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NEW YORK — There are 50.7 million children in school in the United States, and the majority of them are non-white, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Still, because of a centuries-long history of white dominance in American culture, as well as the outsize influence of certain states over American education overall, the takeaway for many students is overly simple, and dangerously racist, according to some prominent historians.In fact, "The Story of the White Man," is not only a longstanding narrative in U.S. history texts, but they're also the first six words of a widely-used history textbook from the 1930s, according to Harvard University historian Donald Yacovone.Yacovone came across it as part of his research for his upcoming book, "Teaching White Supremacy: The Textbook Battle Over Race in American History." The professor at Harvard's Hutchins Center for African & African American Study and Research ended up reading some 3,000 textbooks from the 1830s to the 1980s as part of his research.He said that at least one thing was evident throughout his readings."If you leave people out of a narrative, they suddenly become invisible," Yacovone said.People of African descent, Yacovone said, have been largely left out of historical narratives for much of U.S. history.Even as recently as 2015, a high school textbook's omission of key details about African American history cast light on a shortcoming of history writing.A mother in Texas, Roni Burren, posted a video on Facebook of her reading a caption from a map in her son's 10th-grade textbook."Under this section, called 'Patterns of Immigration,'" Burren said while holding the book, "World Geography," to the camera, and reading from the text, "'The Atlantic slave trade from the 1500s to the 1800s brought millions of workers from Africa to the southern United States to work on agricultural plantations.' So it is now considered immigration," Burren said, clearly appalled.The video was viewed millions of times, and ultimately publisher McGraw Hill made a very public apology and revised the text.However, oversights like that, in a country where a majority of people only get a kindergarten through 12th-grade education, inform a strong message that most Americans receive about our country, according to Yacavone. "That whiteness is what matters," he said.One reason for that may be the process in which textbooks, and lesson plans connected to them, are created and distributed.Major publishers, such as McGraw-Hill, Pearson, and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, all have highly-promoted policies of countering racism and promoting diversity.That still doesn't mean that there can't be shortcomings, as the "World Geography" case makes clear.It's also part of a larger challenge involving inclusiveness and accuracy in school textbooks, as Carisa Lopez, political director of the Texas Freedom Network, an advocacy organization for education and other issues in the Lone Star State, explained."Because Texas is such a large state," she said in an interview, "other, smaller states are forced to purchase textbooks that have to adhere to Texas standards."Texas and California have more K through 12 students than any other U.S. states. California's state textbook curricula standards tend to be more focused on California-specific history and subjects.Texas's standards, by contrast, tend to be more general. However, the state board of education, which approves or disapproves textbook content, is not made up exclusively of educators. Politicians, religious leaders, and others have served.As a result, said Lopez, "Too often what students learn is based on distortions, myths and just plain politics and personal biases."Another issue is instruction."They're still relegating history classes to gym teachers," Yacovone said.Some research bears that out. Analysis by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences found that of all school subjects, history has the highest rate of teachers who didn't major or get certified in it.Martha S. Jones, a historian at Johns Hopkins University, said that when it comes to issues like slavery, Jim Crow, and other topics involving African American history, "The number one question I get is, 'why didn't I learn this in school?'"Jones is among many scholars of African-American history who say that white supremacy is built into American education.A historical look here in New York supports their claim.Among the earliest American textbook writers was Noah Webster. The contemporary of the founding fathers published the new nation's first daily newspaper, from his office on Wall Street.Webster is certainly most famous for publishing Webster's Dictionary.Through it, and a spelling book that he published, Webster invented American English, differentiated from how British subjects speak and spell the language.As for his attitude toward people of African descent, Webster was clear, and his point of view influenced his textbooks as strongly as he influenced American culture."'For the woolly-haired Africans, who constitute the principal part of the inhabitants of Africa, there is no history,'" Webster said, as quoted by Yacovone."And that attitude," Yacovone continued, "was perpetuated in almost every single textbook, until the 1960s."One reason that it persisted, was a New Yorker named John Van Evrie, Yacovone said."I call him an evil genius of white supremacy," Yacovone said.From his office across the street from City Hall, Van Evrie published newspapers, pamphlets, books -- including a textbook -- all specifically arguing that Americans aren't black. Instead, Van Evrie wrote, America is white.It united the various European ethnic groups that comprised the majority of the American population in the 1800s, and in the process, it put African Americans in a position of non-citizenship in the eyes of many whites."His books were read in Congress," said Yacovone. "His books were read in state legislatures. It was impossible to escape him. Even Lincoln read Van Evrie."His work formed the foundation that American education and culture are built on, even though it's a false narrative."We must change our identity as Americans as white," Yacovone said. "We must change that to one of being multi-ethnic. It's much better."Martha S. Jones, the Johns Hopkins historian, supported that assessment."The example I'll offer," she said, "is that of our new Vice President-elect Kamala Harris.""We need to understand the history out of which she has emerged --- African American women's political history, the history of the discrimination against African American women in politics, and when it comes to voting rights," Jones said, "so that our students can be smart citizens in real-time."Classroom instruction is finally beginning to change, where a wider variety of Americans are now part of the history lesson.For example, the 1619 Project, the New York Times's detailed examination of how slavery has influenced American life, is now being taught in thousands of classrooms across the country.One organization using it as a classroom tool in the history of nonprofit Facing History and Ourselves.Its program director, Laura Tavares, laid out why non-textbook learning aids are vital to a full understanding of history and other classroom subjects."You can't teach what you don't know," Tavares said, "and 80% of teachers in the United States are white."One of the things that we understand about being white," she continued, "is that we are allowed to move through the world often with the lack of consciousness about race, with the lack of conversation about race, and racial identity."As for her organization, she said, "We create classroom resources. So that's lesson plans, unit guides, multimedia films, to teach in more equitable and inclusive and engaging ways."It's part of a new, evolving way to teach. Instead of using history textbooks, teachers are taking students -- and adults -- online, where getting the education narrative right is more important than ever, as Martha S. Jones pointed out."My students, this semester, have been editing and creating Wikipedia sites related to African American women," she told PIX11 News."We are making sure that folks who have questions about that when they come to a space like Wikipedia find not only good, accurate facts, but they find links to excellent secondary sources," Jones continued. "They might even find links to primary materials where they can read the history firsthand."Her students' Wikipedia entries include histories of such prominent African American figures as Frances Harper, Shirley Chisholm, Ida B. Wells, and Crystal Bird Fauset.Wikipedia has now formed a foundation that helps fund the writing of entries by scholars in an effort to ensure that Wikipedia is a teachable resource.Meanwhile, textbooks aren't going away. While there's no shortage of experts who say that racism in some of the latest textbooks persists, they also say that there's been an improvement over time."There still are problems, but they're much, much better," Yacovone said.Martha S. Jones pointed out that "there are very important, distinguished... African American scholars who now produce their own textbooks."Those books are starting to make a difference, by influencing how textbooks are written and produced generally, nationwide, like Tavares, from Facing History and Ourselves said."When there's demand from parents, perhaps, and communities, even textbooks can tell a more complete and inclusive story," she said.This story was first reported by James Ford at WPIX in New York, New York. 9611

NEW YORK -- Lori Gaeta gets a cup of coffee every day at a cafe on Lexington Avenue in New York City.Last week, she got a cup coffee and started a conversation with a homeless man that changed both of their lives.Gaeta says she met the homeless man, named William, on 61st Street. It was a conservation she couldn't get out of her mind.“He was paralyzed in a broken down wheelchair. I just felt he could use a blessing,” said Gaeta.All she knew about him is he is 61 years old and his name is William, he became paralyzed and is now homeless.She noticed his wheelchair was being held together with duct tape and was falling apart. She asked him if it was alright for her to get him a new chair.Gaeta sprung into action and started an online quest asking for help posting on a site called Nextdoor. Generous New Yorkers immediately came forward offering used chairs.Then a total stranger, named Elizabeth Menegan, offered to buy William a new chair, spending over 0.“You know that saying it takes a village to raise a child? Well, this took an entire neighborhood to bless this man. He has no idea he had a brand new chair coming to him,” said Gaeta.William says he is grateful for the generosity of so many strangers.“I don’t know her but I give her respect,” said William.Gaeta says this story is more than getting William a wheelchair, she hopes that she can help William find a home.This story was originally published by Monica Morales at WPIX. 1459

New wildfires ravaged bone-dry California during a scorching Labor Day weekend that saw a dramatic airlift of more than 200 people trapped by flames and ended with the state’s largest utility turning off power to 172,000 customers to try to prevent its power lines and other equipment from sparking more fires.California is heading into what traditionally is the teeth of the wildfire season, and already it has set a record with 2 million acres burned this year. The previous record was set just two years ago and included the deadliest wildfire in state history — the Camp Fire that swept through the community of Paradise and killed 85 people.That fire was started by Pacific Gas & Electric power lines. Liability from billions of dollars in claims from that and other fires forced the utility to seek bankruptcy protection. To guard against new wildfires and new liability, PG&E last year began preemptive power shutoffs when conditions are exceptionally dangerous.That’s the situation now in Northern California, where high and dry winds are expected until Wednesday. PG&E received criticism for its handling of planned outages last year. The utility said it has learned from past problems, “and this year will be making events smaller in size, shorter in length and smarter for customers.”Two of the three largest fires in state history are burning in the San Francisco Bay Area. More than 14,000 firefighters are battling those fires and about two dozen others around California.The fire danger also is high in Southern California, where new fires were burning in Los Angeles, San Bernardino and San Diego counties. The U.S. Forest Service on Monday decided to close all eight national forests in the region and to shutter campgrounds statewide.“The wildfire situation throughout California is dangerous and must be taken seriously.” said Randy Moore, regional forester for the Forest Service’s Pacific Southwest Region that covers California. “Existing fires are displaying extreme fire behavior, new fire starts are likely, weather conditions are worsening, and we simply do not have enough resources to fully fight and contain every fire.”Lynne Tolmachoff, spokeswoman for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, or Cal Fire, said it’s “unnerving” to have reached a record for acreage burned when September and October usually are the worst months for fires because vegetation has dried out and high winds are more common.While the two mammoth Bay Area fires were largely contained after burning for three weeks, firefighters struggled to corral several other major blazes ahead of the expected winds. Evacuation orders were expanded to more mountain communities Monday as the largest blaze, the Creek Fire, churned through the Sierra National Forest in Central California.It was one of many recent major fires that has displayed terrifyingly swift movement. The fire moved 15 miles (24 kilometers) in a single day during the weekend and burned 56 square miles (145.04 square kilometers). Since starting Friday from an unknown cause. it has burned 212 square miles (549 square kilometers).Debra Rios wasn’t home Monday when the order came to evacuate her hometown of Auberry, just northeast of Fresno. Sheriff’s deputies went to her ranch property to pick up her 92-year-old mother, Shirley MacLean. They reunited at an evacuation center.“I hope like heck the fire doesn’t reach my little ranch,” Rios said. “It’s not looking good right now. It’s an awfully big fire.”Mountain roads saw a steady stream of cars and trucks leaving the community of about 2,300 on Monday afternoon.Firefighters working in steep terrain saved the tiny town of Shaver Lake from flames that roared down hillsides toward a marina. About 30 houses were destroyed in the remote hamlet of Big Creek, resident Toby Wait said.“About half the private homes in town burned down,” he said. “Words cannot even begin to describe the devastation of this community.”A school, church, library, historic general store and a major hydroelectric plant were spared in the community of about 200 residents, Wait told the Fresno Bee.Sheriff’s deputies went door to door to make sure residents were complying with orders to leave. Officials hoped to keep the fire from pushing west toward Yosemite National Park.On Saturday, National Guard rescuers in two military helicopters airlifted 214 people to safety after flames trapped them in a wooded camping area near Mammoth Pool Reservoir. Two people were seriously injured and were among 12 hospitalized.On Monday night, a military helicopter landed near Lake Edison to rescue people trapped by the fire, the Fresno Fire Department said on Twitter. There was no immediate number of how many people were airlifted.Chief Warrant Officer Joseph Rosamond, the pilot of a Chinook helicopter, said visibility was poor and winds increasingly strong during the three flights he made into the fire zone during the operation that started late Saturday and stretched into Sunday. His crew relied on night-vision goggles to search for a landing spot near a boat launch where flames came within 50 feet (15.24 meters) of the aircraft.The injured, along with women and children, took priority on the first airlift, which filled both helicopters to capacity, he said.“We started getting information about how many people were out there, how many people to expect, and that number kept growing. So we knew that it was a dire situation,” Rosamond said.In Southern California, crews scrambled to douse several fires that roared to life in searing temperatures, including one that closed mountain roads in Angeles National Forest and forced the evacuation of the historic Mount Wilson Observatory. Late Monday night, the Los Angeles County Fire Department told residents of Duarte, Bradbury and Monrovia near the forest to get ready for a possible evacuation.Cal Fire said a blaze in San Bernardino County called the El Dorado Fire started Saturday morning and was caused by a smoke-generating pyrotechnic device used by a couple to reveal their baby’s gender. In eastern San Diego County, a fire destroyed at least 10 structures after burning 16 square miles (41.44 square kilometers) and prompting evacuations near the remote community of Alpine in the Cleveland National Forest.California has seen 900 wildfires since Aug. 15, many of them started by an intense series of thousands of lightning strikes in mid-August. There have been eight fire deaths and more than 3,300 structures destroyed.___Weber reported from Los Angeles along with contributing Associated Press journalist Frank Baker. 6631

NEW YORK (AP) — A tentative deal has been reached to settle multiple lawsuits brought against the television and film company co-founded by Harvey Weinstein, who has been accused of sexual misconduct by scores of women.Attorneys involved in the negotiations told a federal bankruptcy court judge during a hearing in Wilmington, Delaware, Thursday that a breakthrough in a still-unfinished mediation had put a settlement within reach.The amount of the deal wasn't revealed in court, but a person familiar with the negotiations told The Associated Press it was worth million. The person wasn't authorized to reveal details of the discussions and spoke on condition of anonymity."We now have an economic agreement in principal that is supported by the plaintiffs, the (New York attorney general's) office, the defendants and all of the insurers that, if approved, would provide significant compensation to victims, creditors and the estate and allow the parties to avoid years of costly, time consuming and uncertain litigation on all sides," Adam Harris, a lawyer for studio co-founder Bob Weinstein, told the judge.He cautioned that there was still "a lot of work here to do.""But," he added, "I personally am very optimistic."The size of the settlement was first reported by The Wall Street Journal.More than 15 lawsuits have been filed accusing Harvey Weinstein or the company of misconduct. The settlement would cover many of them, including a class action by alleged victims that accuses the film company of operating like an organized crime group to conceal widespread sexual harassment and assaults.It would also resolve a civil suit by the New York attorney general alleging that Harvey Weinstein's media company, in enabling his mistreatment of women, violated labor laws.The New York attorney general's office declined to comment on the amount of the settlement.Any settlement would need to be approved by the courts.Harvey Weinstein also faces criminal charges in New York of rape and performing a forcible sex act. His trial is scheduled to begin in September. The settlement wouldn't resolve his criminal case.Weinstein denies all allegations of nonconsensual sex.An attorney who represents unsecured creditors in the bankruptcy of the Weinstein film studio, Robert Feinstein, told U.S. Bankruptcy Court Judge Mary Walrath that mediation talks that had broken down a few months ago had recently been restarted.A global settlement of the class action lawsuit and all other legal action against the Weinstein Co. seemed to become possible only in the past few days, he said, though he cautioned that many details remained to be resolved."I think we are poised to get there. I can't assure the court that we will," he said.Harris said the settlement was complex due to the number of claims, and insurance companies, involved."We're dealing with potential claims here that go back . more than 25 years," he said, adding that the nature of the allegations had also made for "a highly charged environment, with very strong feelings on all sides."___Associated Press writer Randall Chase in Dover, Delaware, contributed to this report. 3151

NEW YORK CITY — A woman was seriously injured Monday night when a man unexpectedly pushed her into a train pulling into a Manhattan subway station, according to the NYPD.Police said the shoving happened around 9:30 p.m. at the West 4th Street-Washington Square subway station near Sixth Avenue in Greenwich Village.The 55-year-old woman was standing on the platform when the man suddenly pushed her into a moving train pulling into the station, officials said.The victim hit the side of the train and then fell back onto the platform, police said.She was rushed to a nearby hospital in serious condition. The NYPD later said the woman sustained a fractured spine and broken neck in the seemingly random attack.Police responded and took a Queens man, who they believed to be responsible, into custody, according to authorities.Matthew Montanez, 23, was arrested on charges including felony assault and felony reckless endangerment, the NYPD said.This story was originally published by Mark Sundstrom on WPIX in New York City. 1032

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