, you can reap the discount or rewards.Cover someone’s exercise programFor a limited time, some American Express cardholders can purchase a membership to at-home fitness program Variis by Equinox and earn statement credits each month. Terms apply. Or, if Peloton is more your speed, some Chase cards earn limited-time statement credits toward eligible memberships.Get cashSome cards also let you redeem travel points for cash back at the same rate.It’s not always the best redemption option. But at a time when travel options may be limited, it can help offset some of the costs of the holidays and even reduce your chances of accruing credit card debt from all that additional spending, which is a real gift to yourself.More From NerdWallet5 Minimalist Tips to Make the Holidays More AffordableCan I Get Preapproved for a Credit Card?7 Times You Might Want to Product-Change a Credit CardKimberly Palmer is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: kpalmer@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @kimberlypalmer. 3256

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