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A surge in COVID-19 cases is further straining the already-depleted supply of prescription drugs in the U.S., according to researchers and doctors at the University of Minnesota."The supply lines are really stressed and stretched," said Dr. Stephen Schondelmeyer, a co-principal investigator for the Resilient Drug Supply Project at the University of Minnesota.Schondelmeyer's work focuses on critical drugs and their supply chains. He tracks the supply chain process for every drug on the marketplace — more than 100,000 in total.Most of the prescription drugs used by Americans are made outside of the country — meaning the U.S. is reliant on foreign companies to manufacture the drug and shipping companies to deliver them safely."We're identifying where it comes from — the first thing you need to know is about 70% of all the drugs that come into the U.S. marketplace are made outside of the US.," Schondelmeyer said.He and his team want to predict and identify when and where there will be failures in the system. Right now, the U.S. has a "fail and fix" system — and right now, there are some critical breakdowns in the supply chain."Seventy-five percent of the COVID-19 drugs are currently in shortage," Schondelmeyer said. "That means three-fourths of the drugs we're using for COVID-19 were already in shortage, and that's before we had this last surge we're seeing.""We should, as a matter of national policy, have a map like we're building of the global drug supply from the beginning all the way until the drug reaches the patient," Schondelmeyer said.But it's not just COVID-19 drugs that are in short supply. Dr. Beth Thielen, an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Minnesota Medical School and an infectious disease physician, says even some routine drugs are hard to come by."As a physician working in the hospital — the University of Minnesota — we're a big urban center and yet we're regularly dealing with this issue of shortages in routine things like antibiotics," Thielen said. "It's very concerning to think about the supply chain breaking down and seeing drugs not available in pharmacies or the hospital."Doctors say COVID-19 has unmasked a problem that's been a concern for decades. The pharmaceutical supply chain is complicated and dependent on other countries — and there are supply and demand dilemmas."Start the conversation now with your healthcare provider," Thielen said. "There might be some within class substitutions of medicines, so a drug that is related may not be the exact same drug but might fulfill the same purpose."Schondelmeyer adds that anyone with a regular prescription should ask their doctor about getting a 90-day supply of essential drugs — but adds that there's no reason to hoard medication."We shouldn't panic. We shouldn't treat drugs like we did toilet paper and stock up on so much that we're totally out — and that's an example of what can happen when there's rumors of shortages," Schondelmeyer said. "People act out of fear, and they hoard more than they really need."In the meantime, Schondelmeyer is pushing for a national stockpile of critical medications, so that the U.S. is covered should there be a complete breakdown in the supply chain. 3236

A new study takes a look at how deep the problem of plastics in the ocean goes. Studies have looked at the quantity and spread of plastics in the world’s oceans, and now scientists are getting a better idea of how much of that litter is sinking down to the sea bed.The study, from Australia’s national science agency CSIRO, estimates there is 14 million metric tons of microplastics sitting on the ocean floor. That would be more than 35x as much plastic scientists believe is floating on the surface of the ocean.Microplastics are defined as pieces of plastic that have been worn down by the ocean and other elements into tiny fragments, smaller than 5 millimeters.The team collected samples of deep-sea sediments up to 9,800 feet deep from sites around the Great Australian Bight off the coast of South Australia. The robotic submarine took 51 samples.Scientists found an average of 1.26 microplastic pieces per gram of sediment in the samples.Dr. Denise Hardesty, Principal Research Scientist and co-author of the study, said they were "surprised to observe high microplastic loads in such a remote location.""Our research found that the deep ocean is a sink for microplastics," Hardesty said. "By identifying where and how much microplastic there is, we get a better picture of the extent of the problem."Around 150 million metric tons of plastic are already floating in our oceans -- with an additional eight million tons entering the water each year, according to the World Economic Forum.The researchers say most of the plastic dumped into the ocean likely ends up on the coasts, rather than on the ocean's surface or floor.The samples were taken in the spring of 2017; the study was published in Frontiers in Marine Science on Monday. 1750

A proposed act that would make it illegal in San Francisco to make a 911 call based on another person's race or ethnicity is one step closed to becoming law.The San Francisco Board of Supervisors unanimously passed the CAREN Act on its first read on Tuesday.Supervisor Shamann Walton proposed the Caution Against Racially Exploitative Non-Emergencies — or "CAREN" — Act in July. The name is a play on the online trend of labeling women caught making problematic or racist statements in viral videos as "Karens."The law would make it illegal to call 911 with the "specific intent to discriminate over someone's race, ethnicity, national origin, place of birth, sexual orientation, gender identity or religion," according to KPIX-TV in San Francisco.According to CNN, Tuesday's vote was passed unanimously by all city supervisors on the first read. The board will vote on the proposal again next week, and if passed, it will be sent to the desk of San Francisco Mayor London Breed, who could then sign it into law.A similar law is currently making its way through the California state legislature. AB 1550, which would outlaw discriminatory 911 calls throughout the whole state, has passed California State Assembly and is in committee in the state senate.Walton proposed the law in July after several viral videos sparked outrage about racially-based 911 calls across the country. In June, a man's recording of a white couple calling the police on him for chalking the words "Black Lives Matter" on his rented home went viral. The couple later issued an apology. In May, a white woman called police on a Black man who was birdwatching in Central Park after he asked that she put a leash on her dog. That woman was charged with false reporting earlier this week. 1768

A staff member at a Michigan school is on administrative leave after a student says a teacher assaulted him for not standing for the Pledge of Allegiance. According to Brian Chaney, his 11-year old son Stone Chaney was in homeroom class the first week of school when a teacher snatched him out of his seat and forced him to stand for the Pledge. "He said, 'During the Pledge the teacher snatched me out of my chair,'” Brian said. Stone is a sixth grader at East Middle School in Farmington Hills, Michigan. Stone says he’s been sitting for the pledge since second grade when his father explained why he had the choice. His father says there’s never been an issue until now. Stone says the next day, another teacher yelled at him for the same thing, asking him if he had permission to sit during the pledge."For him to be violently snatched out of his chair by a lady and order him to stand and for her to just glare at him, it's wrong, it's a violation of civil rights," Chaney said.Farmington Public Schools Superintendent George Heitsch says they’re investigating the allegations.“We respect the rights of any individual to make personal choices around issues of faith and beliefs. We're disappointed that we're even having the conversation,” Heitsch said. One staff member has been placed on administrative leave.  1380

A man who is a former educator in Florida who now delivers groceries for a living says he is making double his teacher salary.Ed Hennessey, of Seminole County, told WESH television station he taught for 20 years at Oviedo High School. He was living his dream — except the money was never enough to make ends really meet.He became a part-time shopper for Shipt a few years ago, and developed his own system for the process, he told WESH. In 2017 he took a year off from teaching to shop full-time, and now, he has retired from teaching. 543