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With a coronavirus vaccine still months off, companies are rushing to test what may be the next best thing: drugs that deliver antibodies to fight the virus right away, without having to train the immune system to make them.Antibodies are proteins the body makes when an infection occurs; they attach to a virus and help it be eliminated. Vaccines work by tricking the body into thinking there’s an infection so it makes antibodies and remembers how to do that if the real bug turns up.But it can take a month or two after vaccination or infection for the most effective antibodies to form. The experimental drugs shortcut that process by giving concentrated versions of specific ones that worked best against the coronavirus in lab and animal tests.“A vaccine takes time to work, to force the development of antibodies. But when you give an antibody, you get immediate protection,” said University of North Carolina virologist Dr. Myron Cohen. “If we can generate them in large concentrations, in big vats in an antibody factory ... we can kind of bypass the immune system.”These drugs are believed to last for a month or more and could give quick, temporary immunity to people at high risk of infection, such as health workers and housemates of someone with COVID-19. If they proved effective and if a vaccine doesn’t materialize or protect as hoped, the drugs might eventually be considered for wider use, perhaps for teachers or other groups.They’re also being tested as treatments, to help the immune system and prevent severe symptoms or death.“The hope there is to target people who are in the first week of their illness and that we can treat them with the antibody and prevent them from getting sick,” said Dr. Marshall Lyon, an infectious disease specialist helping to test one such drug at Emory University in Atlanta.Having such a tool “would be a really momentous thing in our fight against COVID,” Cohen said.Vaccines are seen as a key to controlling the virus, which has been confirmed to have infected more than 20 million people worldwide and killed more than 738,000. Several companies are racing to develop vaccines, but the results of the large final tests needed to evaluate them are months away.The antibody drugs are “very promising” and, in contrast, could be available “fairly soon,” said Dr. Janet Woodcock, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration official who is leading government efforts to speed COVID-19 therapies. Key studies are underway and some answers should come by early fall.One company, Eli Lilly, has already started manufacturing its antibody drug, betting that studies now underway will give positive results.“Our goal is to get something out as soon as possible” and to have hundreds of thousands of doses ready by fall, said Lilly’s chief scientific officer, Dr. Daniel Skovronsky.Another company that developed an antibody drug cocktail against Ebola — Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. — now is testing one for coronavirus.“The success with our Ebola program gives us some confidence that we can potentially do this again,” said Christos Kyratsous, a Regeneron microbiologist who helped lead that work.Regeneron’s drug uses two antibodies to enhance chances the drug will work even if the virus evolves to evade action by one.Lilly is testing two different, single-antibody drugs — one with the Canadian company AbCellera and another with a Chinese company, Junshi Biosciences. In July, Junshi said no safety concerns emerged in 40 healthy people who tried it and that larger studies were getting underway.Others working on antibody drugs include Amgen and Adaptive Biotechnologies. The Singapore biotech company Tychan Pte Ltd. also is testing an antibody drug and has similar products in development for Zika virus and yellow fever.“I’m cautiously optimistic” about the drugs, said the nation’s top infectious diseases expert, Dr. Anthony Fauci. “I’m heartened by the experience that we had with Ebola,” where the drugs proved effective.What could go wrong?— The antibodies may not reach all of the places in the body where they need to act, such as deep in the lungs. All the antibody drugs are given through an IV and must make their way through the bloodstream to wherever they’re needed.— The virus might mutate to avoid the antibody — the reason Regeneron is testing a two-antibody combo that binds to the virus in different places to help prevent its escape.Skovronsky said Lilly stuck with one antibody because manufacturing capacity would essentially be cut in half to make two, and “you will have less doses available.” If a single antibody works, “we can treat twice as many people,” he said.— The antibodies might not last long enough. If they fade within a month, it’s still OK for treatment since COVID-19 illness usually resolves in that time. But for prevention, it may not be practical to give infusions more often than every month or two.A San Francisco company, Vir Biotechnology Inc., says it has engineered antibodies to last longer than they usually do to avoid this problem. GlaxoSmithKline has invested 0 million in Vir to test them.Giving a higher dose also may help. If half of antibodies disappear after a month, “if you give twice as much, you will have two months’ protection,” Lilly’s Skovronsky said.— The big fear: Antibodies may do the opposite of what’s hoped and actually enhance the virus’s ability to get into cells or stimulate the immune system in a way that makes people sicker. It’s a theoretical concern that hasn’t been seen in testing so far, but large, definitive experiments are needed to prove safety.“As best as we can tell, the antibodies are helpful,” Lyon said.___Marilynn Marchione can be followed on Twitter: @MMarchioneAP___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 5919
When we first met Mark Lee Jr. in 2018, he had been working with the group Justice for TEDD Handlers to try and reunite with his K-9 partner Rayco. The two were part of the Army’s bomb detection team.Lee was injured in Afghanistan and left in 2012. It was the last time he saw Rayco.Also in 2018, a report came out that said the Army mismanaged the adoption of more than 200 military dogs, leaving veterans like Lee without the chance to adopt.When Rayco finished his service with the military, he ended up working with the U.S. Capital Police (USCP).The Justice for TEDD group, made up of a few civilians like Betsy Hamptom, were fighting to try and locate these dogs to reunite them.Meanwhile, Lee was struggling. He ended up behind bars and in rehab.“I didn't do too well,” said Lee. “I guess everything kind of caught up with me. While I was incarcerated. The guy at Capitol police that had Rayco watched our initial interview.”After our story, USCP technician Stephen Nunn got in touch with Justice for TEDD Handlers and said he wanted Rayco back with Lee.“It’s been 180 degrees since then, as you can see, I got my best friend back,” said Lee. “It shows a lot about his character being that when he reached out to find me as a law enforcement officer and find out I was incarcerated and still do nothing but want me to have him back.”Lee reunited with Rayco in D.C. and then the two went to Indiana to thank the woman who made it possible.“This is the one I wanted to happen for so long,” said Hampton. “This is a big deal to me. He’s like a son to me. My husband and I have adopted this kid.”It’s like the two old war buddies haven’t missed a beat.“He still has his working harness so if I pull it out of my backpack or pull it up, he goes crazy because he thinks he’s going to get to go work and have some fun,” said Lee.The pair isn’t finished yet either. They are moving to Texas to work with Mission K-9 Rescue. They will help rehabilitate dogs with PTSD, so they can find homes and reunite other military handlers.“Me and Rake are going to go over there and see if we can help somebody else get their boy back,” said Lee.The Justice for TEDD Handlers program is winding down. They were able to reunite 12 handlers with their dogs. A few others went to visit their old K-9 partners. Marines had similar issues finding their improvised explosive device detection dogs after service.The report on the mishandling of K-9s did lead to a change within the military to make sure this doesn’t happen again. 2518

When asked directly if President Donald Trump condemned the action of an armed counter-protester who allegedly shot and killed two people in Kenosha, Wisconsin last week, White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany declined to answer.McEnany said she would not "speak for Trump" regarding 17-year-old Kyle Rittenhouse's arrest. She implied that Trump would be holding his own briefing on Monday evening and suggested reporters ask about the incident then.Rittenhouse was arrested last week after traveling to Kenosha, Wisconsin, and allegedly shooting three protesters amid demonstrations following the police shooting of Jacob Blake. Rittenhouse is accused of killing two people and injuring a third. His attorney claims that he shot and killed in self-defense.An analysis of Rittenhouse's social media accounts indicates he was a Trump supporter. 858
With nearly twice the number of unemployed Americans compared to this time last year, the competition for seasonal work is more stiff.But some of America’s largest companies are looking to make significant additions to their workforce heading into a unique and challenging holiday season. And for some companies, they’re planning on making some or all of their new hires permanent employees.If you’re in need of a job, here are a few companies seeking help:1-800 Flowers Inc.1-800 Flowers Inc. announced earlier this month plans on hiring 10,000 seasonal workers to assist with its delivery service. The majority of these roles are being offered throughout Illinois, Ohio and Oregon, with some work-from-home positions available, the company said.7-ElevenConvenience store chain 7-Eleven announced Monday it plans on hiring 20,000 new permanent associates throughout the US. The chain has bolstered its staff as it has expanded its delivery service amid the pandemic.AmazonOnline retailer Amazon announced plans on hiring 100,000 associates in the US and Canada to bolster its staff for the holidays. The positions are permanent and are both part-time and full-time. The positions have a starting wage of an hour, and Amazon is offering a ,000 “signing bonus” in some locales.FedExThe delivery service said last week it plans on hiring 70,000 workers between now and the end of the year. FedEx said that many of these positions will be used to bolster its ground service.UPSDelivery service UPS said that it plans to hire 100,000 seasonal workers this year as the company sees an influx of deliveries between October and January. The positions will be both part-time and full-time.UPS says that in the past, one-third of its seasonal workforce is hired permanently.This story will be updated as companies announce seasonal hiring plans. 1850
When it comes to voting, laws, deadlines and Election Day minutiae vary state-by-state, and there's some important things to know before you head to the polls.Here's a rundown of some important questions (and answers) for voters. 237
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