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Air pollution could be more damaging to our health than previously thought, according to a new study, which found that prolonged exposure to dirty air has a significant impact on our cognitive abilities, especially in older men.According to the study published Tuesday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, breathing polluted air causes a "steep reduction" in scores on verbal and math tests.Researchers at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) examined data from the national China Family Panel Studies longitudinal survey, mapping the cognitive test scores of nearly 32,000 people over the age of 10 between 2010 and 2014 against their exposure to short- and long-term air pollution. 730

According to a new study from Common Sense Media and Boston Consulting Group, 30% of students in the U.S. either don't have internet access or access to a device adequate for distance learning. There are 9 million students across the country that don't have either.As another school year affected by COVID-19 inches closer, there are movements not only to prep kids but also to close the digital divide."It's an absolute national tragedy that we can fix," said James Steyer, the founder and CEO of Common Sense Media. "First of all, there needs to be money immediately appropriated in the next stimulus bill that would cover the cost of devices and connectivity for every student and every family in the United States. That's imminently doable and critical to our educational needs."Steyer says it's "shocking" that so many students lack the resources to e-learn — but the students aren't alone. The study also found that teachers are underpaid and working in under-resourced areas."Between 300,000 and 400,000 teachers in this country — essentially 10% of the teaching force — also have the digital divide and don't have the device and connectivity they need to teach in a distance learning environment," Steyer said. "We have a huge challenge, and we need to meet it now."Steyer is leading the charge for change. In a letter to Congress, he and more than a dozen well-known organizations called on lawmakers to "connect all students."One of the organizations in that group was Khan Academy — a non-profit funded by philanthropic donations. The online educational site offers free learning for anyone, anywhere — no strings attached."We've been talking about it well before COVID-19 — that learning should not be bound by time or space," founder Sal Khan said. "Wherever a student is, they should have support to fill in the gaps — to be able to practice things, to get immediate feedback on things, to get lessons on things — wherever they are."There's always a "summer slide" for students — a time when students regress as they fall out of pattern and often spend a portion of the new school year reviewing content. But the slide is deeper this year, thanks to the pandemic."Some of the research partners we work with think there may be a year of loss learning," Khan said. "Not only are kids not learning for those few months, but they're also atrophying — forgetting. And they're going to be out of school for so long; they'll have lost the habits of school."Khan said entire school districts and states aren't doing the educational prep they should be doing. Districts everywhere are scrambling to figure out what school will look like this fall and what their curriculum should entail."If we don't do a full-court press here, some very bad things could happen," Khan said.Right now, Khan Academy is working with school districts to prepare. They estimate a huge increase in users this fall."It's great, we're reaching 30 to 40 million. But, how do we reach them deeply, and how do we move the dial for them?" Khan said. "There's a billion kids we need to reach and reach deeply."Steyer says the way to reach those kids is through Congressional funding."We have been in touch with leaders on both sides of the aisle in House and Senate," Steyer said. "We almost had funding for the digital divide in the first major stimulus package, but it got taken out at the last minute. But we are optimistic that people will do the right thing once and for all and put the resources into the next stimulus package that will make it possible for all kids to do quality distance learning in this country."Steyer says the time is now for supporters to join their charge, or call local leaders so that they can, in some way, affect the learning loss and close the digital divide. 3778

According to President Donald Trump, the tragic Texas church shooting that left 26 people dead was "a mental health problem at the highest level."If you ask mental health researchers, such mass shootings are much more complicated than that.On Sunday, 26-year-old Devin Kelley sprayed bullets across the sanctuary of First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, Texas, about 30 miles east of San Antonio. The youngest killed at the church was 17 months old; the oldest was 77 years old."We have a lot of mental health problems in our country, as do other countries, but this isn't a guns situation," Trump said during a joint news conference Monday in Tokyo."This is a mental health problem at the highest level," he said. "It's a very, very sad event."Trump's response to the Texas church shooting echoed previous comments he has made on gun violence. In 2015, Trump said he was opposed to tightening gun laws in the United States but was in favor of addressing mental health to prevent shootings.Yet various epidemiological studies over the past two decades show that the vast majority of people with severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or severe depression, are no more likely to be violent than anyone else.Rather, people with severe mental illnesses are more than 10 times more likely to be victims of violent crime than the general population. And, only about 3% to 5% of violent acts can be attributed to individuals living with a serious mental illness, according to the US Department of Health and Human Services.But those statistics have "almost nothing to do with mass casualty shootings," said Jeffrey Swanson, a professor in psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Duke University who specializes in gun violence and mental illness.So exactly how are mental health and gun violence intertwined, and what is needed to end the violence?Gun violence and mental illness are public health problems "that intersect at the edges" but have very little overlap, Swanson told CNN last year.There's no doubt that America's systems of care for mental health are overburdened, expensive and inaccessible for many who need them, he said. But when it comes to gun violence among this community, suicide tends to occur at higher rates than homicides, he said."If we back up and think about firearm-related injuries and mortality as a public health problem, it turns out there is a mental health-related story, and it's suicide," he said. "If we had better mental health care and could get people better access and break down barriers to care, then yes, we might reduce gun violence by a lot but it would be from reducing suicides."Otherwise, mental illness is just one "highly unspecific" factor that may contribute to gun violence, along with being young, white and male, or a history of violence, Swanson said.Instead of policies that restrict gun access based solely on mental illness diagnoses or because a person has made contact with the judicial system or health care agencies due to mental illness, the American Psychological Association, the National Alliance on Mental Illness and other advocacy groups have called for gun access criteria based on more subtle indicators of potentially dangerous behavior.Those indicators -- such as having past or pending violent misdemeanor convictions or charges, domestic violence restraining orders or multiple DUI convictions -- have been largely informed by the work of Swanson and others.Swanson supports intervention at the point of purchase through comprehensive background checks -- but to make background checks work, criteria for inclusion on the database should be based on other indicators of risk besides mental health history, such as those indicators of aggressive, impulsive or risky behavior."A history of violent behavior is a far better predictor of future violence than mental illness," he said.Calling gun violence a mental health issue is to scapegoat and stigmatize people with mental illness, he said."It's kind of a canard, a convenient explanation that exploits the tremendous fear people have with these horrifying mass shootings," he said. "If people fear those with mental illness they're going to treat them with scorn and support public policies that restrict their liberties."After all, mental illness affects millions of adults across the country.In 2015, there were an estimated 43.4 million adults in the United States with some form of mental illness within the past year, which represented 17.9% of adults nationwide, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.The American Psychological Association recommends prohibiting firearms for high-risk groups, such as domestic violence offenders or persons convicted of violent misdemeanor crimes."Reducing the incidence of gun violence will require interventions through multiple systems, including legal, public health, public safety, community, and health. Increasing the availability of data and funding will help inform and evaluate policies designed to reduce gun violence," according to the association's website.Swanson and his colleagues examined the proportion of people in the United States with impulsive angry behavior who own or carry guns and have a diagnosable mental illness in a paper published in the journal Behavioral Sciences & the Law in 2015.They conducted household surveys with 9,282 people from February 2001 to April 2003, excluding people who carried guns for work, resulting in a response rate of 70.9%.An analysis of the survey results estimated that nearly one in 10 adults has access to firearms and has a problem with anger and impulsive aggressive behavior.These people were more likely to be male, younger and married and to live in outlying areas around metropolitan centers rather than in central cities, Swanson and his colleagues wrote in their paper.They were significantly more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for a wide range of mental disorders, including depression, bipolar and anxiety disorders, PTSD, intermittent explosive disorder, pathological gambling, eating disorder, alcohol and illicit drug use disorders, and a range of personality disorders.What's more, despite evidence of "considerable psychopathology" in many of these respondents, only a very small proportion, 8% to 10%, were ever hospitalized for a mental health problem."Because only a small proportion of persons with this risky combination have ever been involuntarily hospitalized for a mental health problem, most will not be subject to existing mental health-related legal restrictions on firearms resulting from a history of involuntary commitment," Swanson and his colleagues wrote in the paper's abstract.As for Texas gunman Kelley, the state denied him a license to carry a gun, Gov. Greg Abbott said, citing the director of Texas' Department of Public Safety."So how was it that he was able to get a gun? By all the facts that we seem to know, he was not supposed to have access to a gun," Abbott told CNN's Chris Cuomo. "So how did this happen?"On Monday, Trump said his "thoughts and prayers" were with the victims and their families but did not suggest plans to take any legislative or other policy action to address the shooting. 7228

A Wisconsin bank is paying customers a bonus for turning over change as there a national coin shortage.The Community State Bank is paying out for every 0 in coins turned over to the bank. The coin buyback program is open to those who do not have an account with the bank.“We are certainly encountering crazy times,” said Assistant Vice President, Retail Operations Director, Katie Stolp. “Our goal from this program is to provide local business owners with the funds and tools they need to run their business. Many other financial institutions charge up to 10% of the value for coin counting. We’re not only waiving that charge, but paying community members to bring us their coin.”According to the Federal Reserve, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the supply of coins. The pandemic, it says, has caused circulation of coins to drop.The Federal Reserve said it has implemented a temporary cap on the orders banks place for coins with the Federal Reserve to ensure that the current supply is fairly distributed.The coin shortage has prompted major retailers to no longer be able to return exact change to customers amid the shortage. 1149

Adam Coy has officially been fired by Columbus Police, a week after an incident where he shot 47-year-old Andre Hill multiple times.One day after last week’s incident, Columbus Mayor Andrew Ginther directed police to strip Coy of his duties, but Coy would remain on payroll and would be afforded a hearing due to the city's contract with the police union. On Monday, his firing was formalized.Coy did not attend the hearing on Monday, opting to have members of the local police union argue his case.Meanwhile, the Franklin County, Ohio, Coroner’s Office said on Monday that Hill died from “multiple” gunshot wounds.The state's attorney general is now investigating for possible criminal charges. "(Ohio's Bureau of Criminal Investigations) will conduct a complete, independent and expert investigation – a search for the truth. We conduct more officer involved shooting investigations than any agency in the State of Ohio, and will pursue every lead without favoritism or regard to politics," Ohio AG Dave Yost said.Hill was holding a cellphone at the time of his death, based on a review of one of the responding officer's body-worn camera footage. Hill walked toward the officer with a cell phone in his left hand while his right hand was not visible.Attorney Ben Crump and the Hill family issued a joint statement reacting to Monday's announcement. "The Columbus Department of Public Safety made the correct decision to terminate Officer Adam Coy today. We look forward to reviewing all the bodycam footage and determining everything that happened leading to Andre Hill’s death. We need to redefine a relationship between police and communities of color in which it doesn’t turn deadly for a Black person with a cell phone to encounter a law enforcement officer," the statement read.Officers were called to the area for a report of a man sitting in an SUV, continually turning on and off the vehicle, police said.According to the Columbus Dispatch, Coy was involved in an excessive force complaint that resulted in the City of Columbus paying a ,000 payout. Coy was suspended for 160 hours for the 2012 incident, but kept his job.The shooting was the second time a citizen was killed by law enforcement within the city. Earlier this month, Casey Goodson Jr. was shot and killed by Franklin County Sheriff Deputy Jason Meade. Authorities said that investigators recovered a weapon on the scene, but a family attorney told CNN that Goodson was holding a sandwich at the time of the shooting. No charges have been filed in that case, and investigation is still ongoing.During the shooting death of Goodson, deputies were not wearing body-worn cameras. When Coy shot Hill, Ginther said Coy did not turn on his camera until after the shooting. Ginther said that the body-worn cameras worn by Columbus Police have a 60-second “lookback” feature that captured video of the shooting. The lookback feature does not capture the audio."The Division invested millions of dollars in these cameras for the express purpose of creating a video and audio record of these kinds of encounters. They provide transparency and accountability, and protect the public, as well as officers, when the facts are in question," Police Chief Thomas Quinlan said.On Monday, Ginther suggested other officers could face disciplinary action for not having their body camera turned on at the time of shooting, and for not providing aid to Hill. 3423