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LOS ANGELES, April 12 (Xinhua) -- With the help of NASA Telescopes, astronomers have uncovered one of the youngest galaxies in the distant universe, with stars that formed 13.5 billion years ago, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announced on Tuesday.The finding addresses questions about when the first galaxies arose, and how the early universe evolved, JPL noted in a press release.Infrared data from both the Hubble Space Telescope and the post- coolant, or "warm," phase of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope mission revealed that the galaxy's stars are quite mature, which means they must have formed when the universe was just a toddler, said JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.This challenges theories of how soon galaxies formed in the first years of the universe and could even help solve the mystery of how the hydrogen fog that filled the early universe was cleared, according to astronomers involved in the study.This galaxy is not the most distant ever observed, but it is one of the youngest to be observed with such clarity, JPL said.Normally, galaxies like this one are extremely faint and difficult to study, but, in this case, nature has provided the astronomers with a cosmic magnifying glass, JPL said.The galaxy's image is being magnified by the gravity of a massive cluster of galaxies parked in front of it, making it appear 11 times brighter. This phenomenon is called gravitational lensing."Without this big lens in space, we could not study galaxies this faint with currently available observing facilities," said Eiichi Egami of the University of Arizona in Tucson. "Thanks to nature, we have this great opportunity to see our universe as it was eons ago."The findings may help explain how the early universe became " reionized," according to JPL."Seeing a galaxy as it appeared near the beginning of the universe is an awe-inspiring feat enabled by innovative technology and the fortuitous effect of gravitational lensing," Jon Morse, NASA's Astrophysics Division director at the agency's headquarters in Washington, said in the release."Observations like this open a window across space and time, but more importantly, they inspire future work to one day peer at the stars that lit up the universe following the big bang."

BEIJING, Jan. 21 (Xinhua) -- China's State Council, or Cabinet, Friday published the newly adopted regulations on expropriation of houses on state-owned land and compensation.The new rules, which took effect upon the issuing, took the place of the 2001 regulations on administration of the housing demolition and relocation in cities.The new rules specifically stated that neither violence or coercion may be used to force homeowners to leave. Nor could measures, such as illegally cutting water and power supplies, be used in relocation work.The new rules also banned land developers' involvement in the demolition and relocation procedures, as well as demolition by local governments without court approval.Moreover, the new regulations ensured fair prices for homeowners by providing that compensation for expropriated homes should be no lower than the sum of the market price of similar properties at the time of an expropriation.The regulations were first reviewed at a State Council executive meeting in December 2007. Later, public opinion was twice sought in 2010 after revisions had been made to the regulations.An executive meeting of the State Council Wednesday gave in-principle approval to the regulations.

BEIJING, Feb. 12 (Xinhua) -- China said late Saturday that members of the United Nations should work for a broadly-based consensus on the reform of the UN Security Council.Foreign Ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu made the remarks in response to a relevant question.Media reports had it that a recently-released declaration by some countries said most of UN member nations supported enlarging the council with new permanent and non-permanent members, and insisted tangible results be achieved in this regard during the Current Session of the UN General Assembly.Ma said China held that UN member nations should seek for a package of solutions for the reform, on the basis of broad and democratic consultation among member nations to accommodate interests and concerns of all parties.He said though some positive progress had been made since inter-government negotiations regarding the reform of the UN Security Council were launched, there were still serious differences within all parties over certain important issues about the reform.China advocated that the more differences the member countries had on the reform, the more necessary for UN member nations to enhance dialogue and consultation, he said."Experience has proven that presetting results for the reform or forcing premature reform plans will not only undermine the unity of UN member nations, but also harm the reform process, which will not be in line with any party's interests," he said.China is ready to maintain contact with all relevant parties, and make joint efforts with other member nations to push forward the reform in a way which can be conducive to safeguarding the overall interests of UN and the unity of the member nations, said Ma.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 20 (Xinhua) -- Officials from China and the United States on Thursday signed a new agreement to support panda breeding, research and conservation efforts by the two countries, an exciting news for numerous American fans of the cute animals.Zang Chunlin, Secretary General of the China Wildlife Conservation Association, and Dennis Kelly, Director of the U.S. Smithsonian's National Zoo, signed the Giant Panda Cooperative Research and Breeding Agreement.Under the agreement, a pair of giant pandas, Mei Xiang and Tian Tian, will remain at the National Zoo in Washington D.C. for five more years.Also in attendance at the signing ceremony at the National Zoo was Chen Naiqing, wife of China's Ambassador to the U.S. Zhang Yesui, U.S. Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar and Mary Kaye Huntsman, wife of U.S. Ambassador to China Jon Huntsman.On behalf of the Chinese embassy and Ambassador Zhang, Chen expressed appreciation to the National Zoo for taking care of these giant pandas and to all American people for their love for them."Although the weather is cold today, the friendship between our people keeps us warm," she said. "I am confident that through joint efforts, our cooperation will grow, our friendship will deepen, and the future will be even brighter."The first two years of the new agreement, effective immediately through Dec. 5, 2015, include a cooperative study involving reproductive experts from the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda in Wolong and the Smithsonian's Conservation Biology Institute to oversee the breeding of Mei Xiang and Tian Tian."I am proud that this agreement not only ensures that visitors to the zoo will continue to be able to visit and learn about these beautiful animals, but also provides a strong platform for improving the conservation of wild pandas and their habitat in China," said Salazar.He said those giant pandas have "long symbolized the close partnership the United States has with China as we work together to conserve and recover one of the world's most endangered species in the wild."Mei Xiang and Tian Tian have lived at the Smithsonian's National Zoo since Dec. 6, 2000. Both pandas were born in Wolong, China and had parents that were wild born. Mei Xiang, which means "beautiful fragrance," will turn 13 on July 22 and Tian Tian, meaning "more and more," will turn 14 on Aug. 27.The current pair has not produced a cub since 2005, when Tai Shan, a male, was born. Tai Shan went back to China in February, 2010.

WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have discovered two genes in which variation affects intake of caffeine, the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, according to a report described Wednesday in the open-access journal PLoS Genetics.A team of investigators from the National Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill examined genetic variation across the entire genome of more than 47,000 individuals from the U.S.They found the genes -- CYP1A2, which has previously been implicated in the metabolism of caffeine, and AHR, involved in the regulation of CYP1A2, played roles in regulating intake of caffeine. Individuals with the highest-consumption genotype for either gene consumed 40 mg more caffeine than those with the lowest-consumption genotype, equivalent to the amount of one-third cup of caffeinated coffee, or one can of cola.Caffeine is implicated in numerous physiological and medical conditions; it affects sleep patterns, energy levels, mood, and mental and physical performance. The identification of genes that have an impact on daily consumption offers opportunities to better understand these conditions. Further exploration of the identified genetic variants may provide insight into the speed of caffeine metabolism, how long caffeine circulates in the blood, or how strong the physiological effects of consuming a given amount of caffeine are.

来源：资阳报