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Sticking to a normal daily rhythm -- being active during the day and sleeping at night -- can have more benefits than you might expect.A new study found that it is linked to improvements in mood and cognitive functioning as well as a decreased likelihood of developing major depression and bipolar disorder.The study, published Tuesday in the journal The Lancet Psychiatry, looked at disruptions in the circadian rhythms -- or daily sleep-wake cycles -- of over 91,000 adults in the United Kingdom. It measured these disruptions using a device called an accelerometer that is worn on the wrist and measures one's daily activity levels. The participants were taken from the UK Biobank, a large cohort of over half a million UK adults ages 37 to 73.The researchers found that individuals with more circadian rhythm disruptions -- defined as increased activity at night, decreased activity during the day or both -- were significantly more likely to have symptoms consistent with bipolar disorder or major depression. They were also more likely to have decreased feelings of well-being and to have reduced cognitive functioning, based on a computer-generated reaction time test.For all participants, activity levels were measured over a seven-day period in either 2013 or 2014, and mental health proxies such as mood and cognitive functioning were measured using an online mental health questionnaire that participants filled out in 2016 or 2017."It's widely known that a good night's sleep is a good thing for well-being and health. That's not a big surprise," said?Dr. Daniel Smith, professor of psychiatry at the University of Glasgow and a leading author on the study. "But I think what's less well-known and what comes out of this work is that not only is a good night's sleep important, but having a regular rhythm of being active in daylight and inactive in darkness over time is important for mental well-being."The findings were found to be consistent even when controlling for a number of influential factors including age, sex, lifestyle, education and body mass index, according to Smith."I think one of the striking things that we found was just the consistency in the direction of our association across everything we looked at in terms of mental health," Smith said.Daily circadian rhythm is controlled by a collection of neurons in an area of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus helps regulate a number of important behavioral and physiological functions such as body temperature, eating and drinking habits, emotional well-being and sleep, according to the?National Institute of General Medical Sciences.The findings are consistent with research indicating a link between sleep disruptions and mood disorders. A 2009 study, for example, showed that men who worked night shifts for four years or more were more likely to have anxiety and depression than those who work during the day.However, the new study is the first to use objective measurements of daily activity and is among the largest of its kind, according to?Aiden Doherty, senior research fellow at the University of Oxford, who was not involved in the research."This study is the first large-scale investigation of the association of objectively measured circadian rhythmicity with various mental health, well-being, personality and cognitive outcomes, with an unprecedented sample size of more than 90 000 participants," Doherty wrote in an email."Previous studies have been very small (in just a few hundred people), or relied on self-report measures (asking people what they think they do). ... However, this study used objective device-based measures in over 90,000 participants; and then linked this information to standard measures of mood disorders, subjective well-being, and cognitive function," he added.The findings have significant public health consequences, particularly for those who live in urban areas, where circadian rhythms are often disrupted due to artificial light, according to Smith."By 2030, two-thirds of the world's population will be living in cities, and we know that living in an urban environment can be pretty toxic to your circadian system because of all the artificial light that you're exposed to," Smith said."So we need to think about ways to help people tune in to their natural rhythms of activity and sleeping more effectively. Hopefully, that will protect a lot of people from mood disorders."For those who struggle to maintain a consistent circadian rhythm, certain strategies -- such as avoiding technology at night -- have proven to be an important part of good sleep hygiene."Not using your phone late at night and having a regular pattern of sleeping is really important," Smith said. "But equally important is a pattern of exposing yourself to sunshine and daylight in the morning and doing activity in the morning or midday so you can actually sleep properly."Based on the observational nature of the study, the researchers were unable to show causality, meaning it is unclear whether the sleep disturbances caused the mental health problems or vice versa."It's a cross-sectional study, so we can't say anything about cause and effect or what came first, the mood disorder or the circadian disruption," said Kristen Knutson, associate professor of neurology at Northwestern's Feinberg School of Medicine, who was not involved in the study."And it's likely they affect each other in a circular fashion," she added.The researchers also looked exclusively at adults between age 37 and 73, meaning the results may not apply to younger individuals, whose circadian rhythms are known to be different than those of older adults, according to Smith."The circadian system changes throughout life. If you've got kids, you know that very young kids tend to be nocturnal," Smith said. "My suspicion is that we might observe even more pronounced effects in younger samples, but that hasn't been done yet, to my knowledge."But the study adds more credence to the idea that sleep hygiene -- including maintaining a consistent pattern of sleep and wake cycles -- may be an important component of good mental health, according to Smith."It's an exciting time for this kind of research because it's beginning to have some real-world applications," Smith said. "And from my point of view as a psychiatrist, I think it's probably under-recognized in psychiatry how important healthy circadian function is, but it's an area that we're trying to develop." 6496

TERRE HAUTE, Ind. -- A Terre Haute police officer who died following an exchange of gunfire with a homicide suspect Friday night has been identified as Patrolman Rob Pitts, a 16-year veteran of the force.Pitts and three other officers with the Terre Haute Police Department were looking for a potential homicide suspect Friday afternoon at the Garden Quarter apartment complex.State police say the suspect started shooting at the officers from the second floor of an apartment building and the officers returned fire. Patrolman Pitts was wounded and later died at Terre Haute Regional hospital.The suspect was located around 9:15 p.m. when members of the Terre Haute Police Department SWAT team entered the apartment building.He also died from his wounds. His name has not been released. 835

The Bakersfield Police Department booked an Inglewood man Sunday night for murder and sexual assault charges in the case of a missing 13-year-old girl from Bakersfield.Further investigation led police to detain 24-year-old Armando Cruz of Inglewood, California for his involvement in the disappearance of Patricia Alatorre, who went missing July 1 at 11:30 p.m.The 13-year-old girl went missing in the area of Hosking Ave. and Wible Road, and according to police, Cruz is the owner of a white, older model pick-up last seen leaving the area at the same time and location Alatorre was last seen.BPD Detectives located and seized the vehicle and detained Cruz for further questioning in his involvement in Alatorre's disappearance.Cruz, was then arrested, just hours after being detained.Cruz faces 18 felonies and one misdemeanor. The charges include first-degree murder and sexual assault. This is a developing story. We will continue to update it as we learn more details. 981

Student loan borrowers were targets for scams before the coronavirus pandemic hit. The longer people struggle, the more desperate they become, and that’s when scammers and fraudsters thrive.“They’re using the same playbook, but more aggressively,” says Seth Frotman, executive director of the Student Borrower Protection Center, a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit.There’s no single scam related to coronavirus relief or specific company to pinpoint that is being prosecuted right now, says Leslie Tayne, a debt-relief attorney and founder of Tayne Law Group. But fraudsters are still out there.There are two main types of scams, says Frotman. In one scam, a company will charge to enroll you in a benefit you could have accessed for free, such as a federal income-driven repayment plan.Tayne says she most often sees scammers promising to get borrowers into a loan deferment program in exchange for payment.In another scam, you’re promised something too good to be true — like forgiveness — in exchange for payment. Then they take your money and run.“It used to be called the Obama Loan Forgiveness scam, and now there’s the CARES Act Forgiveness scam,” says Persis Yu, director of the nonprofit National Consumer Law Center’s Student Loan Borrower Assistance Project.“Borrowers should always look upon advertising that is promising forgiveness with skepticism,” says Yu. No student loan forgiveness was included in the March coronavirus relief package.How to figure out what is legitAs you’re assessing what is real and what is not, take a beat to independently verify a company on third-party sites like the Better Business Bureau’s. Here’s what else you can do:See if there are news stories about scams alongside a business’s name in an online search. Remember: Anyone can pay for a domain name and start a website. Logos, addresses and mailers are easy to replicate, too.Be wary of solicitations that arrive in your inbox or that you see on social media ads. Even if you’re contacted by a party that has your personal information, it doesn’t mean it’s a legitimate organization, says Tayne.If you get a robocall regarding student loan repayment during the coronavirus pandemic, don’t call back. The Federal Communications Commission has seen these and is warning consumers not to fall for these scams.Real relief measures available for borrowersThe coronavirus relief package did include provisions for most federal student loan borrowers, but not private loan borrowers. Individual private lenders are offering benefits such as short-term emergency deferment or waived late fees.Federal loan borrowers are in the midst of a six-month automatic forbearance — with no interest — retroactive to March 13 and lasting through Sept. 30, 2020. Borrowers with loans in default also get relief from collection activities like wage garnishment.However, the implementation of these benefits hasn’t been smooth, says Yu. The National Consumer Law Center and another nonprofit, Student Defense, sued the U.S. Department of Education over allegations that the department continued garnishing wages despite the provision in the law that prohibits it.Implementation mistakes have left borrowers more vulnerable to getting scammed, says Yu.“They’re desperate, and they might be entitled to relief and they’re not getting it,” she says. “Our policymakers and the Department of Education need to step up to get this right so borrowers are not driven to companies leeching off their desperation.”You should be receiving all relief automatically for federal loans. If you’re not, contact your servicer and make a complaint in writing.What to do if you’ve been scammedIf you’ve been scammed, the first thing you need to do is get control of your accounts.“One common iteration of these scams is the company will take over the FSA ID or servicer account and redirect any communications to that company,” says Yu. (The FSA ID is the unique username and password used to log into the federal student aid online system.)? If you’ve given a scam company your password, change your password. You may need to change the email address your account is linked to.? Make sure to report the scam to authorities as well, says Tayne, and hold onto copies of those reports.? The Federal Trade Commission, your state attorney general and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau are options for reporting scams. Each one actively pursues student loan scammers, but they rely on borrowers to self-report.? If you’re looking to take legal action, contact a legal services organization (if you’re income-eligible) or hire a lawyer.Frotman, Yu and Tayne each said that borrowers sometimes get their money back, but it takes effort.More From NerdWalletPrivate Student Loan Relief for Borrowers in the Coronavirus CrisisFederal Loans Are Paused for 6 Months — Should You Pay Anyway?Student Loan Customer Service: What Your Servicer Can DoAnna Helhoski is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: anna@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @AnnaHelhoski. 4999

The body of missing journalist Jamal Khashoggi was cut into pieces after he was killed two weeks ago at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, a Turkish official told CNN on Tuesday.The claim, which was first made to the New York Times earlier in the investigation, comes after Turkish officials searched the consulate for nine hours on Monday night.President Recep Tayyip Erdogan earlier Tuesday said Turkish investigators were looking into "toxic" and "painted over material" as part of their inquiry."My hope is that we can reach conclusions that will give us a reasonable opinion as soon as possible, because the investigation is looking into many things such as toxic materials and those materials being removed by painting them over," Erdogan told reporters.Turkish officials have said privately that Khashoggi was killed in the consulate on October 2 after he arrived to obtain papers that would have allowed him to marry his Turkish fiancée.Turkish investigators were expected to carry out a search of the Saudi Consul General's residence in Istanbul later on Tuesday. CCTV footage, which has served as a focal point in the investigations, showed vehicles moving from the consulate building to the nearby Consul General's residence on October 2.The semiofficial Anadolu news agency said Saudi's Istanbul Consul General, Mohammed Otaibi, had left the country. 1368