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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Independent reviews by the FDA show the COVID-19 vaccines by Pfizer and Moderna have similar levels of safety and efficacy, although there are early indications of potential differences.Both vaccines rely on the same basic approach: jumpstarting the immune system with messenger RNA. The FDA confirmed their overall efficacy is essentially identical; 95 percent for Pfizer and 94.1 percent for Moderna.However, signals in the data suggest Moderna’s vaccine may better protect against severe cases of COVID-19, while Pfizer’s vaccine may work better in adults over 65. But experts warned those differences may just be statistical illusions.In Moderna’s study of 30,000 volunteers, 30 people got severe cases of COVID-19. All 30 of those cases were in the placebo group, suggesting the vaccine offers powerful protection against the most serious symptoms.In Pfizer’s trial of 44,000 volunteers, one vaccinated person got a severe case compared to 10 people in the placebo group.“We still need more data,” said Dr. Abisola Olulade of Sharp Rees-Stealy. “It's not a reason to recommend one versus the other.”In adults over 65, the efficacy of Moderna’s vaccine dipped slightly to 86.4 percent. Pfizer’s vaccine was 92.9 percent effective in people aged 65 to 74 and 100 percent effective in individuals 75 and up.“When I think people in the community look at that number, they might say, ‘Oh, that Moderna vaccine probably isn't as good for the older population compared to the Pfizer vaccine.’ But as a clinician looking at numbers, they're both amazing,” said UC San Francisco infectious disease expert Dr. Peter Chin-Hong.FDA scientists found both vaccines are safe but short-term side effects are common, especially with Moderna’s drug. Both vaccines are administered in two doses. The table below lists the percentage of vaccinated volunteers who reported a side effect after either dose, although side effects were most common after the second injection.Side effect Moderna PfizerFatigue 68.5% 62.9%Headache 63.0% 55.1%Muscle pain59.6%38.3%Joint pain44.8%23.6%Chills43.4%31.9%Fever14.8%14.2%Typically the symptoms went away in one day.“Just because a vaccine has side effects doesn’t mean it’s not safe,” said Dr. Olulade. “We know that side effects happen actually because your immune system is working and waking up. It's actually a positive thing.”The slight difference in side effects could be because of differences in the way researchers polled volunteers, or it could be something with the architecture of the vaccines, experts said.The companies use different tiny bubbles of fat to enclose the messenger RNA. Moderna’s bubble is a little stronger and more stable so it doesn’t need to be stored at sub-arctic temperatures.“It could be that [Moderna’s] elicits a little more inflammation than the other,” Dr. Chin-Hong said.Having slightly more side effects could be a sign that Moderna’s vaccine prompts a stronger immune response that might lead to longer-lasting immunity, but the durability of either vaccine remains one of the most pressing unanswered questions.The biggest difference may be where the vaccines are deployed. Since Pfizer's vaccine needs to be stored at such cold temperatures, experts said Moderna's vaccine may be prioritized for rural hospitals and community health centers that lack ultra-cold storage units. 3370

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Local law enforcement made the holidays a little brighter for hundreds of deserving kids. The 26th annual "Shop with a Cop" event brought 300 kids out to go on a shopping spree with local officers, from San Diego Police to California Highway Patrol to San Diego County Sheriff's deputies.The shopping spree was just the tip of the iceberg for kids Saturday morning. Their day started at SeaWorld San Diego, where they had breakfast with officers and enjoyed a Christmas-themed dolphin show. RELATED:East County family's Santa treehouse helps families in needMAP: San Diego's best holiday light displays to see this yearMore than 300 officers then escorted the kids to the Sports Arena Target location via police motorcade, where the holiday fun began.Each child was given 0 for their own shopping spree, which they spent of everything from board games to action figures to even gifts back to officers.The goal is to not only provide kids with a happier holiday season, but to encourage positive interaction with law enforcement. 1059

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Jurors were again deadlocked in the retrial of the man accused of shooting two people outside of a Metallica concert in downtown San Diego in 2017.In July, 37-year-old Ray Pitoau had his first trial and was found guilty of three firearm charges, including felon in possession of a gun. But jurors were deadlocked when it came to charging him with three counts of assault with a deadly weapon.On Friday a jury, again, could not reach a verdict on the assault charges against Pitoau.RELATED: 526

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - It’s a win-win situation: a sale on airfares out of San Diego, with an ultimate destination of Hawaii. Southwest Airlines opened its flight schedule Wednesday for once-daily service out of San Diego. The flights travel to Kahului, Maui, starting Apr. 14, 2020. Flights to Honolulu begin Apr. 20, 2020, Southwest reports. Fares as low as 9 each way will be available on both routes for travel between Apr. 14 and June 4, 2020, according to the airline. The tickets must be purchased Oct. 30. "We're grateful for the steadfast loyalty of our San Diego Customers and we're adding a Southwest heading to their compass of nonstop options," said Andrew Watterson, Executive Vice President & Chief Revenue Officer for Southwest Airlines. Southwest will also offer six flights of inter-island service between the two Hawaiian airports. 861

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In some of the most severe cases of COVID-19, doctors are finding it’s not the coronavirus making people critically ill.It’s their own immune system, and a San Diego-based biotech company thinks it has an answer.La Jolla-based INmune Bio announced Tuesday it has FDA approval to begin a Phase 2 clinical trial on its inflammation fighting drug, Quellor.In many of the sickest COVID patients, doctors have noticed their blood is filled with high levels of immune proteins called cytokines. Cytokines act as messengers between cells and the virus can cause them to go haywire, setting off what’s known as a cytokine storm.In a cytokine storm, the body’s immune system starts to attack its own cells and tissues rather than the virus. During the Spanish Flu of 1918, many of the deaths were caused by cytokine storms.“You need to control the cytokine storm to keep patients from getting sick,” said INmune Bio’s CEO Dr. R.J. Tesi.There are several different types of cytokines. A drug undergoing testing in a federal trial with remdesivir targets a cytokine called beta interferon.The San Diego biotech’s drug Quellor suppresses a very specific cytokine called soluble tumor necrosis factor, which Dr. Tesi calls “the master cytokine” because of its role in triggering other immune proteins.Dr. Tesi said this particular cytokine may contribute to another troubling issue with COVID-19: blood clotting.“When they write the history of COVID-19, the clots are going to be the bad guy,” Dr. Tesi said. “These blood clots go off everywhere and they gum up the works. They make it so the lungs can't work. They make it so the kidneys can't work. They make it so the heart is screwed up. Make it so you have strokes.”INmune Bio, which is publicly traded but has just six full-time employees, is hoping its drug can address both the blood clots and the inflammation.The company plans to enroll 366 hospitalized COVID-19 patients for a Phase 2 trial to see if intervention with Quellor can keep people off ventilators and out of the ICU. 2053