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WASHINGTON, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Overweight or obesity may put children at three times greater risk for high blood pressure than those of normal weight, according to researchers from the Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University (IU) School of Medicine.Their study will appear in the November issue of Hypertension: Journal of the American Heart Association with advance online publication on Monday.More than 1,100 healthy Indiana school children were followed for nearly five years. The researchers found that when body mass index (BMI) reached or exceeded the 85th percentile for the age and gender of the child -- designated as being overweight -- the risk of high blood pressure nearly tripled. Obesity was defined as a BMI percentile higher than 95th. BMI is a measurement of body fat calculated from weight and height.Among study participants, 14 percent of overweight or obese children were pre-hypertensive or hypertensive, compared with 5 percent of normal weight children. These findings were consistent across age, gender and race.The average age at time of study enrollment was 10.2 years. Each child was assessed approximately eight times during the course of the study. All were healthy children and none were taking medication affecting blood pressure."Higher blood pressure in childhood sets the stage for high blood pressure in adulthood," said Regenstrief Institute Investigator Wanzhu Tu, professor of biostatistics at IU School of Medicine, who led the study. "Targeted interventions are needed for these children. Even small decreases in BMI could yield major health benefits."The researcher also found that leptin, a protein hormone which is involved in body weight regulation and metabolism, was positively associated with increased blood pressure in overweight and obese children.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Data from NASA's Galileo spacecraft have provided scientists evidence of what appears to be a body of liquid water, equal in volume to the North American Great Lakes, beneath the icy surface of Jupiter's moon, Europa, the U.S. space agency announced Wednesday.The data suggest there is significant exchange between Europa's icy shell and the ocean beneath. This information could bolster arguments that Europa's global subsurface ocean represents a potential habitat for life elsewhere in our solar system. The findings will be published Thursday in the scientific journal Nature.Europa, which is slightly smaller than Earth's moon, is believed to have a large ocean of salty water deep beneath its frozen crust. Galileo spacecraft, launched by the space shuttle Atlantis in 1989, studied Jupiter, which is the most massive planet in the solar system, and some of its many moons.Pictures of it sent back by Galileo point to a tortured surface of cracks and jumbled ice. Seeking to understand how such weird topography evolved in a place with such dim sunlight, scientists believe that the answer lies in similar processes on Earth.Their model suggests that Europa's ice shell is about 10 kilometers thick and within it are giant pockets of water, lying at depths as shallow as three kilometers. Warm water from these sub-surface lakes wells up in plumes, causing the ice to become brittle, crack and then collapse. The ice turnover would be a plus for the prospects for life, as it would transfer energy and nutrients between the sub-glacial lake and the surface."One opinion in the scientific community has been if the ice shell is thick, that's bad for biology. That might mean the surface isn't communicating with the underlying ocean," said Britney Schmidt, lead author of the paper and postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin. " Now, we see evidence that it's a thick ice shell that can mix vigorously and new evidence for giant shallow lakes. That could make Europa and its ocean more habitable.""The data opens up some compelling possibilities," said Mary Voytek, director of NASA's Astrobiology Program. "However, scientists worldwide will want to take a close look at this analysis and review the data before we can fully appreciate the implication of these results."

BEIJING, Jan. 12 (Xinhua) -- China's consumer price index (CPI), a main gauge of inflation, rose 4.1 percent year-on-year in December, down 0.1 percentage point from November on falling non-food prices, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said Thursday.The CPI was up 5.4 percent in 2011 from the previous year, well above the government's full-year inflation control target of 4 percent, the NBS said in a statement on its website.The inflation rate in December marked a five-straight-month decline after hitting a 37-month high of 6.5 percent in July amid government tightening measures, according to the NBS data.On a monthly basis, the cost of living dipped 0.2 percent in December, while prices of entertainment, educational and cultural articles and services dropped 0.3 percent, the NBS said.Food prices, which account for nearly one third of the basket of goods in the nation's CPI calculation, went up 9.1 percent year-on-year in December and 1.2 percent month-on-month, the NBS said.The December inflation figure was in line with the market expectation, as many economists forecast that the CPI would grow around 4 percent year-on-year in December.China's Producer Price Index (PPI), a major measure of inflation at the wholesale level, rose 1.7 percent in December year-on-year, further weakening from 2.7 a month earlier.China has made controlling prices a top priority last year and implemented a series of measures to address the issue, including tightening monetary policy, cracking down on speculation, increasing food supplies and reducing circulation costs.

BEIJING, Nov. 28 (Xinhuanet) -- Many parts of the United States are planning to offer free HIV tests for people on Dec. 1 in honor of World AIDS Day, according to media report Monday.Officials in Washington will provide free HIV tests at area-based food stamp offices, Medicaid offices, and government assistance offices.U.S. WMCA Health Services is to offer free Rapid HIV testing to all from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Dec. 1, 2011 at their office at 179 Lisbon Street, Lewiston, Maine. People getting an HIV test can get their results in 20 minutes from the confidential testing. Free chlamydia and gonorrhea testing will also be offered for all woman age 26 and under and all men.They can either call the clinic to make an appointment or walk to the office directly for free testing. They also have chances to get food, giveaways and gift cards if they get there early.More than 40 vendors are expected to take part in the second annual World AIDS Day hosted by the Lake County Health Department on Dec. 1. The free event will begin from noon and be over at 4 p.m. at Donnelly Park, 530 N. Donnelly St. in Mount Dora, Florida. World AIDS Day is a global campaign to end AIDS and help bring awareness of the disease worldwide.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 7 (Xinhua) -- Drugs that affect the levels of an important brain protein involved in learning and memory reverse cellular changes in the brain seen during aging, according to an animal study published Wednesday in the Journal of Neuroscience. The findings could one day aid in the development of new drugs that enhance cognitive function in older adults.Aging-related memory loss is associated with the gradual deterioration of the structure and function of synapses (the connections between brain cells) in brain regions critical to learning and memory, such as the hippocampus.Recent studies suggested that histone acetylation, a chemical process that controls whether genes are turned on, affects this process. Specifically, it affects brain cells' ability to alter the strength and structure of their connections for information storage, a process known as synaptic plasticity, which is a cellular signature of memory.In the current study, Cui-Wei Xie, of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues found that compared with younger rats, hippocampi from older rats have less brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -- a protein that promotes synaptic plasticity -- and less histone acetylation of the Bdnf gene. By treating the hippocampal tissue from older animals with a drug that increased histone acetylation, they were able to restore BDNF production and synaptic plasticity to levels found in younger animals."These findings shed light on why synapses become less efficient and more vulnerable to impairment during aging," said Xie, who led the study. "Such knowledge could help develop new drugs for cognitive aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease," she added.

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