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As states across the country grapple with an increase in coronavirus cases and a huge demand for tests, many businesses are looking for other ways to get more mileage out of their supply chain.Like with anything else, supply and demand is a constant struggle. In this unprecedented era, the demand for things like coronavirus tests is so large that public health departments don't have a choice but to figure out ways to make our supplies last. Several states are examining pooled testing. California's Public Health Department says it's to "better leverage testing resources."Pooling is something that blood banks have used for decades to keep their blood supply safe. Dr. Claudia Cohn is the Chief Medical Officer of the AABB, formerly known as the American Association of Blood Banks.“If you have 100 people that need to be tested and if you test each of them, you’ll do 100 tests. If you find that your test is sensitive enough that you can pool together 20 samples at the same time, instead of having 100 tests, you can have five pools of 20,” Dr. Cohn said.Now, if one of those five pools is positive, then Dr. Cohn says, "You’ll need to break it out and test each of those separately. So, let’s say you have one positive person in a pool of 100 people, you either do 100 tests and find one positive or you do five pools of 20, four of those pools will be negative, so you’ve done 4 pools and covered 80 people."The test works by taking a tiny sample from each person who was tested.“When you take a swab from everyone’s nose, you isolate the DNA from that swab,” Dr. Cohn said about the PCR test, which is generally a nose swab. “It’s not a lot, it’s a small amount but it’s enough. Because these tests are very, very sensitive.”Those tests are so sensitive, and they have to be, that pooling can really only work if the test can handle, as in detect, multiple samples at once. The FDA mandates that.“The FDA is quite demanding as they should be in terms of making sure tests work well and are safe,” Dr. Cohn said.And Dr. Cohn says, pooling wouldn't work in an area where there's a large outbreak, which means a large number of people would test positive regardless of pooling. In the blood world, this strategy has been perfected.“You are taking 100 samples and taking a drop from each sample and putting it together,” Dr. Cohn said. “You are testing every single person who comes through. In the blood world safety is before everything."Blood banks test for HIV, Hepatitis C and B and well as COVID-19 antibodies, according to the American Red Cross. And, as this pandemic moves through our communities, Dr. Cohn says our blood supply needs to remain strong.“After that initial spike, it went down again and that was okay because elective surgery had been canceled, so the demand for blood had gone down as well so for a while we were at a good balance of demand and supply. But then elective surgeries opened up and hospitals went back to full service and we’re in a shortage again,” Dr. Cohn said. 3017

ATLANTA, Ga. – The head of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the United States could get the coronavirus pandemic under control in one to two months if all Americans wear face coverings in public spaces.CDC Director Dr. Robert Redfield made the statement during an interview with the Journal of the American Medical Association, or JAMA, on Tuesday.“I think the data is clearly there that masking works,” Redfield told JAMA. “I think that if we can get everybody to wear a mask right now, I really do think that over the next four, six, eight weeks, we can bring this epidemic under control.”Redfield’s comments coincided with the release of two case studies that show how wearing face coverings can significantly reduce the transmission of the coronavirus.One of the studies, from JAMA, showed that a Boston hospital system reversed the infection trajectory among its employees and patients by adhering to universal masking policies.In the second study, the CDC highlighted how wearing a mask prevented the spread of infection from two hair stylists to their customers in Missouri.“Among 139 clients exposed to two symptomatic hair stylists with confirmed COVID-19 while both the stylists and the clients wore face masks, no symptomatic secondary cases were reported; among 67 clients tested for SARS-CoV-2, all test results were negative,” wrote the CDC. “Adherence to the community’s and company’s face-covering policy likely mitigated spread of SARS-CoV-2.”Experts say the virus that causes COVID-19 is thought to mainly spread from person to person, mainly through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks.“These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs,” writes the CDC. “Spread is more likely when people are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet).”In an editorial published by JAMA, the CDC affirmed that cloth face coverings are a critical tool to help stop this kind of spread.“We are not defenseless against COVID-19,” said Redfield. “Cloth face coverings are one of the most powerful weapons we have to slow and stop the spread of the virus – particularly when used universally within a community setting. All Americans have a responsibility to protect themselves, their families, and their communities.”The U.S. continues to lead the world in the number of COVID-19 cases, with nearly 3.5 million infections reported as of Thursday morning, according to a tally by Johns Hopkins University.Click here to learn more about COVID-19 from the CDC. 2600

At least 100,000 small businesses have had to close permanently in the last nine months, according to data gathered by Yelp. Millions more have dealt with temporary closures and major losses in revenue.Now, many remaining small businesses are reliant on a strong holiday shopping season, and there’s finally some good news for these business owners and their employees.For example, at the Boston area small business called Boing Toy Shop, owner Kim Mitchell has been working overtime for the pasting nine months. She has had drastically change her business model.“In certain ways, I feel like although I am in the same physical footprint, I am almost running a completely different business,” said Mitchell.Since the start of the pandemic, Mitchell has had to shift more than half of her business online and added curbside pickup to keep her toy shop out of the red.“In certain ways, I almost feel like we are part store-front, part warehouse,” she added.However, in many ways, she still feels lucky to have some form of her business when so many other small businesses have had to close.“One of the first ones, unfortunately, was the store right across the street from me,” said Mitchell.The boutique clothing store across the street from Boing is just one of an estimated 27 percent of small businesses that have closed across the country, according to a Harvard University Project. And without a strong holiday season, even more permanent closures are feared.So, how has the holiday shopping season been so far for small businesses?“I had by far my most successful small business Saturday, which I did turn into small business weekend. I sort of stretched it,” said Mitchell. “There definitely is a sense, and I have a sense from my customers, that they are making a conscious decision to support their local businesses.”From Boing to stores around the country, consumers opened their wallets more than ever on Small Business Saturday. According to Adobe Analytics data, they spent a record .7 billion just online.“Smaller retailers have seen a 501 percent increase in revenue through the holiday season so far relative to a typical day in October,” said John Copeland with Adobe Analytics,” “From a percentage increase, small and medium-sized businesses are outperforming in terms of percentage gains.”From Adobe’s holiday shopping data to the Boston toy shops’ experience, it is clear consumers are conscious of how much mom and pop businesses are struggling and how important it is to help them and the workers they employ."It is really nice that, especially in a time like this, where we really need the community’s support in return. They are coming out and realizing that ‘hey, these small businesses have been there for us for a long time; now it is time to get their back,’” added Mitchell. 2811

August is usually an exciting time to be an educator, as Teachers start decorating their classrooms and preparing for a new group of students.This year, however, many teachers are experiencing a new set of emotions.“My colleagues are fearful,” said Tanya Kitts-Lewinski, president of the Kenosha Education Association in Wisconsin.Kitts-Lewinski says many teachers are fearful of returning to campus during the COVID-19 crisis. Now, she’s calling out the safety of teaching during this pandemic, even virtually, saying some schools are requiring teachers to teach online from inside a classroom.“We can’t serve our students if we’re sick,” she said.Now a local law firm is preparing for the worst by offering free wills to teachers returning to classrooms."People are very scared, and this is the one thing I can do to help this group, and I'm committed to doing as much as I can," said Jim Brzezinski, a partner at Tabak Law in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.Brzezinski came up with this idea after talking with his wife, who is also a teacher. After posting this service online, the response was overwhelming."Within 12 hours of opening up this to teachers, we got about 300 requests within the first 12 hours," he said.We reached out to the Kenosha Unified School District, but they wouldn't talk on camera. Off camera, they said they plan on returning to school virtually, then reassessing the status of the pandemic and determining if and when it's safe to return to in-person learning."We frankly don't have enough educators to make our classrooms small enough to follow CDC guidelines," Kitts-Lewinski said, adding she won't feel safe returning to the classroom until the virus is fully contained."If we're not alive," she said. "We can't serve our students." 1764

As Republicans on Monday hit the leaders of major cities helmed by Democrats for their handling of the unrest in the US this summer, thousands took to the streets following the shooting of Jacob Blake.Blake was shot seven times by Kenosha, Wisconsin, police officers on Sunday. Video showed Blake walking into a car when he was shot from behind. As many key details from Sunday’s incident are still not confirmed, Kenosha Police announced that two of the officers involved have been placed on leave.The incident prompted further unrest in a number of US cities on Monday, calling for justice. Supporters of the Black Lives Matter movement also are calling for the arrest of the officers involved in Blake’s shooting.Meanwhile, Republicans tried to pin the unrest and protests that turned violent on Democrats during Monday's portion of the Republican National Convention. The unrest ramped up following the death of George Floyd on Memorial Day. While most of the largest US cities are run by Democrats, unrest has also played out in large cities run by Republicans, including Fort Worth and Jacksonville.To illustrate their point, Republicans called on St. Louis attorneys Mark and Patricia McCloskey, who were criminally charged after video shared on social media indicated that the McCloskeys pointed guns at Black Lives Matter protesters in their gated community."Whether it's the defunding of police, ending cash bails so criminals can be released back out on the streets the same day to riot again, or encouraging anarchy and chaos on our streets, it seems as if the Democrats no longer view the government's job as protecting honest citizens from criminals, but rather protecting criminals from honest citizens,” Mark McCloskey said. “Not a single person in the out of control mob you saw at our house was charged with a crime. But you know who was? We were. They actually charged us with felonies for daring to defend our home."The theme continued by other GOP speakers.“Rioters must not be allowed to destroy our cities,” Kimberly Guilfoyle, National Chair, Trump Victory Finance Committee, said.Some speakers during the Republican Convention claimed that Democrats are supportive of defunding the police. While some members of the Black Lives Matter protest have embraced a “defund the police” movement, Democratic president candidate Joe Biden said he does not support defunding the police. 2409