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President-elect Joe Biden’s proposal to forgive ,000 of federal student debt as COVID relief could erase loan balances for 15 million borrowers and reduce balances for millions more, according to federal data.Broad student loan forgiveness could affect 45.3 million borrowers with federal student loan debt who owe a total of .54 trillion to the government. Wiping out ,000 each — as Biden calls for — would result in up to 9 billion canceled.Seth Frotman, executive director of the Student Borrower Protection Center, says removing the student loans “albatross around their financial lives” could mean the difference for consumers who aspire to buy a house, save for retirement or start a business.“Student loan borrowers across the spectrum — old, young, urban, rural, high-balance, low-balance, Black, white — are hurting with their student loans, and that was before COVID even hit,” Frotman says.For now, Biden’s proposal is just an amount, with no details to answer questions about which loans might be canceled, whether forgiven amounts would be taxed and if borrowers would have defaulted loans removed from their credit history. It also faces huge hurdles politically.But here’s how ,000 in forgiveness could affect some categories of borrowers.For 15 million borrowers, a slate wiped cleanMore than a third of federal borrowers could see their balances fall to zero with ,000 in debt cancelation. Among those, 7.9 million owe less than ,000 in student loans and 7.4 million owe between ,000 and ,000, according to federal data.These are also the borrowers most likely to default on their loans. Over half of those who default (52%) have less than ,000 of federal undergraduate debt, according to an analysis of federal data by The Institute for College Access and Success, or TICAS.That’s because those with lower debt amounts often have not completed their schooling, so they don’t reap the benefits of a degree that leads to a better paying job. Among those who default, 49% did not complete their program of study, TICAS found.Default has severe consequences: It can sabotage credit scores and trigger collection efforts that can include seizure of tax refunds and Social Security payments.Many of these borrowers are current on their payments. For them, forgiveness could help, but it might not be much of a boon to the overall economy, says Betsy Mayotte, president and founder of The Institute of Student Loan Advisors.“If you owe ,000 and your payment is 0 — and that’s a lot of money to a lot of people — but you all of a sudden don’t have to pay 0 a month, I don’t see that 0 being put toward something that will stimulate the economy,” Mayotte says.For 19 million borrowers, some breathing roomThe typical student leaves school with around ,000 in debt, according to TICAS, an amount that can grow quickly with interest if students pause payments or go on repayment plans that allow them to make lower payments.Nearly 19 million borrowers owe between ,000 and ,000 in federal student loans, according to federal data. Without detailed execution plans from the Biden team, it’s trickier to say how these borrowers would be affected.For example, cancellation might not reduce the amount they pay each month, but it could draw their end date closer and lower the total amount they’d pay overall, due to interest. Or it might wipe out one loan completely but leave payments on others intact.For 11 million borrowers, a drop in the bucketHigher income households, as a whole, are the ones that hold the most debt.The high debt/high earner correlation makes sense because those who make more money tend to have more advanced education, according to findings from Georgetown University Center for Education and the Workforce. To get those advanced degrees, students rack up debt in the process.More than 8 million people owe the government between ,000 and 0,000 in student loans. An additional 3.2 million borrowers owe more than 0,000 on their federal loans, data show.A borrower repaying 0,000 on the standard federal 10-year plan at 5% interest would pay off the loans 15 months early if ,000 were forgiven.Forgiveness is still a big maybeThere’s also the question of how loan forgiveness could move forward: Will it be through Congress or executive action or not at all?“If anything can be done by executive action, [forgiveness] could happen very quickly,” says Robert Kelchen, associate professor of higher education at Seton Hall University. “I’m just not sure whether forgiving debt would withstand legal scrutiny.”Experts say any executive action could face lawsuits or be subject to judicial review, which would leave the fate of an order for forgiveness in the hands of the Supreme Court.“There are a lot of conservative judges, so I can imagine that many of them could be hostile to the policy,” says Wesley Whistle, senior advisor for policy and strategy, higher education at the public policy think tank New America.Mayotte said she is doubtful borrowers will see straight forgiveness since the reach of this type of pandemic relief wouldn’t be as broad as, say, providing supplemental unemployment or propping up small businesses.Forgiveness won’t happen before payments restartBiden proposed his forgiveness measure as part of COVID-related relief, but experts say there’s an even more pressing student loan concern that will come to a head before Biden starts his term — the end of the payment pause for student loan borrowers, which is set to sunset after Dec. 31.Doug Webber, associate professor of economics at Temple University, says he’s worried about the pitfalls of going “zero to 60” in one day with reinstating loan payments for a population that isn’t ready.“Once you give people a benefit, it’s always harder to take it back,” Webber says.The payment pause, known as a forbearance, has been in effect since March as part of the first coronavirus relief bill. President Donald Trump extended the relief through the end of the year, but neither the outgoing or incoming administration has committed to extending it again.While borrowers await the fate of forgiveness, they should contact their servicer to get enrolled in an income-driven repayment plan if they won’t be able to afford their payments. These plans set payments at a portion of their income and can be as low as zero if they’re unemployed.NerdWallet writer Ryan Lane contributed additional reporting to this story.More From NerdWallet10+ Student Loan Forgiveness Programs That Discharge LoansFederal Loans Are Paused Until 2021 — Should You Pay Anyway?Income-Driven Repayment: Is It Right for You?Anna Helhoski is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: anna@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @AnnaHelhoski. 6765

Prior to the shooting at a country music festival in Las Vegas, the term “bump stock” wasn’t a familiar one to most people. Even among gun owners, the devices weren’t big sellers.A bump stock allowed the gunman in the Las Vegas shooting to make a semi-automatic rifle function more like a fully-automatic one by bumping the trigger so that it had a quicker fire.Following the shooting, there was rare bipartisan support to get rid of them. Despite the support, Congress never took action and many blamed the National Rifle Association.However, reports now indicate that the Trump administration will soon outline a federal rule that would officially ban the devices.“I would call it the bare minimum of steps, says Elizabeth Becker, a volunteer with the gun advocacy group Moms Demand Action in Las Vegas.“We do want to see bump stocks regulated, seeing as they create machine guns out of semi-automatic weapons, but there is a lot more to do on this issue.”Becker says she believes more substantive changes to gun laws are coming, thanks to the new Democrats recently elected to the House.But not all gun owners are on board with the proposal."If you're a law-abiding citizen in America and you have a clean record, you should be able to own anything you want," says Mel “Dragon Man” Bernstein, owner of Dragonman gun store in Colorado Springs.Reports indicate the new rule would force owners to turn in or destroy bump stocks within 90 days. 1466

Prisons across the country have suddenly become ground zero for the coronavirus.In California’s oldest jail, San Quentin State Prison near San Francisco, the number of cases has ballooned from less than 100 to more than 1,000 in two weeks.Attorneys in the area say the outbreak came from a transfer of inmates from the California Institute for Men to San Quentin.In the closed system that is a prison, it can make social distancing a challenge as there is only so much space to house inmates, particularly at a distance.Prison reform advocates say to solve the problem correctional facilities nationwide have turned to solitary confinement."The reports that I’m getting back now is not ‘Hey they put me in solitary for COVID-19.’ It’s, ‘They’re keeping me in solitary because of COVID-19,’” said Johnny Perez.Perez was formerly incarcerated at Riker’s Island in New York City for an armed robbery he committed when he was 21. He served 13 years for the crime, 3 of which were spent in solitary confinement, he says.“[It gave me] thoughts of suicide, volatility in my emotions,” said Perez. “I still need to sleep with the door open at night.”Perez says the experience in solitary can be similar for most people he knows, and thinks it is a dangerous way to combat COVID-19.“[The corrections system] treating you like an animal for the rest of your life says more about our system than it does about our individuals,” he said. “It is creating and lowering this standard of what it means to be put in solitary that is so low that it reverses all the work that we’ve done so far.”Perez is the director of the U.S. Prisons Program for the National Religious Campaign Against Torture, a group that works closely with the ACLU to form Unlock the Box, a national advocacy group fighting to end solitary confinement. Unlock the Box estimates the number of people currently in solitary confinement in U.S. prisons is 300,000; a large jump from the 60,000 it says was in solitary confinement in February.“There is a perpetuation and it is a really terrible cycle,” said Jessica Sandoval, campaign strategist for Unlock the Box. “[Inmates] are not going to report that they feel bad if that’s what the prison is going to do anyway so it’s pretty dangerous.”In an emailed response the Federal Bureau of Prisons did not respond to questions about solitary confinement in response to COVID-19, but it did say other measures it was taking to reduce the spread of the virus in the prison system through universal distribution of PPE, limited visits to those incarcerated, and no inmate transfers between facilities.Sandoval says medical isolation is a better practice, which does not strip inmates of many of their privileges. She also advocates early release for inmates nearing the end of their sentences or in the process of seeking parole."I think there needs to be a reckoning among corrections leaders and governors to say we’re going to do what’s right,” said Sandoval. "We’re going to save lives."According to the National Institute of Corrections it costs ,000 to house someone in solitary confinement for a year, as opposed to ,000 to house someone in the general prison population for a year. 3201

President Donald Trump signed an executive order aimed at changing policing practices as weeks-long protests against police brutality continue to take place across the country.Trump signed the order Tuesday afternoon at an event at the White House Rose Garden.WHAT IS IN IT?Trump's encouraged police departments to update their training and enact higher standards. He is also encouraging departments to implement accreditation policies for officers.According to senior White House officials, who briefed reporters Monday by phone, the President will also recommend departments call upon social workers to team up with officers when they respond to a non-violent 911 call.Trump is also expected to encourage the formation of a nationwide database to track officers who may be fired from one department in an effort to prevent another department from hiring them.Advisers to the President said Monday the administration would enforce the order by prioritizing departments who adopt the President's recommendations when they apply for federal grants.WHAT IS NOT IN IT?Trump said Tuesday that his order would ban police chokeholds — but stopped short of banning them completely. He said chokeholds would still be permitted if an officer's life is in danger.The order also does not address no-knock warrants or the legal doctrine of "qualified immunity" which currently prohibits officers from being sued in civil court.CONGRESS TAKES ACTION NEXTCongress is expected to debate more consequential pieces of legislation in the coming weeks.While Trump has denounced the officers involved in the arrest and death of George Floyd, he's consistently backed efforts supportive of law enforcement, often declaring himself the president of "law and order." 1751

Regardless of where you come down on the issue, the Oklahoma teacher walkouts have left working parents trying to come up with solutions for what to do with their kids now for almost two weeks.“It’s been very stressful,” said parent Lindsay Seal. “It is kind of hard to plan because you don’t know one day to the next.”Seal says she’s been getting updates from her son’s Jackson’s school in the form of a message on an app his teachers use. But the updates on whether school will remain closed for the next day don’t usually come until the night before.“We’ve had babysitters; we’ve hung out with grandparents,” Seal said, adding that it’s been tricky finding a place where her son Jackson can have fun and learn at the same time.Her solution for two days this week: the zoo.The Oklahoma City Zoo has traditionally operated day camps during summer months or on those certain school holidays when working parents don’t always have the day off. Deciding to run it during the walkout was a no-brainer for Amy Stephens, who is the zoo’s education supervisor.“We immediately knew there was a need,” Stephens said. “We had to pull the staffing together of course. But we have some wonderful people that worked our summer camp programs and out day camps throughout the year, and so they just jumped in.”Stephens says they have a different theme every day. On the day we stopped by, elementary students were learning about reptiles and getting to touch a blue-tongued skink, a type of lizard.“We are very education-driven, so we have a different theme every day,” Stephens said. “It might be meerkats or owls, or birds in general.”Signing up for a day at the zoo is for the day. But it’s far from the only education-focused option parents have.Science Museum Oklahoma has also been doing day-long camps for students at a similar price where kids can learn about the basics of chemistry, the solar system, even prehistoric fossils.For a cheaper option, parents can utilize the Boys and Girls Clubs of Oklahoma County for five dollars a day. Typically focused on after-school programming, the clubs have been open each day of the walkouts starting first thing in the morning.“We’re doing a lot of academic work knowing that when they get back to school they’re likely to have to do their state testing,” said Jane Sutter, CEO and president of Boys and Girls Clubs of Oklahoma County. “So we don’t want them to get rusty on those things.”Club staff have even been given lesson plans from some of the public schools.“Obviously it’s not a full day of school. They’re missing opportunity, and we’re sad about that,” Sutter said. “But we want to make this the best experience we possibly can for them.”Fourth and fifth graders at the clubs were playing U.S. geography trivia when we stopped in, while older students were learning about math through a web-based program called Prodigy.The city’s public schools system has also been sending out buses to various locations, including the Boys and Girls Clubs, and handing out sack lunches so the out of school kids that normally rely on the free school lunches won’t go hungry.Representatives at both the zoo and the Boys and Girls Clubs tell us they’ll continue their programs for as long as teachers remain out of the classrooms.The parents we spoke to admit that having to keep their kids occupied while they're at work is an inconvenience but told us that if it means a better education for their kids in the long run, it's a small sacrifice they're willing to make. 3519

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