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WASHINGTON, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Rice originated in China, a team of U.S. genome researchers has concluded in a study tracing back thousands of years of evolutionary history through large-scale gene re-sequencing.Their findings, which appear Monday in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), indicate that domesticated rice may have first appeared as far back as approximately 9,000 years ago in the Yangtze Valley of China. Previous research suggested domesticated rice may have two points of origin -- India as well as China.Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of world's oldest crop species. It is also a very diverse crop, with tens of thousands of varieties known throughout the world. Two major subspecies of rice -- japonica and indica -- represent most of the world's varieties. Sushi rice, for example, is a type of japonica, while most of the long-grain rice in risottos are indica.Because rice is so diverse, its origins have been the subject of scientific debate. One theory -- a single-origin model -- suggests that indica and japonica were domesticated once from the wild rice O. rufipogon.Another -- a multiple-origin model -- proposes that these two major rice types were domesticated separately and in different parts of Asia. The multiple-origin model has gained currency in recent years as biologists have observed significant genetic differences between indica and japonica, and several studies examining the evolutionary relationships among rice varieties supported more than domestication in both India and China.In the PNAS study, the researchers re-assessed the evolutionary history, or phylogeny, of domesticated rice using previously published datasets, some of which have been used to argue that indica and japonica rice have separate origins. Using more modern computer algorithms, however, the researchers concluded these two species have the same origin because they have a closer genetic relationship to each other than to any wild rice species found in either India or China.In addition, the study's authors examined the phylogeny of domesticated rice by re-sequencing 630 gene fragments on selected chromosomes from a diverse set of wild and domesticated rice varieties. Using new modeling techniques, which had previously been used to look at genomic data in human evolution, their results showed that the gene sequence data was more consistent with a single origin of rice.In the study, the investigators also used a "molecular clock" of rice genes to see when rice evolved. Depending on how the researchers calibrated their clock, they pinpointed the origin of rice at possibly 8,200 years ago, while japonica and indica split apart from each other about 3,900 years ago. The study's authors pointed out that these molecular dates were consistent with archaeological studies.Archaeologists have uncovered evidence in the last decade for rice domestication in the Yangtze Valley beginning approximately 8, 000 to 9,000 years ago while domestication of rice in the India's Ganges region was around about 4,000 years ago."As rice was brought in from China to India by traders and migrant farmers, it likely hybridized extensively with local wild rice," explained New York University biologist Michael Purugganan, one of the study's co-authors. "So domesticated rice that we may have once thought originated in India actually has its beginnings in China."

BEIJING, May 23 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study suggests that crossing your arms could reduce the intensity of pain, according to media reports.The study was conducted by researchers from University College London (UCL), who reported their finding in the journel Pain.They said that crossing the arms could confuse the brain and conflicting information between the brain's two maps - one for the person's body and the other for external space - leading to a lower sensation of pain.A laser was used to generate a four millisecond pin prick on the hands of eight volunteers, who experienced this twice with their arms at their sides and arms crossed.Then the participants were asked to rate the intensity of pain in two situations and an EEG (electroencephalography) was used to measure their electrical brain responses.The results showed that both the perception of pain and EEG activity was reduced when the arms were crossed."Perhaps when we get hurt, we should not only 'rub it better' but also cross our arms," said Giandomenico Iannetti of UCL's department of physiology, pharmacology and neuroscience.

BEIJING, Feb.14 (Xinhua) - Shanghai General Motors Co. will recall 2,806 imported Cadillac CTS vehicles in China to repair faulty track bars to prevent safety risks, China's quality watchdog said on Monday.The recall, which is set to begin on March 21, includes models that were produced between June 16, 2008 and April 20, 2009, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine said in a statement on its website.The statement said that the company would repair or replace the rear suspension track bars of the recalled vehicles because some nuts on the bars are likely to loosen and cause worn screw threads.This could lead to a loosened track bar under extreme conditions, which is unsafe when traveling fast, it said.The company is to contact car owners to provide free checks and repairs. Owners may also contact the automaker on its free phone service (telephone number: 8008201902) for more information and to make appointments.

SYDNEY, May 27 (Xinhua) -- A toddler and a policeman have become the latest victims of a rare and potentially deadly mosquito-borne disease in Western Australia (WA), local media reported on Friday.The two-year-old child contracted Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) in the Kimberley of WA and is now in Royal Darwin Hospital in a stable condition, according to Australian Associated Press (AAP).The 29-year-old police officer, who was recently contracted the disease at an Aboriginal community of WA, has emerged from a coma in a Perth hospital but is still unable to communicate.It is not known if the victims from WA's far north will fully recover.In April 2011, a man who had been traveling in WA's northwest became the first person in the state to die from the disease in three years.A 19-year-old Canadian tourist also died after contracting MVE while traveling through the Northern Territory earlier in May.A WA Health Department spokeswoman said nine West Australians had contracted MVE so far in 2011. Several people remain very ill in hospital, she said.

MOHE, Heilongjiang, Feb. 3 (Xinhua) -- Some 1.318 million tonnes of crude oil had flowed through an oil pipeline from Russia's far-east to China by Jan. 31, a month after the pipeline began operating, an officer of the Chinese operator of the pipeline said.The pipeline, which originates in the Russian town of Skovorodino in the far-eastern Amur region, enters China at Mohe and terminates at Daqing City of northeast China's Heilongjiang Province.The facility withstood the test of the severe coldness since it was put into operation on Jan. 1 and no production accident has been reported so far, said Gou Hanghai, director of the Mohe administration station of the pipeline.The pipeline remains a daily oil delivering capacity of 42,000 tonnes, he saidThe 1,000-km-long pipeline will transport 15 million tonnes of crude oil from Russia to China per year from 2011 to 2030, according to an agreement signed between the two countries.Some 72 kilometers of the pipeline is in Russia and 927 kilometers of it is in China.