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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- We’ve known for a while that COVID-19 hits people over 65 especially hard, but a study published Wednesday from researchers in San Diego offers new insight into why that happens.The numbers are staggering: if you’re 65 or older, your risk of winding up in the hospital from COVID-19 is five to 11 times higher than someone under 30. Your risk of death is at least 90 times higher, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Researchers at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology say the reason why older people fare so much worse appears to be from a lack of T-cells, a type of white blood cell that can decline with age.“Some viruses get controlled by one part of the immune system. Some viruses get controlled by another. In this case it seems that T-cells really do a lot of the work,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, one of the authors of the study published Wednesday in the journal Cell.Dr. Crotty and his colleagues looked at 50 people infected with the virus, and they measured the three elements of the adaptive immune system in detail: antibodies, helper T-cells and killer T-cells.Then they compared the measurements to how people fared against the virus. Some patients in the study group had severe cases, others had mild infections.The researchers found that people with all three branches of the adaptive immune system tended to fully recover. People with severe cases of the virus often lacked one or more of the immune branches, and it was particularly evident in older people.“Our data indicated that of the older individuals, it was particularly the ones that had fewer T-cells to start that look like they really struggled to control this virus,” Dr. Crotty said.As we age, we have fewer T-cells to send after invading pathogens. “That collection of T-cells gets smaller. So it’s harder to recognize a new virus,” Crotty said.Among the 748 deaths in San Diego County reported as of Wednesday, 87% were people aged 60 and older.The findings from LJI may have implications in the search for a vaccine against COVID-19. The data suggests that vaccine-makers may want to target a drug that elicits all three branches of the immune response, Dr. Crotty said. Some vaccine approaches, such as inactivated virus vaccines, only elicit two of three branches, not killer T-cells. However, Crotty said it was too soon to rule any candidates. Two strong branches produced by a vaccine could potentially cover for the lack of a third, he said.Crotty said the findings could help vaccine-makers interpret results from the clinical trials and find the right dosing.“Is a given vaccine a good vaccine, and you just need a booster immunization?” he said. “Does it work well in one population but it doesn’t help in the elderly because it doesn’t generate a T-cell response, for example? Those are the scenarios when this type of knowledge will come into play.” 2906

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Wildfire season is here and county officials want to make sure San Diegans are prepared. As summer heats up and brush dries out, Cal Fire is urging everyone to create a wildfire action plan. According to the agency, the plan should be familiar to all members of your household well in advance of a fire. This includes making an emergency supply kit and creating an evacuation plan. If you’re unsure how to start preparing a wildfire action plan, Cal Fire has some tips. Create an evacuation plan that includes:· A designated emergency meeting location outside the fire or hazard area. This is critical to determine who has safely evacuated from the affected area.· Several different escape routes from your home and community. Practice these often so everyone in your family is familiar in case of emergency.· Have an evacuation plan for pets and large animals such as horses and other livestock.· A Family Communication Plan that designates an out-of-area friend or relative as a point of contact to act as a single source of communication among family members in case of separation. (It is easier to call or message one person and let them contact others than to try and call everyone when phone, cell, and internet systems can be overloaded or limited during a disaster.) Be Prepared:· Have fire extinguishers on hand and train your family how to use them (check expiration dates regularly).· Ensure that your family knows where your gas, electric, and water main shut-off controls are located and how to safely shut them down in an emergency.· Assemble an Emergency Supply Kit for each person, as recommended by the American Red Cross. (See next section for details.)· Maintain a list of emergency contact numbers posted near your phone and in your emergency supply kit.· Keep an extra Emergency Supply Kit in your car in case you cannot get to your home because of fire or other emergency.· Have a portable radio or scanner so you can stay updated on the fire.· Tell your neighbors about Ready, Set, Go! and your Wildfire Action Plan. Cal Fire also offers tips on what to include in an emergency kit. EMERGENCY SUPPLY KIT CHECKLIST· Three-day supply of non-perishable food and three gallons of water per person.· Map marked with at least two evacuation routes· Prescriptions or special medications· Change of clothing· Extra eyeglasses or contact lenses· An extra set of car keys, credit cards, cash or traveler’s checks· First aid kit· Flashlight· Battery-powered radio and extra batteries· Sanitation supplies· Copies of important documents (birth certificates, passports, etc.)· Don’t forget pet food and water!Items to take if time allows:· Easily carried valuables· Family photos and other irreplaceable items· Personal computer information on hard drives and disks· Chargers for cell phones, laptops, etc. 2846

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) A local conservation group came dangerously close to running into the armed kidnappers who snatched a California tourist and her guide while on safari in Uganda. Kim Endicott and her driver were abducted at gunpoint from the Queen Elizabeth National Park across the border from Congo on April 2.They were released over the weekend. Details of the negotiated release have not been made public. Bill Toone is the director and founder of Ecolife Conservation in Escondido. He and several other members were leaving the park just as Endicott's group was arriving. Their guides stopped to talk. Endicott's group left and returned to their lodge. They returned to the park roughly four hours later. That's when they were ambushed. "I'm a little surprised that it ended as positively as it did. It could have obviously been really awful, and I kind of thought it might be, so it's thrilling that she's out of there," said Toone. Among other things, Ecolife Conservation provides safe, fuel efficient stoves for homes in remote areas of the world. The group has been working in Uganda for seven years. Toone said he's never felt unsafe. He was shocked to learn of the kidnappings."First of all, it's low season there and so there are very few tourists around anyway, so I guess that is why we became a target, it made it a little simpler, or she became a target," said Toone. Toone said in the days that followed the kidnapping; his group was required to have armed guards. He says the Ugandan government has been misleading on this issue."They say it's required to have armed guards when you go in the park. We've been going to the park for seven years. Every entrance to the park is through a gate where there are wildlife officials who check your vehicle in, they know who is in the vehicles, they check the licenses of the guides, never in all the years that we've gone there has anyone even suggested that you bring an armed guard. They've been saying she should have had a guard, that is not our experience at all," said Toone. Toone hopes things return to normal soon."The repercussions could be enormous. Uganda depends very heavily on tourism dollars. That's their incentive to do the kind of conservation they do there for the wildlife," said Toone who reiterated that the kidnappings are an isolated event."We have to keep it in perspective that this was one person in a country that actually has a really wonderful record for safety. " 2465

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- USD head men’s basketball coach Lamont Smith has been placed on administrative leave after being arrested on domestic violence charges.The university says Assistant Coach Sam Scholl has been appointed head coach for the entire post-season.Smith was arrested Sunday in the Bay Area and is facing three domestic violence charges.Updated statement from USD on the arrest of Lamont Smith. pic.twitter.com/ghF6iphJvC— Ben Higgins (@BenHigginsSD) February 26, 2018 491

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Local window washers put on tights, capes, and masks to cheer up and surprise patients at Rady Children’s Hospital on Halloween.The team of superheroes not only wiped away dirt but shared some smiles for Halloween.“It means the world to these kids, just to see them and it brightens up their day a little bit,” said Kelly Mikulsky, whose daughter is fighting Leukemia.The window washers, from A-Plus Window Cleaning in El Cajon, dawned the iconic costumes of Spider-Man, Superman, Captain America, and others as they washed the building's windows from inside and outside.This is the 2nd year they’ve surprised the Rady Children's patients on Halloween. 689

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