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BEIJING, Sept. 30 (Xinhuanet) -- Tobacco companies concealed the knowledge of radioactive substance in cigarettes from public for over four decades, a new study revealed.The revelation was made by a research team from the University of California, Los Angeles, published on Thursday in the online edition of the U.S. medical journal Nicotine and Tobacco Research.The researchers analyzed 27 timeworn documents and discovered that tobacco companies had knew the existence of polonium-210, a hazardous radioactive substance, in the tobacco since 1959.The companies studied polonium-210 throughout the 1960s, and concealed their findings about the carcinogenic potential of the radioactive substance.Hrayr Karagueuzian, the study's lead author, said the tobacco companies' deception surprised him.According to the revelation, the companies had knew the "cancerous growths" in the lungs of smokers, and even calculated how much radiation a regular smoker would inhale over 20 years.Karagueuzian and his team conducted again the study recorded in the tobacco documents and found that the radiation in cigarettes would cause up to 138 deaths for every 1,000 smokers over a period of 25 years.However, tobacco manufacturer denied that they had concealed the facts from the public.David Sutton, spokesman of Philip Morris, the largest U.S. tobacco company, said the polonium-210 was a "naturally occurring element in the air" and had been widely discussed by the public health community for years.

BEIJING, Oct. 13 (Xinhuanet) -- Tyrannosaurus rex dinosaur, the giant prehistoric predator, was even bigger and heavier than it was estimated previously, a new study found.The finding was contained in a study published Wednesday in the scientific journal PLoS ONE.Using three-dimension scanning and computer modeling, researchers analyzed five skeleton fossils of T. rex dinosaur, including "Sue", the largest and most complete T. rex specimen ever found.The analysis tipped the scale of "Sue" at 9 ton, some 30 percent more than it was expected."At their fastest, in their teenage years, they were putting on 11 pounds or 5 kilograms a day," said John Hutchinson of the Royal Veterinary College in London, who co-led the study.The larger body mass indicated the better agility and the stronger lower-leg muscles of the ancient monster, said the researcher."Sue" could have a top speed of about 10-25 miles per hour when it ran on the Great Plains of North America 67 million years ago, Hutchinson suggested.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 25 (Xinhua) -- In the United States, the AIDS epidemic has plateaued, but it is still at "unacceptable high" level, a U.S. expert said ahead of the World AIDS Day."The situation is stable in the United States, stable in an unacceptable high level for at least 10 years and has not gone down. It's still a serious problem," Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), told Xinhua in an exclusive interview.According to Fauci, there are about 1.1 million people infected with HIV in the U.S., of which about 20 percent do not know they are infected. Those are the ones that more likely will infect other people. Since the world's first AIDS case was reported 30 years ago, the U.S. has seen close to 600,000 AIDS-related death. And among the 65,000 new infections each year in the U.S, about 50 percent are African Americans. In the United States, about 12 percent of the population is African American."Our new approach to prevention is to try and get access at community level, to people at most risk, to seek out to voluntarily test, to link them to care, and to automatically get them treatment," said Fauci. "When you get someone on treatment, it is extremely unlikely that they will infect their sexual partner."Fauci thought the international community's battle against the HIV/AIDS has gotten better over the last 30 years.Early on, when the disease was inaccurately thought to be a disease of developed world. There was a denial in many countries in Asia, in Southern Africa, South America and Caribbean, that this will turn out to be an extraordinary problem in those countries. As the years went by, it was clear that it was not a disease of gay men in the United States and the developed world. It was a disease mostly in the developing world when 90 percent of new infections occur in low- and middle-income countries and 67 percent of the cases are in Southern Africa."The response of the global community first was denial and not full appreciation of the potential impact of the pandemic. As the years have gone by, the response has been better and better," said Fauci, an immunologist that has made substantial contributions to research in the areas of AIDS and other immunodeficiencies, both as a scientist and as the head of NIAID.The advance in the arena of therapy with drugs has been " spectacular" and "very impressive", he said.In the early 1980 before there were any drugs, the median survival period of people in the United States who was infected with HIV, was about six to eight months. "Today in 2010, if someone was newly infected with HIV and he's 20-25 years old, and you put them on therapy, you can predict mathematically that they will live additional 50 years," said Fauci.Over the last couple of years, there has been "significant but slow" advances with vaccines against HIV. For example, there was a trial that was conducted in Thailand in which there was a modest degree of efficacy, about 31 percent of protection."That's not enough to have a vaccine available for widespread use but give us some important clues into what next generation of vaccines would be," said Fauci.As to the "three zeros" target adopted by the United Nations this year, Fauci said that it's "aspirational but not gonna be easy.""It is good to set very high goals for the future. I don't think that we realistically are gonna get to zero new infections, zero new discrimination, zero (AIDS-related) death in the next few years," said Fauci. "I think it will take several years to get there. I believe that if more countries and the international community are engaged to play a role in trying to stop HIV, to prevent and treat and care for HIV-infected individuals, that we will automatically achieve that objective."

BEIJING, Jan. 14 (Xinhua) -- China and member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on Saturday held a meeting of senior officials on the implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in South China Sea.All the participants had in-depth discussion and reached a series of consensus, said a press release posted on the Foreign Ministry's official website (www.fmprc.gov.cn).The meeting concluded that the general situation of South China Sea is peaceful and stable, and appreciated the positive efforts from all concerned sides.The meeting regarded 2011 as a fruitful year with positive progress made in implementing the declaration, and reached consensus on the future works, including to speed up specific cooperation projects, and to host seminars on maritime disaster-relief, environment, rescue and biology research.All the parties agreed to set up experts committees on maritime scientific research, environmental protection, security and rescue, and on the crackdown on cross-border crimes, and to better utilize the China-ASEAN fund on maritime cooperation.

BEIJING, Oct. 13 (Xinhuanet) -- Himalayas may be one of the most potential regions to provide solar power in future, according to a new research by Japanese scientists quoted by media reports Thursday. Deserts are usually regarded as the hotbeds for capturing solar power, but some of the loftiest and coldest regions can receive more energy from the sun than some deserts, said Takashi Oozeki and Yutaka Genchi, authors of the research published in Environmental Science and Technology. To set up solar cells on Himalayas would be challenging. Transmission losses and snowfall should be taken into consideration, said the researchers with the National Institute of Industrial Science and Technology in Japan. Still, the Himalayan region is attractive, because there are large energy demands in the countries nearby."It is near regions with large future energy demands such as China and India," they said.Other cold regions that can receive solar power include Andes of South America and Antarctica, according to the study.

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