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In regions of the United States and Mexico that are prone to hurricanes, aggressive spiders are evolving to survive and ride out the storm.When hurricanes rage along the Gulf of Mexico or charge up the East Coast, they can reshape an entire habitat in a short time. The winds destroy trees and spread debris for miles, putting new pressure on the creatures living in these environments.But how do creatures adapt when their habitats are so disturbed? Researchers looked at Anelosimus studiosus spiders that live in storm-prone areas along the coast to see how they changed. Their study was published Monday in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution.These weather systems are called "black swan events": a surprising event with a major impact that is explained with the benefit of hindsight. They don't offer much lead time, so the researchers had to scramble to study the spider colonies before and after projected storms.The team monitored Subtropical Storm Alberto and Hurricanes Florence and Michael during the 2018 hurricane season. They tried to anticipate the systems' trajectories and study areas that included 240 female spider colonies, comparing them with areas where spider colonies were unaffected by such storms.The researchers returned to the sites hit by the storms 48 hours later. About 75% of the colonies survived the initial storm strikes."It is tremendously important to understand the environmental impacts of these 'black swan' weather events on evolution and natural selection," said Jonathan Pruitt, lead study author, evolutionary biologist and Canada 150 Chair in McMaster University's Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour. "As sea levels rise, the incidence of tropical storms will only increase. Now more than ever we need to contend with what the ecological and evolutionary impacts of these storms will be for non-human animals."The A. studiosis spider species has two main personality traits that are inherited: docile and aggressive.Aggressiveness can be determined based on their speed, attackers pursuing prey, cannibalizing male spiders as well as eggs and their vulnerability to the invasion of predatory spiders.On the one hand, aggressive colonies are better at gathering resources in times of scarcity. But when deprived of food or subjected to overheating, aggressive colonies can also suffer from infighting."Tropical cyclones likely impact both of these stressors by altering the numbers of flying prey and increasing sun exposure from a more open canopy layer," Pruitt said. "Aggressiveness is passed down through generations in these colonies, from parent to daughter, and is a major factor in their survival and ability to reproduce."The researchers determined that after a storm passed, the colonies that aggressively pursued food and resources were able to produce more egg cases. The spiderlings also had a better chance of surviving into early winter.In areas that weren't hit by storms, docile colonies thrived.These findings were consistent even as the storms varied in duration, intensity and size. The researchers believe this shows that extreme events can shape animal behaviors. They would like to conduct more long-term studies to learn whether this is the case. 3250

If you're trying to sell, buy or swap items through online marketplaces, your local police department probably has a safe spot for you.Horrifying stories about robberies 181

Investors cheered the blockbuster November jobs report.US stocks surged Friday morning as solid payroll and wage gains and an unemployment rate that remains at a half-century low eased fears that trade tensions are hurting the US economy.The 254

In Gilroy, California, garlic is everything and everywhere.The "stinky rose--as they call it--is this community's cash crop, it's identity and the root of the local economy. And now, this homegrown produce is being impacted by international politics.“The second we heard about these tariffs, we were elated,” says Ken Christopher of Christopher Ranch, Gilroy’s top garlic producer. Christopher is talking about new tariffs recently passed down by the Trump administration. These tariffs are increasing taxes on all kinds of imported goods, including garlic, which Christopher says gives them a level playing field after years of competing against what he claims are illegal import practices.“American garlic farmers, we're not afraid of competition,” Christopher says. “We're more than happy to compete with other countries like Mexico, Spain, and Argentina, because they play by the rules. It's when non-market actors like China try to compete and distort the rules that when we get upset.”Christopher Ranch is the Gilroy's largest employer and its last garlic farm.Christopher tells us that before 1993, almost all garlic consumed in America was grown in America. He says, however, that all changed when Chinese importers started illegally flooding the market with tens of millions of pounds of garlic. “When that happened, there used to be 12 garlic farmers in America; now there's only three,” Christopher says. “It’s tariffs like these that protect the final garlic farms here.”These tariffs also appear to protect the price of garlic. Before these tariffs went into effect, a box of California grown garlic was trading at a box at most, while imported Chinese garlic was selling for a box. After these new tariffs went into effect, the price of Chinese garlic has increased to more than a box.“When you're talking about a 25 percent on all inbound Chinese garlic, that means there's going to be a demand for California grown garlic,” Christopher says. “That's going to mean more production, more jobs, higher wages, investment in infrastructure, and a real economic shift in our community.”With harvest just a few weeks away, American garlic farmers says these tariffs couldn't have come at a better time. 2235

Johnson and Johnson was the first drugmaker to reveal the prices of its prescription medicines this year — the company includes the list price and potential out-of-pocket costs for patients in its ads.Drug makers are required by law to start including the list price of medications in their television ads. It's a significant step to 346