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WASHINGTON, June 2 (Xinhua) -- When humans see red, their reactions become both faster and more forceful, according to a new study published this week in the U.S. bimonthly journal Emotion.The findings may have applications for sporting and other activities in which a brief burst of strength and speed is needed, such as weightlifting. But the authors caution that the color energy boost is likely short-lived.The study measured the reactions of students in two experiments. In the first, 30 fourth-through-10th graders pinched and held open a metal clasp. Right before doing so, they read aloud their participant number written in either red or gray crayon. In the second experiment, 46 undergraduates squeezed a handgrip with their dominant hand as hard as possible when they read the word "squeeze" on a computer monitor. The word appeared on a red, blue, or gray background.In both scenarios, red significantly increased the force exerted, with participants in the red condition squeezing with greater maximum force than those in the gray or blue conditions. In the handgrip experiment, not only the amount of force, but also the immediacy of the reaction increased when red was present.The colors in the study were precisely equated in hue, brightness, and chroma (intensity) to insure that reactions were not attributable to these other qualities of color."Red enhances our physical reactions because it is seen as a danger cue," explains coauthor Andrew Elliot, professor of psychology at the University of Rochester and a lead researcher in the field of color psychology. "Humans flush when they are angry or preparing for attack," he explains. "People are acutely aware of such reddening in others and it's implications."But threat is a double-edged sword, argue Elliot and coauthor Henk Aarts, professor of psychology at Utrecht University, in the Netherlands. Along with mobilizing extra energy, "threat also evokes worry, task distraction, and self-preoccupation, all of which have been shown to tax mental resources," they write in the paper.In earlier color research, exposure to red has proven counterproductive for skilled motor and mental tasks: athletes competing against an opponent wearing red are more likely to lose and students exposed to red before a test perform worse.

BEIJING, Aug. 26 (Xinhua) -- China's maritime authority on Friday once again urged U.S. oil giant ConocoPhillips to finish cleaning up oil spills in north China's Bohai Bay as soon as possible.Aug. 31 is the deadline set by the government. "There are only five days to go before the arrival of the deadline," said a statement of the State Oceanic Administration (SOA).The SOA urged ConocoPhillips China to adopt all technical measures that could be used to clean up oil spills, and to do it "with an active manner."Liu Cigui, head of the SOA, said Thursday that his administration is collecting evidence and gauging the ecological impact of the spills in preparation for possible legal action against the company.ConocoPhillips China, a subsidiary of ConocoPhillips, first reported the oil spills in June. The spills have spread to beaches in Hebei and Liaoning provinces and been blamed for losses in local tourism and aquatic farming industries.Although the company has worked to clean up the spills, pollutants have still been found in the bay, even after cleanup efforts were reported to be complete.ConocoPhillips China admitted that a total of 16 oil spill sources have been found in the bay as of Friday.

GUANGZHOU, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- China conducted a scientific survey of the southwest basin of the South China Sea around the end of July, the China Geological Survey (CGS) said on Tuesday.The expedition acquired a "high-quality integrative geographic profile" of the basin's 1,000-km-long survey line, which stretches from the region's Xisha Islands to the Nansha Islands, according to a press release from the CGS.The expedition allows scientists to study the evolution of tectonic activity in the South China Sea and predict disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis, the CGS said.The survey is also of significance for countries around the South China Sea, as they will be able to use the data to enhance their ability to prevent and reduce the effects of disasters, it said.The survey lasted from June 13 to July 31 and was carried out by the Chinese research vessel Tanbao in collaboration with a French research unit. Recent typhoons prevented the researchers from surveying part of the region, therefore some data is yet to be supplied later, the CGS said.

WASHINGTON, July 15 (Xinhua) -- Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine have found that grape seed polyphenols -- a natural antioxidant -- may help prevent the development or delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease.The research, led by Giulio Pasinetti, was published online Friday in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, which causes brain changes that gradually get worse.This is the first study to evaluate the ability of grape- derived polyphenols to prevent the generation of a specific form of amyloid (A) peptide, a substance in the brain long known to cause the neurotoxicity associated with Alzheimer's disease.In partnership with a team at the University of Minnesota, Pasinetti and collaborators administered grape seed polyphenolic extracts to mice genetically determined to develop memory deficits and A neurotoxins similar to those found in Alzheimer's disease. They found that the brain content of the A*56, a specific form of A previously implicated in the promotion of Alzheimer's disease memory loss, was substantially reduced after treatment.Previous studies suggest that increased consumption of grape- derived polyphenols, whose content, for example, is very high in red wine, may protect against cognitive decline in Alzheimer's. This new finding corroborates those theories."Since naturally occurring polyphenols are also generally commercially available as nutritional supplements and have negligible adverse events even after prolonged periods of treatment, this new finding holds significant promise as a preventive method or treatment, and is being tested in translational studies in Alzheimer's disease patients," said Pasinetti.In Alzheimer's disease, brain cells degenerate and die, causing a steady decline in memory and mental function.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 12 (Xinhua) -- Facebook and Time Warner announced on Tuesday that they are teaming up to launch a wide- ranging, major cross-platform partnership initiative to fight bullying.The multi-media campaign, named "Stop Bullying: Speak Up" after the original anti-bullying initiative by Time Warner's Cartoon Network, will integrate broadcast, print, online and social media to educate parents, teachers and youth about the actions that will help protect young people from the impact of bullying, the two said in a joint statement.As part of the initiative, Facebook is scheduled to launch an interactive application in the back-to-school season this fall, which will enable educators, parents, and kids to make a personal commitment to help stop bullying."We care deeply about the safety of our nation's children and are proud to be partnering with Time Warner to raise awareness of bullying," Sheryl Sandberg, Facebook's chief operating officer, said in the statement."We believe that by working together with parents and teachers, we can teach young people to speak up and stop bullying," she added.Time Warner is also planning to expand its multiplatform efforts to communicate the anti-bullying message to an broader audience.It said in October, three of its magazines -- People, Sports Illustrated and Time -- and their affiliated websites will feature editorial content that highlights the problem of bullying and innovative programs and measures being taken to combat it.In partnership with Facebook, CNN's Anderson Cooper will also host a new town hall, which is scheduled to air in October and will be dedicated to discussing bullying issues confronting kids today as well as discussions with experts to teach adults on coping with the bullying epidemic."I'm confident that through our multiplatform approach and combined resources we can inspire even more people to take action against bullying," said Jeff Bewkes, Time Warner's chairman and chief executive officer.

来源：资阳报