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Sticking to a normal daily rhythm -- being active during the day and sleeping at night -- can have more benefits than you might expect.A new study found that it is linked to improvements in mood and cognitive functioning as well as a decreased likelihood of developing major depression and bipolar disorder.The study, published Tuesday in the journal The Lancet Psychiatry, looked at disruptions in the circadian rhythms -- or daily sleep-wake cycles -- of over 91,000 adults in the United Kingdom. It measured these disruptions using a device called an accelerometer that is worn on the wrist and measures one's daily activity levels. The participants were taken from the UK Biobank, a large cohort of over half a million UK adults ages 37 to 73.The researchers found that individuals with more circadian rhythm disruptions -- defined as increased activity at night, decreased activity during the day or both -- were significantly more likely to have symptoms consistent with bipolar disorder or major depression. They were also more likely to have decreased feelings of well-being and to have reduced cognitive functioning, based on a computer-generated reaction time test.For all participants, activity levels were measured over a seven-day period in either 2013 or 2014, and mental health proxies such as mood and cognitive functioning were measured using an online mental health questionnaire that participants filled out in 2016 or 2017."It's widely known that a good night's sleep is a good thing for well-being and health. That's not a big surprise," said?Dr. Daniel Smith, professor of psychiatry at the University of Glasgow and a leading author on the study. "But I think what's less well-known and what comes out of this work is that not only is a good night's sleep important, but having a regular rhythm of being active in daylight and inactive in darkness over time is important for mental well-being."The findings were found to be consistent even when controlling for a number of influential factors including age, sex, lifestyle, education and body mass index, according to Smith."I think one of the striking things that we found was just the consistency in the direction of our association across everything we looked at in terms of mental health," Smith said.Daily circadian rhythm is controlled by a collection of neurons in an area of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus helps regulate a number of important behavioral and physiological functions such as body temperature, eating and drinking habits, emotional well-being and sleep, according to the?National Institute of General Medical Sciences.The findings are consistent with research indicating a link between sleep disruptions and mood disorders. A 2009 study, for example, showed that men who worked night shifts for four years or more were more likely to have anxiety and depression than those who work during the day.However, the new study is the first to use objective measurements of daily activity and is among the largest of its kind, according to?Aiden Doherty, senior research fellow at the University of Oxford, who was not involved in the research."This study is the first large-scale investigation of the association of objectively measured circadian rhythmicity with various mental health, well-being, personality and cognitive outcomes, with an unprecedented sample size of more than 90 000 participants," Doherty wrote in an email."Previous studies have been very small (in just a few hundred people), or relied on self-report measures (asking people what they think they do). ... However, this study used objective device-based measures in over 90,000 participants; and then linked this information to standard measures of mood disorders, subjective well-being, and cognitive function," he added.The findings have significant public health consequences, particularly for those who live in urban areas, where circadian rhythms are often disrupted due to artificial light, according to Smith."By 2030, two-thirds of the world's population will be living in cities, and we know that living in an urban environment can be pretty toxic to your circadian system because of all the artificial light that you're exposed to," Smith said."So we need to think about ways to help people tune in to their natural rhythms of activity and sleeping more effectively. Hopefully, that will protect a lot of people from mood disorders."For those who struggle to maintain a consistent circadian rhythm, certain strategies -- such as avoiding technology at night -- have proven to be an important part of good sleep hygiene."Not using your phone late at night and having a regular pattern of sleeping is really important," Smith said. "But equally important is a pattern of exposing yourself to sunshine and daylight in the morning and doing activity in the morning or midday so you can actually sleep properly."Based on the observational nature of the study, the researchers were unable to show causality, meaning it is unclear whether the sleep disturbances caused the mental health problems or vice versa."It's a cross-sectional study, so we can't say anything about cause and effect or what came first, the mood disorder or the circadian disruption," said Kristen Knutson, associate professor of neurology at Northwestern's Feinberg School of Medicine, who was not involved in the study."And it's likely they affect each other in a circular fashion," she added.The researchers also looked exclusively at adults between age 37 and 73, meaning the results may not apply to younger individuals, whose circadian rhythms are known to be different than those of older adults, according to Smith."The circadian system changes throughout life. If you've got kids, you know that very young kids tend to be nocturnal," Smith said. "My suspicion is that we might observe even more pronounced effects in younger samples, but that hasn't been done yet, to my knowledge."But the study adds more credence to the idea that sleep hygiene -- including maintaining a consistent pattern of sleep and wake cycles -- may be an important component of good mental health, according to Smith."It's an exciting time for this kind of research because it's beginning to have some real-world applications," Smith said. "And from my point of view as a psychiatrist, I think it's probably under-recognized in psychiatry how important healthy circadian function is, but it's an area that we're trying to develop." 6496

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — The Florida Education Association announced a lawsuit against the state's emergency order that forces districts to physically reopen public schools five days a week in August, despite concerns from parents and educators regarding the spread of COVID-19.The lawsuit was filed Monday in state circuit court in Miami against Gov. DeSantis, Florida Education Commissioner Richard Corcoran, the Florida Board of Education and Miami-Dade mayor Carlos Gimenez.The lawsuit contends that ordering a return to on-site instruction at public schools is a violation of Florida’s Constitution and requests a declaration that the state defendants’ actions and inactions are unconstitutional.The suit also seeks a declaration from the court that the state's demands are "arbitrary and capricious" and seeks to prohibit the enforcement of the order.RELATED: Florida education commissioner calls school reopen lawsuit 'frivolous'The FEA contends the mandate does not allow districts enough time for effective planning, even when it comes to offering distance-learning options."As many districts were preparing to implement hybrid education models and online instruction initiatives, just weeks before the start of the school calendar, they now find themselves forced to crowd millions of students into schools where physical distancing, although critical, becomes virtually impossible," the lawsuit reads.View Lawsuit BelowThe state's largest teachers union also launched a petition to Gov. Ron DeSantis that says the state's students must not return to school campuses until steps are taken to reduce the rate of community spread of COVID-19."The rate of infection is growing at an alarming pace, yet little is being done to slow the spread and even less is being done to support a SAFE return to our schools," the FEA posted on their Facebook page. "We must demand our governor take all necessary steps to slow the infection rate in our state before our children return to brick and mortar schools." 2011

Target is recalling Room Essentials 4-drawer dressers due to tip-over and entrapment hazards.According to Target, the recalled dressers are unstable if they are not anchored to the wall, posing serious tip-over and entrapment hazards that can result in death or injuries to children. Target has received 12 reports of dressers tipping or collapsing. The recalled dressers have been sold in three colors and measure 41 7/8 inches tall by 31 ? inches wide by 15 11/16 inches deep. Model number 249-05-0103 (black), 249-05-0106 (espresso), or 249-05-0109 (maple) is printed on the product’s packaging.The dressers were sold at Target stores nationwide and online at Target.com from January 2013 through April 2016 for about 8.Consumers are being asked to immediately stop using the recalled dressers and return them to any Target store for a full refund.For more information, you can call Target at 800-440-0680 or go to www.Target.com and click on “Recalls” at the bottom of the page, then “Furniture” for more information, or the “Product Recalls” tab on www.Facebook.com/Target. 1124

Supreme Court nominee Amy Coney Barrett was diagnosed with COVID-19 earlier this year but has since recovered, according to reports from The Washington Post and CNN.Barrett was reportedly diagnosed with the virus in the summer. According to White House officials, Barrett tested negative for COVID-19 on Friday morning.President Donald Trump nominated Barrett to take Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's spot on the Supreme Court at a ceremony at the White House on Saturday. At least one attendee at that event, University of Notre Dame President Rev. John Jenkins, has since tested positive for COVID-19, though it's not clear how or when he contracted the virus.In addition to her work as a judge on the U.S. 7th Circuit Court of Appeals, Barrett is also a faculty member at Notre Dame.Trump himself announced early Friday morning that he had contracted COVID-19. He's reportedly suffering mild symptoms. 909

Student loan debt has surpassed trillion. It's expensive to go to school, and loans help many afford higher-education but not all that money may be going toward tuition and books.A survey found that one in five college students are using some of their leftover loan money to dip their toes into virtual currencies like Bitcoin.The mere mention of cryptocurrency is enough to make Loyola University Maryland Assistant Accounting Professor JP Krahel cringe.“Oh, oh boy,” said Krahel with the Sellinger School of Business.Even worse, students are buying into it and they're using student loan money to do so.The allowance meant for living expenses is instead being invested into Bitcoin and Ethereum. The Student Loan Report found that's how 21 percent of current college students are using their excess financial aid money.“Given the unregulated market of cryptocurrency, given what we've already seen, proven volatility, and given the fact that student loan debt is something you can't get rid of in bankruptcy, I personally, without getting too hyperbolic here, I would not do that,” Krahel said.A warning from someone who knows money, but even his wisdom is not enough to convince some of his own students.“They'll say, ‘Oh, did you see what bitcoin did yesterday, I made x dollars,’ I'm like, children, come on. Your interest rates and student loans that's what you should be worried about. If you have free money, send it back to Sallie Mae, you know, pay that debt off early because that stuff starts snowballing and paying off debt is a guaranteed return on investment,” said Krahel.And yet it's hard to shake the promise of investing in a market that's produced millionaires from relatively low investments just several years ago.“I don't want to knock cryptocurrencies, they do have a value, but people are getting into it because of that volatility, because you could have a thousand today and ,000 tomorrow,” said Krahel. “So, if you're willing to only see the upside, cryptocurrencies are great but that's not the way life works.”Bitcoin's value has sunk ,000 in the last month and plummeted from its peak in December at nearly ,000.However, with every slump there's also the possibility of a rally. These students could prove their professor wrong or learn a real-life lesson about loss and spending wisely.Krahel said you should be borrowing the least amount of money possible so you have less to pay off in the future.Students are graduating with an average of ,000 in student loan debt. 2541