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CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) — Mars is about to get its first U.S. visitor in years: a three-legged, one-armed geologist to dig deep and listen for quakes.NASA's InSight makes its grand entrance through the rose-tinted Martian skies on Monday, after a six-month, 300 million-mile (480 million-kilometer) journey. It will be the first American spacecraft to land since the Curiosity rover in 2012 and the first dedicated to exploring underground.NASA is going with a tried-and-true method to get this mechanical miner to the surface of the red planet. Engine firings will slow its final descent and the spacecraft will plop down on its rigid legs, mimicking the landings of earlier successful missions.That's where old school ends on this billion U.S.-European effort .Once flight controllers in California determine the coast is clear at the landing site — fairly flat and rock free — InSight's 6-foot (1.8-meter) arm will remove the two main science experiments from the lander's deck and place them directly on the Martian surface.No spacecraft has attempted anything like that before.The firsts don't stop there.One experiment will attempt to penetrate 16 feet (5 meters) into Mars, using a self-hammering nail with heat sensors to gauge the planet's internal temperature. That would shatter the out-of-this-world depth record of 8 feet (2 ? meters) drilled by the Apollo moonwalkers nearly a half-century ago for lunar heat measurements.The astronauts also left behind instruments to measure moonquakes. InSight carries the first seismometers to monitor for marsquakes — if they exist. Yet another experiment will calculate Mars' wobble, providing clues about the planet's core.It won't be looking for signs of life, past or present. No life detectors are on board.The spacecraft is like a self-sufficient robot, said lead scientist Bruce Banerdt of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory."It's got its own brain. It's got an arm that can manipulate things around. It can listen with its seismometer. It can feel things with the pressure sensors and the temperature sensors. It pulls its own power out of the sun," he said.By scoping out the insides of Mars, scientists could learn how our neighbor — and other rocky worlds, including the Earth and moon — formed and transformed over billions of years. Mars is much less geologically active than Earth, and so its interior is closer to being in its original state — a tantalizing time capsule.InSight stands to "revolutionize the way we think about the inside of the planet," said NASA's science mission chief, Thomas Zurbuchen.But first, the 800-pound (360-kilogram) vehicle needs to get safely to the Martian surface. This time, there won't be a ball bouncing down with the spacecraft tucked inside, like there were for the Spirit and Opportunity rovers in 2004. And there won't be a sky crane to lower the lander like there was for the six-wheeled Curiosity during its dramatic "seven minutes of terror.""That was crazy," acknowledged InSight's project manager, Tom Hoffman. But he noted, "Any time you're trying to land on Mars, it's crazy, frankly. I don't think there's a sane way to do it."No matter how it's done, getting to Mars and landing there is hard — and unforgiving.Earth's success rate at Mars is a mere 40 percent. That includes planetary flybys dating back to the early 1960s, as well as orbiters and landers.While it's had its share of flops, the U.S. has by far the best track record. No one else has managed to land and operate a spacecraft on Mars. Two years ago, a European lander came in so fast, its descent system askew, that it carved out a crater on impact.This time, NASA is borrowing a page from the 1976 twin Vikings and the 2008 Phoenix, which also were stationary and three-legged."But you never know what Mars is going to do," Hoffman said. "Just because we've done it before doesn't mean we're not nervous and excited about doing it again."Wind gusts could send the spacecraft into a dangerous tumble during descent, or the parachute could get tangled. A dust storm like the one that enveloped Mars this past summer could hamper InSight's ability to generate solar power. A leg could buckle. The arm could jam.The tensest time for flight controllers in Pasadena, California: the six minutes from the time the spacecraft hits Mars' atmosphere and touchdown. They'll have jars of peanuts on hand — a good-luck tradition dating back to 1964's successful Ranger 7 moon mission.InSight will enter Mars' atmosphere at a supersonic 12,300 mph (19,800 kph), relying on its white nylon parachute and a series of engine firings to slow down enough for a soft upright landing on Mars' Elysium Planitia, a sizable equatorial plain.Hoffman hopes it's "like a Walmart parking lot in Kansas."The flatter the better so the lander doesn't tip over, ending the mission, and so the robotic arm can set the science instruments down.InSight — short for Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport — will rest close to the ground, its top deck barely a yard, or meter, above the surface. Once its twin circular solar panels open, the lander will occupy the space of a large car.If NASA gets lucky, a pair of briefcase-size satellites trailing InSight since their joint May liftoff could provide near-live updates during the lander's descent. There's an eight-minute lag in communications between Earth and Mars.The experimental CubeSats, dubbed WALL-E and EVE from the 2008 animated movie, will zoom past Mars and remain in perpetual orbit around the sun, their technology demonstration complete.If WALL-E and EVE are mute, landing news will come from NASA orbiters at Mars, just not as quickly.The first pictures of the landing site should start flowing shortly after touchdown. It will be at least 10 weeks before the science instruments are deployed. Add another several weeks for the heat probe to bury into Mars.The mission is designed to last one full Martian year, the equivalent of two Earth years.With landing day so close to Thanksgiving, many of the flight controllers will be eating turkey at their desks on the holiday.Hoffman expects his team will wait until Monday to give full and proper thanks.___The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 6433

CARDIFF, Calif. (KGTV) - Three boys are recovering from an angry wasp attack at a park in Cardiff.Along Windsor Road, feet from an elementary school, five boys between 7 and 14 years old were inside a private park in the Park Place community two Sundays ago. They were about a 100 feet from the fenceline along Windsor Road. Frank Bocchini's son was the oldest boy in the group."Doing what young boys do, exploring and having fun in nature," said Bocchini.The fun quickly turned into a nightmare."He saw the wasps and told the young boys to stay away from there," said Bocchini.Bocchini's son was the first to see the insects near a tunnel structure. "The wasps reacted quickly after he said that. It was a nest that quickly turned into a swarm...screaming and crying, because they were getting hit," said Bocchini.Three of the five kids were stung, including two 7-year-old boys who were stung dozens of times."The older boys were trying to get the wasps tangled in the young boys' hair," said Bocchini.Bocchini's son and another boy frantically tried to help the other children. "At one point, the whole jacket was covered in wasps on this young boy. He told the boy to take the jacket off and run," said Bocchini.That boy did, and eventually ran out of harm's way."He was upset and scared," said Bocchini. The 7-year-old boy ended up in the emergency room with 24 stings and hives on his body. The incident unfolded as wasp season should be wrapping up. Experts tell us the hot weather has extended the season along with the dangers.The property management company for Park Place confirmed a pest service relocated the yellow jackets. Experts say you should run from wasps, and running through trees and bushes may help slow them down. If you're stung, don't take the stinger out with tweezers. Instead, scrape it out with a credit card so you don't push more of the venom into your body. 1899

CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va. - At the ripe age of 74, scientist Wladek Minor, PhD. is not slowing down anytime soon, especially when it comes to his research to better understand COVID-19.“This is the biggest danger I’ve seen in my lifetime,” said Minor. “This is a real danger, and we shouldn’t underestimate it.”Minor, who is also a professor at UVA’s Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, recently made a new discovery in the fight against coronavirus.As the lead researcher, Minor and his team of scientists recently discovered a link between a coronavirus treatment and people with diabetes.They found the drug dexamethasone, which is used to lower the risk of death in patients with a severe case of the virus, might be less effective for treating patients with diabetes.“We were trying to explain why the action of dexamethasone is somewhat erratic,” Minor said. “It means it works for some people and [does] not necessarily work for other people.”Minor and his team analyzed data from 373 COVID-19 patients at a hospital from Wuhan, China.Their research determined how a type of protein in our blood, called serum albumin, picks up dexamethasone and carries it through the body.The scientists found that patients who died had lower levels of that protein than those who survived.Those who died also had higher levels of blood sugar, suggesting diabetes may make it difficult for patients to get the benefits of the drug.“We are trying to make as much impact on human life as possible,” said Minor.Dexamethasone has been shown to cut deaths by about 30% for COVID-19 patients who were on ventilators.The steroid was used to help treat President Donald Trump’s bout with the virus, along with other treatments and drugs including remdesivir, which was just approved by the FDA to use on all hospitalized patients.“COVID is now our enemy, and really, it’s the biggest enemy,” Minor said.Scientists said more research is needed to determine the best treatment for COVID-19 patients, especially for those who have diabetes.For more information on Minor’s research, click here.This story was first reported by Antoinette DelBel at WTKR in Norfolk, Virginia. 2180

CARLSBAD, Calif. (KGTV) - After hundreds of signs and fences along the trails at the Carlsbad Ecological Reserve are ripped from the ground, Fish and Wildlife is now setting up a specialized enforcement team. Secret cameras set up around the 500 acre reserve caught dozens of bikers ripping up signs, cutting fence wire and vandalizing property.Fish and Wildlife representative Peter Tira told 10News this is nothing new."We're not dealing with recreational mountain bikers, we're dealing with folks who disregard the law and believe the law doesn't apply to them," said Tira.Starting Saturday, April 6, Fish and Wildlife enforcement officers will hand out citations to all bikers who are caught riding the trails. Each citation comes with a 0 fine. "We've installed about 500 signs on this property almost all of which have been taken down or vandalized. On each of the signs it says 'No Bicycles'," said Tira.However, many mountain bikers who showed up to the trails Wednesday told 10News this is a popular spot for many in the Carlsbad area. Ivan Sekanovich comes to ride these trails at least once a week and is disappointed that Fish and Wildlife are letting the actions of a small group of bikers ruin it for the rest of them."For the most part, people know where they're supposed to hike and the bikers know where to bike," Sekanovich said. 1358

CARLSBAD— It's the winter sport most famous for being a bit odd. Curling usually soars in popularity during the Winter Olympics, but you can also play year-round, even in sunny San Diego.Each week, members of “Curl San Diego” gather at the Icetown Skating Rink in Carlsbad to teach people curling. “It’s fascinating and something you don’t usually see, so everyone wants to try it,” said Owen McLachlan, the club’s vice president.The idea behind curling is simple. Shove a 42-pound rock as close to the center of a target as possible.In reality, it’s not so easy. “It’s usually called, ‘Chess on Ice,’” McLachlan said. Similar to bocce or shuffleboard, the team closest to the center gets the points.The sweeping heats up the ice, reducing friction and allowing the stone to travel farther and straighter.“An eighth of an inch can make or break a shot,” said Karen Coombs, who grew up playing in Canada, but now lives in San Diego.The Carlsbad club started after the 2006 Winter Olympics in Torino, Italy. Organizers say a lot of Canadians in San Diego wanted a place to play, and when the Winter Olympics come around..“We'll have 200 people for a learn to curl,” Coombs said. A close-knit community just a stone's throw away. “Anywhere you have ice, you can have curling,” McLachlan said.For more information on Curl San Diego, click here. 1348

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