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We don’t often think of racism impacting people’s health. But Dr. Amber Johnson has made a career of studying how the two issues are intertwined.“We’re in Los Angeles at this moment. Black women are the most rent-burdened in this area, so you think about having the stresses of being in a low-class environment and having to deal with racism and cope with racism," said Dr. Johnson, a professor at California State Long Beach who focuses on racism in health care. "And a lot of times, there’s feelings of isolation and loneliness all those things contribute to early physiological wear and tear on our body. Our bodies are literally wearing down."Dr. Johnson says racism is ingrained in our health system. One reason she says implicit bias, which are attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding and our decisions, even if we don’t realize it.“These implicit biases are passed down through practice, beliefs, experimentation, all these other things that really contribute to these implicit biases that we see, that are, that become very apparent when black people present in health care fields,” she explained.But systemic racism may start before you get to the doctor's office. Some experts say it begins with access.“People of color face long-standing and persistent disparities in health and healthcare, and these span across a wide array of measures,” said Samantha Artiga, the Director of the Disparities Policy Project at the Kaiser Family Foundation. Artiga's job is to look at how people of different races, genders, and classes are treated differently within the health care system. She says disparities in health care and health outcomes start with access to care and works their way up through every imaginable facet of life.“People of color are more likely to be uninsured than white individuals. That translates into increased barriers to access and care because they’re more concerned about costs, may have less access to a provider, not have a huge source of care outside of the emergency room,” she explained.Those healthcare woes can then be tied directly to jobs because 159 million Americans of all races get health insurance through their employers.But experts say the root of the race and health care problem lies in the kinds of jobs filled mostly by Black and Brown Americans. This is because they are more likely to be working in industries that may not offer coverage to their employees, or when it is offered it may not be affordable to individualsResearch from the National Institute of Health and the Center for American Progress shows African Americans in the US are less likely to have health care coverage than white people. That may be why Black women are more likely to be overweight. Black children are more likely to have asthma. Black adults are more likely to have hypertension. Cancer kills Black people at a higher rate than any other group. Black people are more likely to be diabetic than white people. Black babies die at more than double the rates of all other races in the US, and Black women die more than three times as often during childbirth as white women.Those are just some of the disparities that exist.Over and over again while researching this story, we heard about another major healthcare issue for many people of color: a shortage of doctors, nurses, and other health care workers that look like them, sound like them and have similar life experiences.“Black physicians make up 4-5 percent of all doctors practicing nationwide, whereas, Blacks make up 13 percent of the US population,” said Dr. Leon McDougle, the president of the National Medical Association, a national group that represents Black physicians in the US. He says when he was in medical school, he didn’t have a lot of Black classmates.“I went to medical school here at the Ohio State in the mid-’80s and there weren’t many faculty doctors that looked like me, and when you saw a Black doctor, it almost became a mental image. So, that was inspiration for me to say this has to change,” said Dr. McDougle.He says in 2020 when he sees patients of color, it has an impact on them and they have an impact on him and his students.“More than half the time when I see patients, I have a medical student, and not too uncommonly, that student will be African-American or LatinX. And to just hear the patients give them, cause most of my patients are African American, and to hear them help uplift them in their pursuit of becoming a physician, I hear that all the time,” he said.So, there is hope that there will be more healthcare workers of color, but there is still a long way to go. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, over the last five years, the number of Black medical students has gone up about one percent, from 6 percent to 7 percent.Many say that's not enough.And the people working for change say the opportunity to make it happen is now.“It’s hard work to move systems and move structures and I just hope we don’t miss the opportunity that is presented at this current time, in terms of the attention, focus, and movement to do something about it,”“It’s not just for me to say I did this, but it’s for me, it’s for my mom, for my grandmother, it’s for my daughter. That’s four generations of black women that I’ve seen negatively affected by racism,” said Artiga.“It’s killing Black people. It’s killing, it’s killing us,” said Dr. Johnson. 5410

WEST CHESTER TWP., Ohio — West Chester Police are investigating a racist letter one family said was mailed to them earlier in the week. The letter, laden with racial slurs and derogatory language, demands the family take down their yard signs supporting President-elect Joe Biden and the Black Lives Matter movement.Mia Harlan said when her husband Brian opened a letter from the mail late last week, his reaction told her it wasn't a typical piece of mail."The way he responded, the way he acted, told me something wasn't right," Harlan said.The Harlans have a Black Lives Matter flag and a Biden campaign sign in their yard; the letter the couple received threatens vandalism if the signs aren't taken down.It states, in part, "if you don't take that s*** down in a hurry, we'll be aiming at your house, your cars and you."Racial slurs and expletives in the letter have been censored.Harlan said she was disgusted and angry, and the couple reported the letter to West Chester Police."Stay away from my family," she said. "Stay away from my property...what else would they do? Will they actually come to our home and try to harm us? Or try to harm our children? Our grandchildren?"The Harlans said they're taking extra precautions to stay safe, but refuse to take down the signs in their yard."My message for them is, if you don't understand what you see when this sign here saying 'Black Lives Matter,' if you don't understand the message here, then this is absolutely the thing that needs to be here," Brian Harland said.Barbara Wilson, spokeswoman for West Chester Township, released the following statement on Monday:"The matter is being taken very seriously by the West Chester Police Department. The letter is very disturbing and is being actively investigated," the statement read. "There are really no further details we can offer at this time."This story was originally published by Josh Bazan on WCPO in Cincinnati. 1934

WASHINGTON, D.C.—A Russian military intelligence unit secretly offered bounties to Taliban-linked militants for killing American troops in Afghanistan, officials tell multiple news outlets.The intelligence on bounties was reported initially by The New York Times and was confirmed by The Associated Press.Intelligence officials said Islamist militants, or armed criminal elements closely associated with them, are believed to have collected some bounty money. It’s not clear which of the 20 American killings in Afghanistan from 2019 is under suspicion.The officials tell the Times and AP that Trump was briefed on the matter earlier this year and took no action. However, the president denies being briefed on the matter and says he was told Sunday night the intelligence wasn't considered credible.The Kremlin calls the report “a lie.”House Speaker Nancy Pelosi told ABC’s “This Week” that she hadn’t been informed about the reported bounties. She says, “this is as bad as it gets” and yet Trump won’t confront Russia. Pelosi say she’s asking for a report to Congress regarding the news.A senior administration official says the White House plans to brief select members of Congress on Monday.Presumptive Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden is sharply criticizing Trump over the reports that he says, if true, contain a “truly shocking revelation” about the commander in chief and his failure to protect U.S. troops and stand up to Russia. 1455

WASHINGTON (AP) — Winter hit U.S. honeybees hard with the highest loss rate yet, an annual survey of beekeepers showed.The annual nationwide survey by the Bee Informed Partnership found 37.7% of honeybee colonies died this past winter, nearly 9 percentage points higher than the average winter loss.The survey of nearly 4,700 beekeepers managing more than 300,000 colonies goes back 13 years and is conducted by bee experts at the University of Maryland, Auburn University and several other colleges.Beekeepers had been seeing fewer winter colony losses in recent years until now, said Maryland's Dennis vanEngelsdorp, president of the bee partnership and co-author of Wednesday's survey."The fact that we suddenly had the worst winter we've had ... is troubling," vanEngelsdorp said.Some bees usually die over winter, but until the past couple decades, when a combination of problems struck colonies, losses rarely exceeded 10%, he said.Bees pollinate billion worth of U.S. food crops. One-third of the human diet comes from pollinators, including native wild bees and other animals, many of which are also in trouble, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture."We should be concerned on multiple levels," said University of California, Berkeley, agricultural social scientist Jennie Durant, who has a separate study this week on loss of food supply for bees.Year-to-year bee colony losses, which include calculations for summer, were 40.7%, higher than normal, but not a record high, the survey found."The beekeepers are working harder than ever to manage colonies but we still lose 40-50% each year... unacceptable," Swiss bee expert Jeff Pettis, who wasn't part of the survey, said in an email.For more than a decade, bees have been in trouble with scientists blaming mites, diseases, pesticides and loss of food.This past winter's steep drop seems heavily connected to the mites, vanEngelsdorp said. Beekeepers report that chemicals that kill mites don't seem to be working quite as well and mite infestation is worsening, he said. Those mites feed on the bees' fats and that's where the insects store protein and center their immune response.Durant's study in this week's journal Land Use Policy found that changes in food supply in the Midwest's Prairie Pothole Region, a hot spot for honeybee colonies, has been a major factor in losses. That area has lost wetland areas with clover bees feed on.Other areas have been converted to corn and soy crops, which don't feed bees, she said.As bad as the survey numbers are, vanEngelsdorp said, "We're not really worried about honeybees going extinct... I'm more worried that the commercial beekeepers will go out of business." 2695

WASHINGTON, D.C. – Joe Biden painted a very different picture of the COVID-19 pandemic than President Donald Trump during his first briefing as the nation's president-elect on Monday. "We are still facing a very dark winter," Biden said after a briefing with his advisers in Delaware. Biden announced a new COVID-19 advisory board. The group will be co-chaired by Dr. David Kessler, a former Food and Drug Administration commissioner; Dr. Vivek Murthy, a former surgeon general of the United States; and Dr. Marcella Nunez-Smith, a public health professor at Yale University. "Please wear a mask," Biden implored those watching. WHAT WOULD CHANGE UNDER BIDEN When President-elect Biden takes office, more than just "presidential tone" will change. "They are going to allow the evidence to be back in the driver seat," said Dr. Jon Andrus, an adjunct professor of global health at The George Washington University. Some of the potential changes include: a national mask mandate, more guidance to governors and mayors, increased reliance on international health groups, and more testing and contact tracing. "Lessons learned from many countries, such as those in southeast Asia, show aggressive testing and contracting tracing works," Andrus said. Biden's statement to the media came on the same day Pfizer released promising news about a potential vaccine, saying it 90% effective in some of their trials. 1413

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