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Being home more during the pandemic, and with less traffic on the roads from stay-at-home orders, many people have heard more bird calls and the sounds of nature in urban areas. Scientists now say at least one bird species has been able to adjust their bird song because of the lack of human noise to compete with.Researchers have been studying the white-crowned sparrows in and around San Francisco for more than two decades. They compare their songs in recent years with recordings made in the 1970s.They found as traffic levels increased over the decades, the lowest frequencies of the sparrows’ song rose. This allowed their song to be heard above the low hum of vehicles. The top frequencies remained the same, so the total frequency bandwidth of their communication was narrowed.Degrading their songs this way, and limiting their range, makes them less effective at deterring rivals, attracting mates, or hearing their own chicks, according to researchers. In noisy environments, birds have to sing louder, which research has shown can result in stress and can speed up a bird’s aging and disrupt their metabolisms.When stay-at-home orders and coronavirus pandemic safety measures were put in place in March, the lead researcher, Elizabeth Derryberry, remembers seeing an image of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco completely empty of cars or humans. She wondered how the sparrows were responding.They compared audio recordings of the bird songs from spring 2015 and 2016, to those taken this spring. The recordings were made in a variety of urban and rural locations around the greater San Francisco area.“We found that birds sung at lower minimum frequencies, achieving greater bandwidth songs in newly open acoustic space. An increase in frequency bandwidth results in the transmission of more information and greater vocal performance,” the study states.The samples taken in 2020 revealed the white-crowned sparrows had changed their tune, so-to-speak, and were singing softer and using a wider range of frequencies. They also were able to communicate twice as far as previous recordings.“This doubling in communication distance could elevate fitness by reducing territorial conflicts and increasing mating potential,” researchers stated.Researchers also say this explains why more people report hearing birds during the pandemic. Since the songs are traveling farther distances, humans are able to hear more of them.They also say the changes in the birds’ songs were more pronounced in urban areas compared to the rural location samples. This would make sense, they say, because the traffic noise did not change as drastically in the rural locations during the pandemic.“Our findings indicate that songbirds like white-crowned sparrows have a striking capacity to exploit newly empty soundscapes following acute but ephemeral amelioration of noise pollution, suggesting that lasting remediation might engender even more promising outcomes, such as demographic recovery and higher species diversity in urban areas,” they concluded. 3055

BOSTON (AP) — The Boston Red Sox has rehired Alex Cora as manager.The team decided about a week after Cora finished the one-year suspension handed down by Commissioner Rob Manfred for sign-stealing while he was the bench coach in Houston in 2017.The move returns him to the Boston dugout less than a year after the ballclub let him go because of his role in the Houston Astros cheating scandal.Major League Baseball said the Astros decoded pitch signs by using their video replay system. To alert the batter, members of the Astros would relay the information with a noise, which included banging a trash can.The Red Sox dismissed Cora in January.In April, after an investigation into the Red Sox, MLB stripped the Red Sox of their second-round pick in this year's amateur draft for breaking video rules in 2018. The league suspended then-former manager Cora through the 2020 postseason, the Associated Press reported.Per the AP, MLB also suspended the Red Sox's replay system operator J.T. Watkins after they found that he used in-game video to revise sign sequences provided to players.Cora joined the Red Sox in 2018 and led them to the World Series championship. 1173

Barack Obama made a surprise appearance at Michelle Obama's book tour in Washington, comparing himself to Jay-Z at a Beyonce concert.The former president showed up with a bouquet of flowers during the promotional event for his wife's memoir, "Becoming," in the nation's capital on Saturday night."This is like - you know when Jay-Z comes out during the Beyonce concert? ... Like, Crazy in Love?" he said, referring to instances when the rapper appears at his wife's concerts during performances of her famous song. "It's the same thing. It's just a little sample to enhance the concert."When the former president appeared on stage, an audience member yelled, "we miss you!" as the crowd cheered.The event was moderated by former White House adviser Valerie Jarrett. Michelle Obama talked about their life post-White House, and how they are taking a step back to reflect on what they accomplished."We haven't had much time to reflect over these eight years because we were so busy doing and so busy trying to be perfect, and to get everything right that rarely did we have time to sit back and acknowledge what we've done," she said."And I was able to do that with my husband just the other night. And just look at him and say, 'man, man you did this. You did this. You did one of the hardest jobs on the planet.'"Before former President Obama took the stage, his wife expressed frustration at today's heightened state of political discourse and said she sometimes wishes her husband would say something."There are so many times where I just want him -- like, I know, all of you - to just curse them out. Just say these things. And he's like, 'well, that's not the point. You know, the president isn't the president for his own ego. The president is the president for the entire country. So we have to be very mindful of what we say and how we say it.'"Comparing her husband's administration to that of President Donald Trump, Michelle Obama talked about the stark differences between the two."And the question that we have to ask ourselves is which feels better? You know, what world do we want to live in? What world do we want our kids to grow up in?"The former first lady has made several references to Trump in her memoir. In the book, she said she would "never forgive" him for his role in the "birther" conspiracy theory that falsely claimed her husband was not born in the United States. Trump's central role in pushing the falsehood put her family at risk, she writes.Trump pushed back last week, saying her accusations are meant to generate headlines."She got paid a lot of money to write a book and they always expect a little controversy," Trump said. 2670

Beverage maker Coca-Cola has slowly been announcing the cancelation of brands over the last few months, this week they officially announced they are cutting the number of brands they offer in half: saying goodbye to 200 brands.Earlier this month, the company announced plans to discontinue Odwalla juices, Zico coconut water, TaB diet soda, Coca-Cola Life, Diet Coke Feisty Cherry, as well as regional brands like Northern Neck Ginger Ale and Delaware Punch.In a statement, the company said reducing their brands by 50 percent will help them focus on its most profitable offerings and new offerings like Topo Chico hard seltzer and AHA flavored sparkling water.In a comment to investors, CEO James Quincey said they had finalized the list of which brands will remain, but he would not give specifics. He did say the "hydration" category, which includes drinks like Dasani water, Powerade, Vitamin Water and Zico, will see more cuts, according to CNN. Zico was already announced as being on the chopping block. "Throughout this year's crisis, our system has remained focused on its beverages for life strategy. We are accelerating our transformation that was already underway, shaping our company to recover faster than the broader economic recovery," said James Quincey, chairman and CEO of The Coca-Cola Company.In addition to cutting brands, the company announced they are changing their company structure that will result in both voluntary and involuntary reductions in staff.Coca-Cola reported a 9 percent decline in net revenues in the third quarter of 2020. 1571

BONITA SPRINGS, Fla. -- There are invaders in Gulf waters, and researchers at Florida Gulf Coast University are working to find out more about them, so they can be stopped. Invasive exotic Lionfish are native to the Pacific Ocean. But they're now appearing more frequently in the Gulf where they have no known predators.FGCU Marine Scientist Mike Parsons said the growing lionfish population is threatening to crowd out the native species so many Southwest Floridians love to catch and eat."They're competing with other fish for places to live and food to eat," Parsons said."So they'll be bad for other fish like grouper, for example." he added.Parsons and other researchers are looking for solutions as they closely study lionfish at FGCU's Vester Marine Science Field station in Bonita Springs. Researcher Emma DeRoy said part of the problem is that lionfish can live in every part of the Gulf."They're habitat generalists," said DeRoy, whose work at Vester Field Station focuses on lionfish. "They'll thrive in sea grass, mangroves, corals - anything with structure."DeRoy said lionfish also tend to eat the small fish that eat algae off coral.  If those small fish aren't around, there's nothing protecting living coral from all that algae."Then the algae overgrows the coral and basically suffocates it," she says.  "And then you get coral dying off."She says lionfish also grow up faster than local species like grouper - giving them a head start on establishing themselves in a habitat and eating whatever they want. Lionfish mature within a year, whereas grouper take around 4-to-5 years, DeRoy said. "I think the other big factor is they re-produce so often and they produce so many eggs," Parsons said "Their population can just explode." Parsons estimated their reproductive rate to be astronomical."Somewhere on the order of 2 million eggs per female every time they spawn," says Parsons. "And they may spawn multiple times per year.""That's a lot of youngin's," he adds.Charter boat captain Billy D'Antuono said huge numbers of lionfish are being hauled in from the northern Gulf off the panhandle of Florida."They'll go and clean off a spot and get 500, and they'll go back the next week and there's 500 more," says D'Antuono."They're bringing back thousands of them in a day," he adds.Some say the biggest hope for getting the lionfish population under control is human consumption."The one good thing is they are a delicious fish," says Parsons."Lion fish are just very good to eat," says D'Antuono. "You can eat it as sushi," he added.D'Antuono is quick to point out lionfish are not poisonous - just venomous. He said that distinction matters."The venom is only in the spine, so the meat is very good," he says.  "It's one my favorite fish to eat."More Florida restaurants are now selling lionfish, and more stores (Whole Foods for example) are selling it at prices that create financial incentive for the commercial fishing industry."It's the same level as grouper prices, a pound," D'Antuono said.D'Antuono is hoping to generate more interest in hunting lionfish by posting videos of his spearfishing adventures on his website.As researchers look for ways to get the lionfish population under control, they're calling on you to do your part.When Scripps station WFTX in Fort Myers asked Parsons what people should do if they see a lionfish, he response is simple but direct. "Kill it," he says.  "And then eat it. Remove it from the environment." D'Antuono recommended killing lionfish carefully, though, because their spines are venomous.D'Antuono said he has been stung before and described the pain as memorable.  "It's like someone putting a nail in your hand and somebody slamming the nail in your hand for about two hours," he says. "It's very painful."But he said he fears the bigger pain lionfish will inflict will be on the fragile ecosystem in our Gulf. "They've invasive," he said. "Over the years, these fish could be the only thing left."D'Antuono is encouraging others to join him in spearfishing lionfish. He even organizes tournaments - telling WFTX he's hoping the next one will be this summer at Three 60 Market in Naples. 4363

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