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WASHINGTON, Nov. 14 (Xinhua) -- Nearly a fifth of all Americans 12 years or older have hearing loss so severe that it may make communication difficult, according to a new study led by Johns Hopkins University researchers and published Monday in the Archives of Internal Medicine.The findings, thought to be the first nationally representative estimate of hearing loss, suggest that many more people than previously thought are affected by this condition.Study leader Frank Lin, an assistant professor, and his colleagues used data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES), a research program that has periodically gathered health data from thousands of Americans since 1971. The researchers analyzed data from all participants age 12 and over whose hearing was tested during NHANES examinations from 2001 to 2008. Unlike previous estimates, NHANES includes men and women of all races and ages, from cities scattered across the country, so it's thought to statistically mimic the population of the Untied States.Using the World Health Organization's definition for hearing loss (not being able to hear sounds of 25 decibels or less in the speech frequencies), the researchers found that overall, about 30 million Americans, or 12.7 percent of the population, had hearing loss in both ears. That number jumps to about 48 million, or 20.3 percent, for people who have hearing loss in at least one ear. These numbers far surpass previous estimates of 21 to 29 million.Hearing loss prevalence nearly doubled with every age decade, with women and blacks being significantly less likely to have hearing loss at any age. Lin and his colleagues aren't sure why these groups appear to be protected. However, he notes that the female hormone estrogen, as well as the melanin pigment in darker skin, could have a protective effect on the inner ear.

BEIJING, Oct. 24 (Xinhuanet) -- The average global land temperature has increased by around one degree Cetigrade since the mid-1950s, American scientists announced last week after reviewing historical temperature records to date.According to media reports, the scientists of the Berkeley Earth project have studied more than a billion temperature records dating back to the 1800s from 15 sources around the world.And the result is in line with the estimate made by major institutions which keep official records on the global climate, including the Nasa's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in the US and the Met Office's Hadley Centre in Britain.Meanwhile, the scientists established an open database for the climate records so that skeptics on climate change can assess climage change on their own.Nevertheless, the finding of the scientists at the University of California, Berkeley did not convince climate change skeptics, according to a New York Times report.Anthony Watts, one prominent US skeptics, claimed the study's "methodology was flawed". He also noted that the finding was submitted to journal Geophysical Research Letters before being peer-reviewed.Richard Muller, a physicist and head of the project, argued that the decision to circulate the papers before publication was part a long-standing academic tradition of sanity-checking results with colleagues.He added, cited by the Guardian, "We will get much more feedback from making these papers public before publication."

BEIJING, Oct. 18 (Xinhuanet) -- NASA recently unveiled its new rocket design, named Space Launch System (SLS), according to media reports.The rocket will make its first unmanned flight in 2017, and the flight with astronauts aboard won't happen until 2021, according to NASA's plan.The new rocket was 320 feet in length (the space shuttle was 184 feet on the launch pad), 5.5 million pounds in weight, and with the capacity of holding four astronauts at the top speed of 25,000 miles per hour, Washington Post reported Tuesday.Compared with space shuttle and other predecessors, the new rocket will aim for much farther destinations into the space with its most powerful engine ever built, according to the plan."We're investing in technologies to live and work in space, and it sets the stage for visiting asteroids and Mars," the NASA administrator Charles Bolden briefed the media at a news conference in Washington.NASA expected to devote 3 billion U.S. dollars a year to the effort, or a total of about 18 billion U.S. dollars over the next six years, said William Gerstenmaier, the agency’s associate administrator for human exploration.The current financial condition of U.S. may slow down the pace of progress, which will be much slower than NASA's Apollo heyday in the 1960s.

WELLINGTON, Oct. 26 (Xinhua) -- New Zealand's geothermal scientists will be collaborating with the world's leading geothermal researchers after the country joins an elite international group next month.New Zealand would be admitted to the International Partnership for Geothermal Technology (IPGT) in Melbourne, Australia, on Nov. 16, Science and Innovation Minister Wayne Mapp announced Wednesday."Geothermal energy is one of our most important renewable energy resources with huge potential for growth," said Mapp."This recognition of our geothermal research programs will allow our scientists to collaborate with an elite group of researchers in the United States, Australia, Switzerland and Iceland."Scientists from New Zealand research organizations were committed to finding new ways to harness the country's extensive geothermal fields, said Mapp."Innovation and clean energy is a big part of enabling New Zealand to grow the economy," said Mapp."This new international partnership will help keep us at the forefront of technology developments such as enhanced geothermal systems."Established in 2008, the IPGT seeks to develop advanced, cost- effective geothermal energy technologies through international research co-operation.New Zealand's geothermal electricity generation rose by 21 percent last year and accounted for 13 percent of total electricity generation, its highest recorded level.The government is aiming to expand geothermal energy with three large geothermal projects in the pipeline by 2020.The country's biggest geothermal project is to be Contact Energy's 250-megawatt Tauhara II geothermal project.The project, being developed northeast of the central North Island town of Taupo, is expected to produce enough electricity to meet the needs of around 270,000 homes when it becomes fully operational in 2015.

YAGNON, Oct. 23 (Xinhua) -- Myanmar has launched anti-dengue high fever campaign in seven townships in Yangon simultaneously as a prevention measure against the disease, according to the Health Department Sunday.The campaign was carried out in the weekend in collaboration with health department staff and members of social organizations.Dengue preventive and control measures were occasionally launched in schools and wards in Myanmar with the aid of World Health Organization, U.N. Children Fund, three Disease Fund, Global Fund and Japan International Cooperation Agency.According to statistics, a total of 181 people died of dengue fever in Myanmar's Yangon region in the past five years alone, out of 19,000 such cases occurring in the region during the half decade.According to earlier report, the number of people infected with dengue fever in the whole country in 2009 amounted to 3,129 with 37 deaths registered.However, according to the Yangon City Development Committee, the city saw less dengue fever occurrence in 2010 with death rate reducing to one percent in the year from over six percent in 1970.Meanwhile, the Myanmar health authorities are stepping up preventive measures against dengue fever in this sensitive rainy season by extending injection to people.The authorities are also introducing medicine with better effect, combating larva, giving education talks on the prevention and control especially in markets.Dengue fever mostly infected under-15 children, especially those between three and nine years old, but now such disease had also been found among some adult people, the authorities said, warning that dengue fever occurs regardless of age and season.Myanmar, along with Indonesia and Thailand, suffers dengue outbreak most in Southeast Asia region that makes up 52 percent of the dengue-prone areas in the world.

来源：资阳报