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BEIJING - Zhang Bing grew up in remote Inner Mongolia, where his family herded sheep and raised chickens. Today he's a manager in a glittering karaoke club 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) away in a booming eastern Chinese city. Zhang, 26, is part of a huge wave of rural workers streaming into China's cities in search of work and opportunity. A UN report released Wednesday said more than half of China's population - now 1.3 billion people - will be living in urban areas within 10 years. Government officials say an estimated 150 million people moved to China's cities between 1999 and 2005, providing labor to fuel the country's breakneck economic growth. "From 1980 to 2030, the population of China will go from being 20 percent urban to almost two-thirds urban. We're in the middle of that transformation. Within the next 10 years we'll cross that halfway mark," said William Ryan, the United Nations Population Fund's information adviser for Asia and the Pacific region. The agency's State of World Population 2007 report says more than half the world's population will live in cities and towns in 2008, with the number expected to grow to 60 percent, or 5 billion people, by 2030. Asia is at the forefront of this demographic shift, expected to nearly double its urban population between 2000 and 2030, from 1.4 billion to 2.6 billion. Zhang moved to Tianjin after high school and earns about US0 (euro370) a month at the Oriental Pearl karaoke club. He saves two-thirds, and is thinking of opening a store to sell knockoff purses. He said he expects to have a wife, house and car - "an Audi, definitely" - within 10 years. Like 80 percent of migrant workers in China, Zhang is under 35 and works in the service industry, which along with construction and manufacturing employs most migrant workers. But his story, told in the UNFPA's youth supplement, is atypical. Although most workers have only a middle school education, Zhang finished high school and attended business school in Tianjin. His salary is much higher than the average worker's 500 to 800 yuan (US to 5; euro48 to euro78) a month, according to Duan Chengrong, a demographics professor at Renmin University. In comparison, a typical Beijing urbanite makes about 2,000 yuan (US0; euro193) a month. Migrant workers generally cram themselves into rented housing on the outskirts of town, with an average of five square meters (50 square feet) of living space per person and no heat, running water or sanitation facilities, Duan said. At many construction sites, the workers lodge in ramshackle dormitories, or even in tents pitched on a nearby sidewalk. China's government has taken measures to "avoid the emergence of urban slums and the transformation of rural poor to urban poor," said Hou Yan, deputy director of the social development department in China's Development and Reform Commission. She mentioned programs such as establishing a minimum living standard, providing medical and educational assistance, and supplying affordable housing and basic public services. Hou did not give details of the programs. China's urbanization is unique in that it stems largely from migration instead of natural population growth. The Communist government that took control in 1949 imposed residency rules as part of strict controls on where people could live, work or even whom they could marry. It was not until recent years that rising wealth and greater personal freedoms eroded the system, allowing farmers to move to cities. The UNFPA estimates that, in less than a decade, China will have 83 cities of more than 750,000 people. Zhang, who spoke at the news conference where the UNFPA report was released, believes cities are the future of China. Before taking the job at the karaoke club, he made money teaching Chinese to foreign students, selling phone cards and running a copy shop. "In order to get employed, what is most important is to be diligent," he said. "Only when you work hard can you get good results."

BEIJING - China purchased at least 400 billion yuan (.6 billion) of goods and services in 2007, a new high compared to the 368.1 billion yuan recorded a year earlier, preliminary figures from the Ministry of Finance (MOF) revealed.Assistant Financial Minister Zhang Tong described the expansion as "outstanding" given the procurement stood at only 100 billion yuan in 2002, the first year the mechanism was introduced.The past five years have also witnessed an increasingly diversified government consumption that expanded from solely commodities in the beginning to services and engineering, he said. With 13,000 people engaged in purchasing nationwide, China has twice revised its procurement list to include 18 categories encompassing nearly 4,770 items.Energy-saving products accounted for a large percentage of the newly-added items. To lead by example, the government has pledged to reduce energy consumption for every 10,000 yuan of gross domestic product by 20 percent and pollutant emissions by 10 percent for the 2006-2010 period.This year, student textbooks for primary and junior high schools, medicine, farm machinery and other items to distribute to the needy free of charge or at inexpensive prices will be added to the list, Financial Minister Xie Xuren told a recent work meeting for 2008.Under a MOF directive promulgated last month, government procurement will favor independent innovation products starting this year, a practice, experts said, the United States adopted in the late 1950s to foster domestic high-tech industries, including aeronautic and astronautic technology, computing, semiconductors and integrated circuits.Qinghua University law professor Yu An said the move would provide good incentives for domestic firms to speed up technical innovation.MOF statistics revealed the procurement had spared an aggregate expenditure of at least 180 billion yuan between 2002 and 2007.The benefits, however, didn't drown out grumbles from the Heilongjiang provincial chapter of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, one of the country's eight political parties, beside the ruling Communist Party of China (CPC).At a meeting last month, the chapter held transparency in government procurement should be enhanced as some products were found to be overpriced, of unsatisfactory quality or without effective after-sales service.Tendering companies must be subject to real-time supervision to avoid bribery and kickbacks. Perpetrating firms must be blacklisted and banned from the procurement, while governmental departments must submit their accounting ledgers for regular auditing scrutiny, they said.

CHONGQING -- A bus fire that killed 27 people in southwest China's Chongqing Municipality on Tuesday had been an arson attack, local police said on Wednesday.Xiao Yonghua, a former employee of the company that operates the ill-fated Yutong bus, hid gasoline in his baggage before he got on the bus that left Wansheng district for downtown Chongqing at around 5:00 pm on Tuesday, said Wang Yunsheng, deputy head of the municipal public security bureau.In less than 20 minutes, the bus carrying 38 people caught fire. The driver pulled over, and the panic-stricken passengers tried to flee. But the flames started in the front of the bus and blocked the exit.Twenty-seven were killed in the accident, including 17 men and 10 women, and the remaining 11 people were injured.One passenger, Zhang Dazhong, said he had to jump out of the window to survive but was injured on the head.Xiao, 50, was sitting with his wife, 38-year-old Zhang Xiaoya, in the first row on the left side of the bus, right behind the driver, said Wang.Both died in the fire.Lab work has confirmed the presence of gasoline traces on their seats.Until September 20, Xiao was deputy manager of the Wansheng branch of the Guanzhong Public Transport Company that owned the bus.He was suspended from his post because of family disputes, and was unhappy with the punishment, the company said.The Ministry of Public Security sent experts to join the investigation in Chongqing.Hospital sources said the 11 injured are out of danger.By 5:00 pm Wednesday, 26 of the dead have been identified by their families.

Beijing is planting trees and plants along riverbanks instead of covering them with concrete to fix its river system. It has taken almost 10 years for the capital to accept and use this idea. The ecosystems in the streams are gradually coming back to life because of the cleaner water, providing a good habitat for animals and plants, and ideal leisure sites for local residents.  Zhuanhe which connects with Kun Ming Lake in the Summer Palace is one of successful example of the river ecological treatment in Beijing. "In Beijing, there are 52 rivers with a total length of 520 kilometers inside the sixth ring road. Yongding and Jingmi rivers are the city's two main water sources, and Qinghe, Bahe, Tonghui and Liangshui are key drainage waterways," said Yu Kongjian, dean of the Sight Engineer Institute with Peking University. Originally, Beijing only wanted to control the floods by letting water flow out as soon as possible. Therefore, riverbanks were cemented down in order to prevent water leakage and the growth of plants, which could slow the water speed down. However, the shortage of rainfall in Beijing since 1999 showed that this method was not correct. On the one hand, streams had less fresh water to clean themselves. On the other, more polluted water was dumped into the rivers as more people moved into the capital. And in the summer of 2001, something bad happened. "The rivers in Beijing turned blue overnight and gave off a smelly odor," said Liu Peibin, vice engineer of Beijing Water Authority. There was an algae bloom due to so much pollution in the water. Algae covered the water surface and consumed most of the oxygen, and many creatures in the water died as a result. These "concrete pools" became the haven for swarms of mosquitoes which forced tens of thousands of residents nearby to close their windows and doors tightly especially in summer days. The water authorities had to act quickly for public safety. The first step was to demolish the concrete covering the riverbanks. The soil was exposed to water again, and the water could circulate down to the riverbank. Secondly, in order to stimulate oxygen in the streams, engineers put big stones in the water to create mini waterfalls. And they grew trees like willows and plants such as bulrush along the riverbanks. "Bulrush can purify polluted water through absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus in the water and exhaling oxygen," Deng added. "Gradually Zhuanhe came back to life and got rid of the polluted and smelly water. This would be impossible today if the brook was still covered in concrete." "What we did with Zhuanhe is a milestone in the progress of river treatment with new ecological ideas," said Deng Zhuozhi, vice engineer of Beijing Water Project Institute. He took charge of the Zhuanhe project. "How to fix up rivers depends on our attitude towards floods. We should learn to make friends with floods in a country where two-thirds of China's cities are short of water. Therefore we should reserve water as much as possible instead of discharging it ineffectively," said Yu.

来源：资阳报